*_Essay Writing_* ✍🏻
.
*_مصطلحات لو حفظتها مع معانيها ستساعدك على كتابة افضل مقالة_* .
.
.
.——————————————.
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1️⃣- *Opening* |الافتتاحية او البداية -المدخل

📝عندما نريد البدء في كتابة مقالة نستطيع استخدام احد المصطلحات التالية حسب نوع المقالة وحسب نوع المقدمة التي نريدها ض من المعنى .
.
◾️It is often said that....
◾️Many people claim that ...
◾️In this day and age ...
◾️Nowadays ...
◾️These days ...
.
.——————————————.

2️⃣- *Introduction* |المقدمة

📝عندما نريد كتابة المقدمة في المقالة غالباً ما نستخدم البعض من هذه الكلمات حسب معنى المقالة ...
.
◾️Firstly
◾️To start with ..
◾️First of all ...
◾️first and foremost..
.
◾️Secondly
◾️Thirdly
◾️Lastly
◾️Finally
◾️Last but not least

.
◾️Furthermore
◾️In addition
◾️What is more
◾️On top of that
.
◾️Another point worth noting is ..
◾️Another factor to consider .
.
.——————————————.

📝تقديم الأفكار وإعطاء الأمثلة
3️⃣- *Presenting ideas and giving Examples*
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◾️When it come to noun/gerund ...
◾️In term of noun/gerund ...
◾️Not only ...but also ..
◾️With respect to noun/gerund
◾️According to experts ..
◾️Research has found that...
◾️There are those who found that ..
◾️There are those who argue that ..
◾️For instance/for example /such as ..
.
.——————————————.
.
📝التعبير عن السبب والنتيجة
4️⃣- *Expressing Result & Reason*
.
◾️As a result ...
◾️As a result of noun/gerund .
◾️Noun,gerund has let to/resulted in..
◾️Consequently..../Therefore .
◾️On account of noun/gerund .
◾️Due to noun/gerund .
◾️One reason behind this is ...
.——————————————.
.

5️⃣- *Contrasting* :التناقض .
.
◾️Although .
◾️Even though (Subject+Verb ).
◾️Despite/in Spite of(noun/gerund ).
◾️Despite the fact that (Subject+Verb ).
◾️On the one hand .
◾️On the other hand .
◾️However .
◾️Nevertheless .
◾️Even so .
.
.——————————————.
.
6️⃣- *Opinion* | الرأي .
.
◾️As far as I am concerned ...
◾️From my point of view .
◾️In my opinion .
◾️My own view on the matter is ....
.
.——————————————.
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7️⃣- *Concluding* -الختام .
.
◾️To sum up ..
◾️In conclusion ..
◾️All things considered ..
◾️Taking everything into consideration .
◾️Weighing up both sides of argument..
◾️On the whole .
◾️By the large .
◾️In general .


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• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*_~60 Most Important Abbreviations~_*


_BTW: By the way_

~CTN: Can’t talk now~

*CYE: Check your email*

_dI: Download_

~ETA: Estimated time of arrival~

*FWIW: For what it’s worth*

_FYI: For your information_

~GG: Good game~

~GJ: Good job~

~GL: Good luck~

gr8: Great

GTG: Got to go

GMV: Got my vote

HTH: Hope this helps

OT: Off topic

PC: Personel computer

pls: Please

POS: Parent over shoulder

ppl: People

Txt: Text

BRB: Be Right Back

B4N: Bye for Now

BCNU: Be seeing you

BFF: Best Friends Forever

CYA: Cover You’re A**

TY: Thank you

w/e: Whatever

W8: Wait

XOXO: Hugs and kisses

Y: Why

YOLO: You only live once

YNt: Why not

YW: You’re welcome

ZZZ: Sleeping

MMB: Message me back

msg: Message

NC: No comment

noob: Newbie

GMV: Got my vote

HTH: Hope this helps


LOL: laugh out loud

OMG: Oh my God

ILY: I love you

LMAO: laughing my a** off

TTYN: Talk to you never

~FBO: Facebook official~

_TTYS: Talk to you soon_

*HMB: Hit me back*

~SFW: Safe work work~

_PTFO: Passed the f** out_

*ASL: Age/Sex/Location*

~AFAIK: As far as I know~

_IMHO: In my humble opinion_

*IRL: In rela life*

~ISO: In search of~

_J/K: Just Kidding_

*L8R: Later*

~POV: Point of view~

_RBTL: Read between the lines_

*RT: Real time*

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• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

نبذة عن اختبارTOEFL ITP

ما هو اختبار TOEFL ITP ?
- هو اختبار اثبات الكفاءة فى اللغة الانجليزية وهو عبارة عن اختبار ورقى - Paper-based test .

ما هى الجهة الرسمية التى يتبعها اختبار TOEFL ITP ?
- يعتبر اختبار TOEFL ITP تابع لمركز الاختبارات التربوى بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية ETS , وهو اختبار يزودك بطريقة سريعة لاتخاذ القرارات فيما يتعلق بمهارات اللغة فى الأجزاء الأربعة وهى :-
Listening Comprehension - قسم الاستماع والفهم
Structure and Written Expression - قسم القواعد اللغوية والتعبير الكتابى
Reading Comprehension - قسم فهم القراءة
لذلك فهو اختبار ورقى ومعادل لاختبار التويفل iBT ولكن اختبار التويفل ITP لا يتضمن الجزء الخاص بالتحدث Speaking .
وهو اختبار معتمد دوليا ومحليا ويقبل نتائج هذا الاختبار كبديل لشرط القبول فى الجامعات المحلية والقطاعين الحكومى والخاص , بالاضافة الى أنة أصبح الزامى للحصول على الكادر الوظيفى والترقية لدى مختلف القطاعات الحكومية .

لماذا التقديم على اختبار التويفل TOEFL ITP ?
لأنة يعقد متى رغبت وفى أى مكان .
لأنة معتمد دوليا ومحليا .
لأنة يمنحك الفرصة لتقديم أكثر من اختبار فى حال عدم الحصول على الدرجة المطلوبة بعد الاختبار بأسبوع واحد . ( ملحوظة قد تتغير تلك المدة بناءا على تعليمات مركز الاختبارات التربوى الدولى ETS ) .
لأنة يبرز امكانياتك الوظيفية والمهنية لتكون متميزا فى سوق العمل أو الدراسة والتقديم بالجامعات بالخارج كشرط أساسى للقبول الأكاديمى أو المهنى .

يعطى اختبار TOEFL ITP في جلسة واحدة طولها حوالي ساعتين ونصف وتشمل الوقت اللازم للحصول على تعليمات الاختبار. يتكون الاختبار من ثلاثة أقسام:

الاستماع 30-40 دقيقة
القواعد اللغوية والتعبير الكتابي 25 دقيقة
القراءة 55 دقيقة
المجموع 115 دقيقة تقريبا

التعليمات أثناء التقديم على اختبار التويفل TOEFL ITP :
1.يمكن التسجيل لإختبار التوفل من خلال وحدة القبول والتسجيل.
2.على الطالب تعبئة الطلب بشكل كامل وواضح، ويجب أن يكتب اسمه كما ورد في وثيقة إثبات الشخصية التي سيستعملها يوم الامتحان. يتم رفض الطلبات غير الواضحة من قبل مركز اللغة الإنجليزية، وعلى الطالب تعبئة طلب جديد وتحديد موعد آخر.
3. في يوم الامتحان، يحضر الطالب الطلب والوصل المالي مع هوية جامعية أو أي اثبات شخصية رسمي يحمل صورة (هوية، رخصة قيادة، جواز سفر).
4.على الطالب الوصول قبل موعد الامتحان بـ30 دقيقة، ويغلق باب القاعة قبل بدء الامتحان بـ10 دقائق. ولايسمح للطالب بمغادرة قاعة الامتحان قبل انتهاء زمن الامتحان.

5.إذا لم يستطع الطالب التقدّم للامتحان لأي سبب كان، يمكنه استرداد الرسوم خلال فترة شهرين، أو يمكن أن يختار موعداً آخر.
6.أثناء الامتحان، إذا ارتكب الطالب أية مخالفة أو ضبط أثناء محاولة غش، يتم إلغاء امتحانه فوراً ودون سابق إنذار.
7.يتم الإعلان عن نتائج الاختبار خلال أسبوع من تاريخ عقد الاختبار عن طريق وحدة القبول والتسجيل ومركز اللغة الإنجليزية.
8.تكون نتائج اختبار TOEFL‐ITP صالحة لمدة سنتين من تاريخ الامتحان.

شرح مكونات اختبار التويفل TOEFL ITP( يتكون الاختبار من ثلاثة أقسام مختلفة ولكل قيم قياس المهارة المختلفة ) وهى :-
Listening Comprehension.1 - قسم الاستماع والفهم :-
Listening Comprehension measures the ability to understand spoken English as it is used in colleges and universities.

Structure and Written Expression.2 - قسم القواعد اللغوية والتعبير الكتابى :-
Structure and Written Expression measures recognition of selected structural and grammatical points in standard written English.

Reading Comprehension.3 - قسم فهم القراءة :-
Reading Comprehension measures the ability to read and understand academic reading material.


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• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*_~{{{{Amount / number}}}~_*

*These two work in the same way as “less” and “fewer”, referring respectively to commodities and individual items.*

*_The rules:_*

*_“Amount” refers to a commodity, which can’t be counted (for instance water)._*

*“Number” refers to individual things that can be counted (for example birds).*

*_How not to do it:_*

*_A greater amount of people are eating more healthily._*

*_How to do it properly:_*

*_A greater number of people are eating more healthily.._*

*_The rain dumped a larger amount of water on the country than is average for the month._*



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• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*_~{{{{Grammar ever and never
Ever·}}}}~_*

*_Difference Between Never and Ever. “Ever” and “never” are opposites of each other and have different usagesin the English language._*

*“Never” is used mostly in statements,*
_whereas “ever” is usually used while interrogating._

_“Ever” means “always, at all times,”_

*“Ever” used as an adverb and adjective ..*

“Ever” means “always, at all times,”
She is ever ready to help others.
It means continuously,

He started learning piano at four and has beenplaying ever since.
At any possible time;

Have you ever heard something like this?
At all, by any chance,

How did she ever do this?



*_~{{{Never..}}}~_*

*“Never” used as an adverb*

“Never” means, “at no time, not ever,”
She never lets anybody down.
It means “absolutely not,”

This program will never work.
“To no degree,”

He is never going to learn, no matter what.

*_Idioms_*
“Never” is also used in many idioms:
*Never mind meaning; don’t bother,*


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• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*_Useful phrases:_*

⁦◼️⁩ I am all ears كلى آذان صاغية
⁦◼️⁩ in a tight corner فى ورطة
⁦◼️⁩ in hot water فى ورطة
⁦◼️⁩ in a nutshell باختصار
⁦◼️⁩ pros and cons إيجابيات وسلبيات
⁦◼️⁩ he looks blue يبدو حزيناً
⁦◼️⁩ out of the blue فجأة وبدون توقع
⁦◼️⁩ a piece of cake سهل جداً
⁦◼️⁩ out of his head مجنون
⁦◼️⁩ out of this world رائع جداً
⁦◼️⁩ don't let me down لا تخذلنى
⁦◼️⁩ don't be a chicken لا تكن جبان
⁦◼️⁩ made my day جعلنى سعيداً



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• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*_As if + subject + .._*
*_As though + subject + .._*
~كما لو~

*_Look Like + subject +.._*
*_Sound like + subject +.._*
*_Feel like + subject +.._*
~يبدو كما لو~



~We can use these expressions to say how somebody or something seems.~

~نستخدم هذه التعابير لنقول كيف شيا ما او شخص ما يبدو~
For_example

That house Looks Like it's going to fall down.
ذلك المنزل يبدو كما لو انه سيسقط.

Najween sounded Like she was sick.
تيم بداء كما لو انه مريض.


*_You can also use as_if OR as_though in all these examples above without to change the meaning._*

That house looks as if it's going to fall down.
Tareq sounded as though he was sick.

*_~{{{Note}}}~_*
look + adjective
Sound + adjective
Feel + adjective
*يبدو*
You look tired.
تبدو متعب
شكلك تاعب
The song sounds nice .
تبدو الأغنية جميلة.

You Look Like you didn't study yesterday.
يبدوا انك لم تنم تذاكر البارحة.

*As if and as though are more formal than like.*

as if , as though أكثر رسمية من like
You can say ( lt looks like ... lt sounds like)
يبدو انه
Janat is very late, lt looks like she isn't coming.
جنات متأخرة جدا يبدو انها لن تأتي.

You can also use as (if or as though)

lt looks as if she won't come
يبدو كما لو انها لن تحضر
*_OR_*
lt looks as though she won't come.


*_After (as if , as though) we sometimes use the past when we are talking about the present._*

بعد as if , as through نحن نستخدم زمن الماضي عندما نتحدث عن الحاضر
_ #For_example:

¤_ They treat me as if I were their own son. (I'm not their son)
_ هم يعاملوني كما لو كنت ابنهم

She's speaking as if she were guiltles.

I don't like Ali. He talks as if he knew everything.
_ انا لا أحب علي هو يتحدث كما لو انه يعلم كل شي.

*The meaning is not past in this sentence. We use the past (as if he knew) because the idea is not real. Ali doesn't know everything.*



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• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*All the treasures of the earth can’t replace a good friend.*

Voltaire

*_كل كنوز الأرض لا يمكن أن تحل محل صديق وفيّ._*

فولتير



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• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*1. Accept v/s Except*
Accept means to receive
Except means not including

*2. A Lot v/c Alot*
A lot means to a large extent
Alot is not an English word

*3. All ready v/s Already*
All ready means prepared
Already means by this time

*4. Apart/ A part*
Apart is to be separated
A part if to be joined with

*5. Its v/s It's*
Its the possessive form of it
It's is a contraction for It is.

*6. Lie v/s Lay*
Lie means to not say a truth
Lay is to put something in place

*7. Your v/s You're*
Your is a possessive adjective. it shows possession
You're stands for You are.

*8.Precede v/c Proceed*
Precede means to come before
Proceed is to move forward

*9. Quote v/s Quotation*
Quote means to cite
Quotation is the act of citing

*10. Than v/s Then*
Than is used with comparisions
Then means at that time, or next

*11. Advise v/s Advice*
Advise is a verb and means to recommend something
Advice is a noun and means recommendations about what to do

*12. Allusion v/s Illusion*
Allusion is an indirect reference
Illusion is a false perception of reality

*13. Altogether/ Alltogether*
Altogether means entirely
All together is applied to people or things treated as a group or gathered with everything in one place

*14. Assent v/s Ascent*
Assent means to express approval or agreement
Ascent refers to an upward movement

*15. Capital v/s Capitol*
Capital is the city or town that is the seat of government
Capitol is the building in which the legislative assembly meets.

*16. Counsel v/s Council*
Council is the meeting for discussion or advice
Counsel means to give advice

*17. Lead v/s Led*
Lead means to guide someone towards something
Led is the past tense of lead.




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• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*_~What is the difference between through, along and across?~_*



*As adverbs the difference between along and through.*

is that along is in company; together while through is from one side to the other by way of the interior.


*The English* _language sometimes has two words for something that is only one word in another_ _language, through and across are examples._
Essentially:

*_Through_*

*is used to talk about movement in an area which is accepted.*

_Along_


*is used when we consider movement in a linear direction,*

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• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*5 Basic Types of Adverbs*

*Adverbs of TIME*
_never, lately, just, always, recently, during, yet, soon, sometimes, usually, so far_
I haven’t been going to the gym lately.
We recently bought a new car.

*Adverbs of PLACE*
_neatly, slowly, quickly, sadly, calmly, politely, loudly, kindly, lazily_
We went into the cave, and there were bats everywhere!
One day when my dad wasn’t paying attention to where he was going, he walked into a wall.

*Adverbs of MANNER*
_neatly, slowly, quickly, sadly, calmly, politely, loudly, kindly, lazily_
I politely opened the door for my grandmother as she stepped out of the car.
A fat orange and white cat rested lazily on the sofa.

*Adverbs of DEGREE*
_almost, quite, nearly, too, enough, just, hardly, simply, so_
Can I come to the movies too?
Aren’t you hungry? You’ve hardly touched your dinner.

*Adverbs of FREQUENCY*
_never, always, rarely, sometimes, normally, seldom, usually, again_
I rarely eat fast food these days.
Tom usually takes his dog for a walk before breakfast.




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• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

IELTS Vocabulary: "CONFUSE"

🔹VERB 👉 CONFUSE
✏️ e.g :The information in travel guides sometimes confuses me.

The verb to confuse means to cause a person to be unable to understand something

🔹NOUN 👉 CONFUSION.
✏️ e.g :I missed my irplane flight because of some confusion about the time.

The noun confusion is sometimes used to describe a situation that lacks organization.
In the confusion after an earthquake,many people are separated from their families

🔹ADJECTIVE 👉CONFUSING / CONFUSED
✏️ e.g : The information was confusing.
✏️ e.g : I was confused.

The adjective confusing describes the thing that causes confusion.
The adjective confused describes the way a person feels because of it.

🔸These words also mean ‘’not being able to recognize the difference between two People or things. ‘’

My sons Kyle and Jason are twins. Their friends confuse the two of them.
The boys laugh at their friend’s confusion.

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

✅Ways to say “ PLEASE


📘If you would be so kind
Can you pass me that salt, if you would be so kind.

✅If you don’t mind
We’ll start now, if you don’t mind.

✅Kindly
Kindly send your response by the end of the day.

📕If that’s alright with you
We need to finish that in an hour, if that’s alright with you.

📘I’d love it if you could
I’d love it if you could help me here.


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• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

English vocabulary


🔴 *Infallible* :
that never fails, doing what it is supposed to do
*🔴 Cannibal* :a person who eats human flesh
🔴 *Misogynist* :
a person who dislike women
🔴 *Misanthrope* :
a person who hates and avoids other people
🔴 *Inevitable* =that you can't avoid
🔴 *Altruist* :
someone who makes charitable donations intended to increase human well being
🔴 *Homicide* :
the crime of killing somebody deliberately
🔴 *Nepotism* :
giving unfair advantages to your own family if you are in a position of power especially by giving them jobs
🔴 *Amateur* : a person who likes to take part in a sport
🔴 *Empathy* :
the ability to understand another person's feelings and experience
🔴 *Audible* :
that can be heard clearly
🔴 *Fidelity* =loyalty accuracy
🔴 *Anarchist* :
a person who believes that laws and governments are not necessary

*Recondite* :
obscure ,not easily understand

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*MAKING THE DISTINCTION*

*Quite/ Fairly/Rather/Pretty*


Examples

The exam was *fairly* difficult.
The exam was *quite* difficult.
The exam was *rather* difficult.

QUITE
Quite is a little stronger than *fairly*, and *rather* is a little stronger than quite.

Rather
Rather is not very common in American English.

Pretty
Pretty has the same meaning and this is used in informal BrEng too.
The exam was *pretty* difficult.


In BrEng *quite* has two meaning:
I feel *quite* tired today. (Fairly tired). With adjectives that describes an extreme state. It means completely or absolutely.
Your essay is quite good_ ( fairly good- meaning, it could be better)
Your essay is quite good ( very good, especially when this is unexpected.)

In American English quite usually means something like 'very' not 'fairly' or 'rather'. *Pretty* is used instead for the sense.

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

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 ♨ get through — phrasal verb
 
💥get through something
1-👉 to use up a large amount of something

▷We got through a fortune while we were in New York!

2-👉to manage to do or complete something

▷Let's start — there's a lot to get through.


💥get through (something)
👉(British English) to be successful in an exam, etc.


💥get somebody through something
👉to help somebody to be successful in an exam

▷She got all her students through the exam.


💥get through (something) | get something through (something)
👉to be officially accepted; to make something be officially accepted

▷They got the bill through Congress.


💥get through (to somebody)
1-👉to reach somebody

▷Thousands of refugees will die if these supplies don't get through to them.


2-👉to make contact with somebody by telephone

▷I tried calling you several times but I couldn't get through.


💥get through (to something)

👉(of a player or team) to reach the next stage of a competition

▷Gulbis has got through to the final.
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#advanced_IELTS
#phrasal_verb
#vocabulary
#idiom

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

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🎯 Dogsbody

⇨ A person who is employed to do menial jobs only

▷ I’m sorry, but I won’t let you get away with treating me like your dogsbody any more.

▷ Initially, he was taken on just as a general dogsbody, which is why no-one can get over his promotion to Regional Manager.
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#advanced_IELTS
#phrasal_verb
#vocabulary
#idiom

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

⭕{British English vs American English}:

~I can't find a babysitter for tonight.[US]✔

~I can't find a childminder for tonight.[UK]✔

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

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🎯 Scapegoat

⇨ A person who is unfairly blamed for everything that has gone wrong in order to satisfy public anger — often used with the verb “to make”

▷ It’s unfair to make the Chancellor the scapegoat for the downturn in the economy; the entire Government has got a lot to answer for.

▷ The police came off very badly in this case, having dithered for what seems an eternity, and now they are looking for a scapegoat.
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#advanced_IELTS
#phrasal_verb
#vocabulary
#idiom

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

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🎯To pencil someone/something in

⇨ To make a provisional [something which could be changed later] appointment with someone

▷ I tell you what; I’ll pencil you in for Tuesday the 18th, and in the meantime I’d appreciate it if you could keep me posted as to what’s likely to come up before then.

▷ Things are a little up in the air at the moment. If you pencil the meeting in for Wednesday, I’ll get back to you before packing up tonight on whether I can make it or not.
🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺
#advanced_IELTS
#phrasal_verb
#vocabulary
#idiom

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future