Imp one liners -

Offcourse GT che taknar adhi😄

Maximum void ratio is 0.91
Minimum void ratio is 0.35

#void ratio & watercontent has no upper limit.
#porosity can lie within 0 to 100% but not zero and not 100%
#degree of saturation can be zero(dry soil), can be 100%(fully saturated soil, or take intermediate value(moist or partialy saturated soil)

Water content can be found out most accurately by oven drying method, and in-situ by Radiation method
If specific gravity is know then it can be found out by pycnometer also.

Core cutter method and sand replacement method are useful in finding in-situ unit weights of soil

Specific gravity can be found out by pycnometer and indirectly by shrinkage limit.
(NOTE-Degree of saturation at shrinkage limit is 1)

For organic soils specific gravity ranges in 1.2-1.4
And for inorganic soils it is,
2.65-2.80

Sedimentation analysis consist of pipette analysis and hydrometer method

There are "3" corrections in hydrometer method.

Well graded soils have a greater compaction property .
Poorly garaded or uniformly graded consist of same grain size hence voids are there.
A special case of poorly graded soil is the one in which particles are either in excess or deficient called as gap graded soils!

If D10=150 micron, it means 10% particles are finer than 150 micron. . .
Note that D10 is called effective particle size.

For well graded soils 1<Cc<3

For well graded gravels Cu>4
For Well Graded sands Cu>6
For poorly graded soils Cu=1

#Trick?????
G for gavaskar, S for sachin
Gavaskar four(चौका) Marto 😅
Sachin six marto😜

In casagrandes test to find liquid limit water content is found out corresponding to 25 no. Of blows

Plasticity index of sands is zero
Toughness index is (plasticity index/flow index). . .. (#MMRDA 2015)

Sensitivity is always greater than unity and is directly proportional to thixotrophy.

Soil activity was explained by skempton.

Out of various unit weights of soils, saturated unit weight is maximum while submerged unit weight is minimum
( #Gemeraly submerged unit weight is only 50% of saturated weight--------- this point is related to bearing capacity---when water table rises to ground surface unit weight of water falls to 50% hence bearing capacity under submergence condition is reduced by 50%)

Plasticity and activity of montmorilonite is maximum.

Bentoninte is purest form of clay which consist of 98% clay

As compared to normal soils expansive soils have
1. More liquid limit
2. Less plastic limit
3.less shrinkage limit
4.more volumetric shrinkage
5. More plasticity index( from pt. 1 & pt 2)

Clay is finer than 0.002 mm and is flacky in shape(#TRANSCO dec 2016)

Silt is finer than 0.075 mm and coarser than 0.002 mm

Boulders are greater than 300mm
Gravel size is greater than 4.75mm and smaller than 80mm

As per IS 1498:1970😍 classification coarse grained soils are classified into 8 groups while fine grained soils are classified into 10 groups
Thus there are total 18 groups

Eg.
GS would be sandy gravel
Gp - poorly graded gravel
GW- well graded gravel etc

Thats vimp about 1st
2 chapters.
🙏🙏🙏
Join us @MACEDHULE

Maharashtra Academy for Civil Engineers:
Maharashtra Academy for Civil Engineers
#BMC Free Mock tests
#Civil engg competitive exam
#Imp topics, notes, framed Objectives
#Soil Mechanics specialist
https://t.me/MACEDHULE

Imp one liners -

Offcourse GT che taknar adhi😄

Maximum void ratio is 0.91
Minimum void ratio is 0.35

#void ratio & watercontent has no upper limit.
#porosity can lie within 0 to 100% but not zero and not 100%
#degree of saturation can be zero(dry soil), can be 100%(fully saturated soil, or take intermediate value(moist or partialy saturated soil)

Water content can be found out most accurately by oven drying method, and in-situ by Radiation method
If specific gravity is know then it can be found out by pycnometer also.

Core cutter method and sand replacement method are useful in finding in-situ unit weights of soil

Specific gravity can be found out by pycnometer and indirectly by shrinkage limit.
(NOTE-Degree of saturation at shrinkage limit is 1)

For organic soils specific gravity ranges in 1.2-1.4
And for inorganic soils it is,
2.65-2.80

Sedimentation analysis consist of pipette analysis and hydrometer method

There are "3" corrections in hydrometer method.

Well graded soils have a greater compaction property .
Poorly garaded or uniformly graded consist of same grain size hence voids are there.
A special case of poorly graded soil is the one in which particles are either in excess or deficient called as gap graded soils!

If D10=150 micron, it means 10% particles are finer than 150 micron. . .
Note that D10 is called effective particle size.

For well graded soils 1<Cc<3

For well graded gravels Cu>4
For Well Graded sands Cu>6
For poorly graded soils Cu=1

#Trick?????
G for gavaskar, S for sachin
Gavaskar four(चौका) Marto 😅
Sachin six marto😜

In casagrandes test to find liquid limit water content is found out corresponding to 25 no. Of blows

Plasticity index of sands is zero
Toughness index is (plasticity index/flow index). . .. (#MMRDA 2015)

Sensitivity is always greater than unity and is directly proportional to thixotrophy.

Soil activity was explained by skempton.

Out of various unit weights of soils, saturated unit weight is maximum while submerged unit weight is minimum
( #Gemeraly submerged unit weight is only 50% of saturated weight--------- this point is related to bearing capacity---when water table rises to ground surface unit weight of water falls to 50% hence bearing capacity under submergence condition is reduced by 50%)

Plasticity and activity of montmorilonite is maximum.

Bentoninte is purest form of clay which consist of 98% clay

As compared to normal soils expansive soils have
1. More liquid limit
2. Less plastic limit
3.less shrinkage limit
4.more volumetric shrinkage
5. More plasticity index( from pt. 1 & pt 2)

Clay is finer than 0.002 mm and is flacky in shape(#TRANSCO dec 2016)

Silt is finer than 0.075 mm and coarser than 0.002 mm

Boulders are greater than 300mm
Gravel size is greater than 4.75mm and smaller than 80mm

As per IS 1498:1970😍 classification coarse grained soils are classified into 8 groups while fine grained soils are classified into 10 groups
Thus there are total 18 groups

Eg.
GS would be sandy gravel
Gp - poorly graded gravel
GW- well graded gravel etc

Thats vimp about 1st
2 chapters.
🙏🙏🙏
Join us @MACEDHULE

Imp one liners -

Offcourse GT che taknar adhi😄

Maximum void ratio is 0.91
Minimum void ratio is 0.35

#void ratio & watercontent has no upper limit.
#porosity can lie within 0 to 100% but not zero and not 100%
#degree of saturation can be zero(dry soil), can be 100%(fully saturated soil, or take intermediate value(moist or partialy saturated soil)

Water content can be found out most accurately by oven drying method, and in-situ by Radiation method
If specific gravity is know then it can be found out by pycnometer also.

Core cutter method and sand replacement method are useful in finding in-situ unit weights of soil

Specific gravity can be found out by pycnometer and indirectly by shrinkage limit.
(NOTE-Degree of saturation at shrinkage limit is 1)

For organic soils specific gravity ranges in 1.2-1.4
And for inorganic soils it is,
2.65-2.80

Sedimentation analysis consist of pipette analysis and hydrometer method

There are "3" corrections in hydrometer method.

Well graded soils have a greater compaction property .
Poorly garaded or uniformly graded consist of same grain size hence voids are there.
A special case of poorly graded soil is the one in which particles are either in excess or deficient called as gap graded soils!

If D10=150 micron, it means 10% particles are finer than 150 micron. . .
Note that D10 is called effective particle size.

For well graded soils 1<Cc<3

For well graded gravels Cu>4
For Well Graded sands Cu>6
For poorly graded soils Cu=1

#Trick?????
G for gavaskar, S for sachin
Gavaskar four(चौका) Marto 😅
Sachin six marto😜

In casagrandes test to find liquid limit water content is found out corresponding to 25 no. Of blows

Plasticity index of sands is zero
Toughness index is (plasticity index/flow index). . .. (#MMRDA 2015)

Sensitivity is always greater than unity and is directly proportional to thixotrophy.

Soil activity was explained by skempton.

Out of various unit weights of soils, saturated unit weight is maximum while submerged unit weight is minimum
( #Gemeraly submerged unit weight is only 50% of saturated weight--------- this point is related to bearing capacity---when water table rises to ground surface unit weight of water falls to 50% hence bearing capacity under submergence condition is reduced by 50%)

Plasticity and activity of montmorilonite is maximum.

Bentoninte is purest form of clay which consist of 98% clay

As compared to normal soils expansive soils have
1. More liquid limit
2. Less plastic limit
3.less shrinkage limit
4.more volumetric shrinkage
5. More plasticity index( from pt. 1 & pt 2)

Clay is finer than 0.002 mm and is flacky in shape(#TRANSCO dec 2016)

Silt is finer than 0.075 mm and coarser than 0.002 mm

Boulders are greater than 300mm
Gravel size is greater than 4.75mm and smaller than 80mm

As per IS 1498:1970😍 classification coarse grained soils are classified into 8 groups while fine grained soils are classified into 10 groups
Thus there are total 18 groups

Eg.
GS would be sandy gravel
Gp - poorly graded gravel
GW- well graded gravel etc

Thats vimp about 1st
2 chapters.
🙏🙏🙏
Join us @MACEDHULE

Soil Mechanics IMP
@macedhule

Maximum void ratio is 0.91(IES)
Minimum void ratio is 0.35(IES)

#void ratio & watercontent has no upper limit.

#porosity can lie within 0 to 100% but not zero and not 100%

#degree of saturation can be zero(dry soil), can be 100%(fully saturated soil, or take intermediate value(moist or partialy saturated soil)

Density index lies between 0-1

Water content can be found out most accurately by oven drying method, and in-situ by Radiation method.

If specific gravity is know then it can be found out by pycnometer also.

Core cutter method and sand replacement method are useful in finding in-situ unit weights of soil {Moist unit weight or bulk unit weight}

Specific gravity can be found out by pycnometer and indirectly by shrinkage limit.
(NOTE-Degree of saturation at shrinkage limit is 1)

For organic soils specific gravity ranges in 1.2-1.4
And for inorganic soils it is,
2.65-2.80{ex. Sand}


Sedimentation analysis consist of pipette analysis and hydrometer method

There are "3" corrections in hydrometer method.
Meniscus correction(+ve)
Deflocculating agent correction(-ve)
Temp. Correction.
+ve........ T>27°C
-ve..........T<27°C


Well graded soils have a greater compaction property .

Poorly garaded or uniformly graded consist of same grain size hence voids are there.

A special case of poorly graded soil is the one in which particles are either in excess or deficient called as gap graded soils! (Also called skip graded)

If D10=150 micron, it means 10% particles are finer than 150 micron. . .
Note that D10 is called effective particle size.



D50-Average size

D100- denotes the size of largest particle in the soil.

For well graded soils 1<Cc<3

For well graded gravels Cu>4
For Well Graded sands Cu>6
For poorly graded soils Cu=1

#Trick?????
G for gavaskar, S for sachin
Gavaskar four(चौका) Marto 😅
Sachin six marto😜

In casagrandes test to find liquid limit water content is found out corresponding to 25 no. Of blows

Plasticity index of sands is zero.

Toughness index is (plasticity index/flow index). . .. (#MMRDA 2015)

Sensitivity is always greater than unity and is directly proportional to thixotrophy.

Soil activity was explained by skempton.

Soil activity denotes swelling potential of soil.

@macedhule

Out of various unit weights of soils, unit weight of solids is maximum while submerged unit weight is minimum
( #Generaly submerged unit weight is only 50% of saturated weight--------- this point is related to bearing capacity---when water table rises to ground surface unit weight of water falls to 50% hence bearing capacity under submergence condition is reduced by 50%)

Plasticity and activity of montmorilonite is maximum.

Bentoninte is purest form of clay which consist of 98% clay.

Bentonite is also called drilling mud which is used as a lubricant.

@macedhule

As compared to normal soils expansive soils have
1. More liquid limit
2. Less plastic limit
3.less shrinkage limit
4.more volumetric shrinkage
5. More plasticity index( from pt. 1 & pt 2)

Clay is finer than 0.002 mm and is flacky in shape(#TRANSCO dec 2016)

@macedhule

Silt is finer than 0.075 mm and coarser than 0.002 mm

Boulders are greater than 300mm
Gravel size is greater than 4.75mm and smaller than 80mm

As per IS 1498:1970😍
coarse grained soils are classified into 8 groups while fine grained soils are classified into 10 groups
Thus there are total 18 groups

Eg.
GS would be sandy gravel
Gp - poorly graded gravel
GW- well graded gravel etc

@macedhule

3)Isogonic line:- The line joining the places of same declination.

4) Isohypes:- The line joining the points of equal elevation or height.

5) Isobath:- The line joining the points of equal depth of sea water.

6) Isobar:- The line joining the points of equal atmospheric pressure.

7) Isohaline:- The line joining the ocean regions of equal salinity.

8) Isohel:- The line joining the points of equal period of insolation.

9) Isohytes:- The line joining the points of equal precipitation.

10) Isonif:- The line joining the points of equal snow

11) Isocline:- The line of equal magnetic dip.

12) Isophyte:- The line joining the points of equal height vegetations.

13) Isochrone:- The line joining the points of equal time of flow

14) Isotach:- The line in the weather maps, showing the points of equal wind velocity.

15) Isorymes:- Lines of equal frost.

#Markourwords-9


Infiltration-

👉Explained by Horton by means of infiltration curve.
👉Entry of water in the ground
👉Ability of infiltration is called infiltration capacity(Fc)
👉Infiltration per unit time at any particular instant is called the Rate of infiltration(Fr)
👉Infiltration Rate decreases Exponentially with time.
👉Initialy the rate of infiltration is maximum.
👉Area under the infiltration curve upto some instance gives,
Total depth of infiltration upto that instant.


👉Infiltration rate is minimum of
1.Intensity of rainfall.
2.Infiltration capacity.

👉Infiltration index-

It is the average loss rate such that the rate of rainfall in excess of this rate will be available as direct runoff.

👉Hyetograph-
Graph of intensity of rainfall vs time.
Area under the hyetograph gives Total depth of rainfall


👉We can separate direct runoff and Infiltration loss by merging infiltration curve and hyetograph.

👉Area of hyetograph above infiltration curve-Direct runoff (Called Rainfall excess or Effective rainfall)


👉Duration of storm in which we get Rainfall excess(runoff) is called -effective storm duration or period of rainfall excess. ( tre )

👉Any Hyetograph Drawn for runoff only is called
effective rainfall hetograph(Supra Rainfall hyetograph)


👉Phi-Index
Average loss rate over period of rainfall excess

👉W-index
Average loss rate over entire storm duration.


👉infiltration characteristics can be estimated by,

Using flooding type infiltrometer
Hydrograph Analysis
Rainfall simulator
Measurement of subsidencr of free water in a large basin or pond.

Join
@MACEDHULE

#Markourwords10


Maximum void ratio is 0.91(IES)
Minimum void ratio is 0.35(IES)

#void ratio & watercontent has no upper limit.

@MACEDHULE

#porosity can lie within 0 to 100% but not zero and not 100%

#degree of saturation can be zero(dry soil), can be 100%(fully saturated soil, or take intermediate value(moist or partialy saturated soil)

Density index lies between 0-1

Water content can be found out most accurately by oven drying method, and in-situ by Radiation method.

@MACEDHULE

If specific gravity is know then it can be found out by pycnometer also.

Core cutter method and sand replacement method are useful in finding in-situ unit weights of soil {Moist unit weight or bulk unit weight}

Specific gravity can be found out by pycnometer and indirectly by shrinkage limit.
(NOTE-Degree of saturation at shrinkage limit is 1)

For organic soils specific gravity ranges in 1.2-1.4
And for inorganic soils it is,
2.65-2.80{ex. Sand}

@MACEDHULE

Sedimentation analysis consist of pipette analysis and hydrometer method

There are "3" corrections in hydrometer method.
Meniscus correction(+ve)
Deflocculating agent correction(-ve)
Temp. Correction.
+ve........ T>27°C
-ve..........T<27°C


Well graded soils have a greater compaction property .

Poorly garaded or uniformly graded consist of same grain size hence voids are there.

A special case of poorly graded soil is the one in which particles are either in excess or deficient called as gap graded soils! (Also called skip graded)