Cervical cerclage, also known as a cervical stitch, is a treatment for cervical incompetence or insufficiency, when the cervix starts to shorten and open too early during a pregnancy causing either a late miscarriage or preterm birth.
#gynecology & #obstetrics
#gynecology & #obstetrics
🧠 Medical Students™ 🧠
Pelvic X-ray
Want to learn a system for reviewing a pelvic X-ray?
My checklist for the pelvic X-ray uses the mnemonic PANAP'S RING OK, so I have no idea who or what PANAP is but that word has got me through many a pelvic X-ray 😆
Breaking PANAP'S RING down:-
🔅Pubic rami: zoom in and check no fracture .
🔅Acetabulum: is there a break in the cortex that looks like a fracture .
🔅Neck of femur: the fracture line can be subtle, check a lateral if available and look at Shenton's line (a line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus and the inferior/medial femoral neck).
If there is any disruption of this then this is probably a fracture in the right clinical context.
At this time look at the greater and lesser trochanters which could be fractured .
🔅Avulsion fracture: in pelvic muscle attachments- avulsion fractures can occur in any of these places - you are looking for a fragment of bone that shouldn't be there .
🔅Pedicles and the lumbar spine don't forget you get a bit of a lumbar X-ray for free so make sure you review this.
🔅Sacro-iliac joints: check for widening or degeneration and sclerosis.
Bilateral involvement characteristically seen in the seronegative arthritides.
🔅RING: draw a mental line around the pelvic ring and obturator foramen - there should not be any disruption. If there is consider a fracture.
To clarify it is important to zoom in and draw around the cortex of each bone but these review areas are where the pathology is commonly seen. I end by zooming all the way out and casting an overview at this point check for any bone lesions you may have missed especially within the iliac bones where overlying gas may make things difficult.
My checklist for the pelvic X-ray uses the mnemonic PANAP'S RING OK, so I have no idea who or what PANAP is but that word has got me through many a pelvic X-ray 😆
Breaking PANAP'S RING down:-
🔅Pubic rami: zoom in and check no fracture .
🔅Acetabulum: is there a break in the cortex that looks like a fracture .
🔅Neck of femur: the fracture line can be subtle, check a lateral if available and look at Shenton's line (a line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus and the inferior/medial femoral neck).
If there is any disruption of this then this is probably a fracture in the right clinical context.
At this time look at the greater and lesser trochanters which could be fractured .
🔅Avulsion fracture: in pelvic muscle attachments- avulsion fractures can occur in any of these places - you are looking for a fragment of bone that shouldn't be there .
🔅Pedicles and the lumbar spine don't forget you get a bit of a lumbar X-ray for free so make sure you review this.
🔅Sacro-iliac joints: check for widening or degeneration and sclerosis.
Bilateral involvement characteristically seen in the seronegative arthritides.
🔅RING: draw a mental line around the pelvic ring and obturator foramen - there should not be any disruption. If there is consider a fracture.
To clarify it is important to zoom in and draw around the cortex of each bone but these review areas are where the pathology is commonly seen. I end by zooming all the way out and casting an overview at this point check for any bone lesions you may have missed especially within the iliac bones where overlying gas may make things difficult.
Here's what happens to your skin when you cut out dairy, according to dermatologists
https://www.thisisinsider.com/can-cutting-out-dairy-clear-your-skin-2018-8
#Dermatology
https://www.thisisinsider.com/can-cutting-out-dairy-clear-your-skin-2018-8
#Dermatology
Insider
Here's what happens to your skin when you cut out dairy, according to dermatologists
The theory that dairy affects your skin is one that's often hotly debated on the internet. To get to the bottom of whether or not cutting out dairy can clear your skin, INSIDER spoke to dermatologists.