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Gravity Dams
It is a masonry structure that increases stability against all applied loads by its weight alone.
It is a permanent type of dam.
It is mostly straight in plan and approximately triangular in cross-section.
The thickness of the dam provides resistance to sliding.
Forces acting on a gravity dam:
1. Dead load or self-weight of the dam
Includes weight of concrete and accessories like piers, gates, bridges, etc.
It is the main stabilizing force.
Acts vertically downwards.
2. Water pressure
Major external force.
When the dam is horizontal, acts horizontally and intensity varies with depth.
3. Uplift pressure
Occurs due to internal hydraulic pressure in pores, cracks within the body of the dam.
Assumed to vary linearly from full reservoir pressure at upstream face to zero or tailwater pressure at downstream face.
4. Earthquake forces
Generates due to earthquake waves in the earth's crust.
These waves impart accelerations and cause movement of the foundation of the dam.
5. Silt Pressure
Occurs when dams are constructed across the river carrying sediments.
6. Ice pressure
Important in cold countries where ice formed on the water surface of the reservoir subjected to expansion and contraction.
7. Wave pressure
Due to the generation of waves on the surface by blowing winds.
Note: All the forces due to water, wave, uplift, etc. are resisted by the weight of the dam
It is a masonry structure that increases stability against all applied loads by its weight alone.
It is a permanent type of dam.
It is mostly straight in plan and approximately triangular in cross-section.
The thickness of the dam provides resistance to sliding.
Forces acting on a gravity dam:
1. Dead load or self-weight of the dam
Includes weight of concrete and accessories like piers, gates, bridges, etc.
It is the main stabilizing force.
Acts vertically downwards.
2. Water pressure
Major external force.
When the dam is horizontal, acts horizontally and intensity varies with depth.
3. Uplift pressure
Occurs due to internal hydraulic pressure in pores, cracks within the body of the dam.
Assumed to vary linearly from full reservoir pressure at upstream face to zero or tailwater pressure at downstream face.
4. Earthquake forces
Generates due to earthquake waves in the earth's crust.
These waves impart accelerations and cause movement of the foundation of the dam.
5. Silt Pressure
Occurs when dams are constructed across the river carrying sediments.
6. Ice pressure
Important in cold countries where ice formed on the water surface of the reservoir subjected to expansion and contraction.
7. Wave pressure
Due to the generation of waves on the surface by blowing winds.
Note: All the forces due to water, wave, uplift, etc. are resisted by the weight of the dam
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