قطعة ابن سينا

1) Husayn ibn Abdullah Ibn Sina is well known in the Arab world
simply as «Ibn Sina». He is also well known in the West by the
name «Avicenna» which simplifies the pronunciation. In 980 A.D.
Avicenna was born in Bukhara which is now part of Russia and
known as Uzben. By the age of 10, he was already proficient in the
Qur'an and Arabic classics. By the age of 16, he finished Islamic
law studies, geometry, anatomy, logic and philosophy. By the age of
18 he completed the study of medicine. Soon after that, he became
the Prime Minister and the physician of the Ruler of Bukhara. The
Ruler was impressed by the intelligence and endurance of his Prime
Minister and opened for him Library which was unique in its
literary richness.


2) Avicenna's life was extraordinarily exhausting. All day long he
was busy with his patients and government work. At night, he was
busy lecturing and writing books. After many years of hard work
and many achievements, Avicenna died in 1037 A.D. at the age of
.57



3) Avicenna wrote 100 treatises: 21 of them were major of which 16
were in medicine. He wrote a book in medicine named Al Qanon fi
Al Tibb. It was translated into many languages. Al Qanon fi Al Tibb
is an encyclopedia containing more than one million words. It
consists of five volumes.

قطعة المباني التاريخية

The buildings and monuments that we can see today at Mada'in
Saleh are remnants of the great and very rich Nabatean kingdom.
Other famous buildings of this civilization are found in northern
Syria and in Petra in Jordan, which was the Nabatean capital

قطعة الورق

1) The paper we use today is made by machine. Trees are cut up
and processed into a mixture called wood pulp. The pulp,
containing tiny cellulose fibers, is pressed and rolled out to form
sheets of paper.


2) The first manmade writing material was not paper. About 4,000
years ago, the ancient Egyptians took the fibrous stems of the
papyrus plant, flattened them, laid them crosswise and pressed
them down to stick them together. When dried, this made a piece of
papyrus that could be written on.


3) Paper was first made in China around the year 105 CE by a man
called Ts'ailun. He found a way to make paper from the stringy
inner bark of the mulberry tree. The bark was pounded in water to
separate the fibers. This mixture was then poured into a bamboo
tray to let the water drain out. After that, the soft mat of paper was
moved onto a smooth, flat surface to dry. Later, someone
discovered that the paper could be improved by brushing it with
starch to make it stronger.


4) Chinese traders travelled around Asia as far as Samarkand.
There, they met with Arab merchants who learned the secret of
making paper and took it to Spain. Afterwards, the art of
papermaking spread throughout the rest of Europe.


5) Since then, many kinds of machines have been invented and
improved methods discovered for making paper. One of the most
important, for example, was a machine developed in France in
1798. This machine could make a continuous sheet or web of paper.
Before, paper could only be produced in separate sheets.

اسمع الصوت و جاوب على الاسئلة 👇🏻🎧

اسمع الصوت و جاوب على الاسئلة 👇🏻🎧