A patient with lung cancer and pneumonia passes away. The physician plans to record lung cancer as the cause of death, but the family insists that pneumonia was the cause. What is the most appropriate action?

A patient who underwent colectomy was given 4 weeks of sick leave. She mentions that a friend who had the same surgery received 6 weeks and requests an extension. What is the most appropriate response?

A doctor miscalculated a drug dose for a child, prescribing a higher dose than appropriate for the child’s weight. The nurse administered it without correction. How could this situation have been avoided?

An increasing incidence of acute gastroenteritis among hospital staff. 15/50 employees developed similar symptoms. Preliminary interviews reveal that all affected individuals ate food from the same restaurant before symptom onset. What is the next step?

A doctor has recently been coming to work drowsy and has made minor mistakes. Other physicians have noticed that he sometimes has slurred speech, and there are rumors that he might be abusing drugs or alcohol. What is the most appropriate next step?

Researchers conducted a study showing that a new surgical technique is superior to the old one. The study involved a small group of patients, and now they want to apply the results to a larger population by combining their findings with similar studies.

There is a spread of infection among the residents. Out of 200 residents, 40 show symptoms. What is the definition of a cumulative prevalence?

A patient with osteoarthritis is advised for knee replacement surgery. The physician does not discuss other management options such as NSAIDs or physiotherapy because he will receive payment for performing the surgery. What is the most appropriate action?

A physician who has been practicing medicine for 10 years realizes he has limited knowledge about immunotherapy. Since he manages patients receiving such treatment, he wants to improve his understanding to provide optimal care. What should he do?

At the beginning of the year, a population of 10,000 had zero cases of influenza. During the year, 500 new cases were reported. What is the incidence rate of influenza in this population?

A 35-year-old woman with multiple comorbidities arrives at the ER unconscious and requiring CPR. Her family says she previously expressed at home that she does not want life-saving measures. What should you do?

A patient with DM and HTN on lisinopril is admitted for surgery; after the operation, he was given only IV heparin, without continuation or documentation of his chronic lisinopril therapy. Which of the following represents the critical mistake?

During a surgical procedure, some trainee doctors are not familiar with the operative steps, and a nurse asks the surgeon about the post-operative plan; which approach represents best practice?

An epidemiologist wants to calculate number of cases of a specific disease that come to the city; he provides 14 different numbers, and the goal is to determine how many cases occur over different periods of time; which statistical measure should be used?

A 7-year-old child had a febrile seizure and was transported by emergency medical dispatch; the mother wants to inform the school about the child’s condition; what is the appropriate role of the EMD regarding her concern?

PSA is used to screen prostate cancer, but due to its low specificity it leads to extra biopsies. Authorities are unsure whether PSA should be used for all men above 50 or only high-risk. When choosing a screening test, which criterion should it include?

A psychiatrist is writing clinical notes on his personal phone for a patient with depression. The notes contain critical and sensitive patient information. What is the mistake made in this situation?