A physician who has been practicing medicine for 10 years realizes he has limited knowledge about immunotherapy. Since he manages patients receiving such treatment, he wants to improve his understanding to provide optimal care. What should he do?

At the beginning of the year, a population of 10,000 had zero cases of influenza. During the year, 500 new cases were reported. What is the incidence rate of influenza in this population?

A 35-year-old woman with multiple comorbidities arrives at the ER unconscious and requiring CPR. Her family says she previously expressed at home that she does not want life-saving measures. What should you do?

A patient with DM and HTN on lisinopril is admitted for surgery; after the operation, he was given only IV heparin, without continuation or documentation of his chronic lisinopril therapy. Which of the following represents the critical mistake?

During a surgical procedure, some trainee doctors are not familiar with the operative steps, and a nurse asks the surgeon about the post-operative plan; which approach represents best practice?

An epidemiologist wants to calculate number of cases of a specific disease that come to the city; he provides 14 different numbers, and the goal is to determine how many cases occur over different periods of time; which statistical measure should be used?

A 7-year-old child had a febrile seizure and was transported by emergency medical dispatch; the mother wants to inform the school about the child’s condition; what is the appropriate role of the EMD regarding her concern?

PSA is used to screen prostate cancer, but due to its low specificity it leads to extra biopsies. Authorities are unsure whether PSA should be used for all men above 50 or only high-risk. When choosing a screening test, which criterion should it include?

A psychiatrist is writing clinical notes on his personal phone for a patient with depression. The notes contain critical and sensitive patient information. What is the mistake made in this situation?

What does DNR mean?

A 60-year-old man with bowel obstruction requires hospital admission but refuses despite medical advice. What is the best action?

A teenager with acne is treated with retinoids. The physician wants to post before-and-after photos on TikTok. What is the most appropriate action?

A woman presents with unexplained weight loss. A biopsy is performed, and the results confirm ovarian cancer. What is the most appropriate way to break the bad news to the patient?

An old man with lung cancer presents to the ER with bowel obstruction. He had previously discussed DNR, but no official documentation was completed. During surgery, the patient develops cardiac arrest. What is the appropriate action?

An orthopedic surgeon recommends a surgical intervention, which is more expensive than alternatives. The surgeon receives a bonus for each patient and did not explain alternative non-surgical options. What is the main ethical issue in this scenario?