A psychiatrist is writing clinical notes on his personal phone for a patient with depression. The notes contain critical and sensitive patient information. What is the mistake made in this situation?

What does DNR mean?

A 60-year-old man with bowel obstruction requires hospital admission but refuses despite medical advice. What is the best action?

A teenager with acne is treated with retinoids. The physician wants to post before-and-after photos on TikTok. What is the most appropriate action?

A woman presents with unexplained weight loss. A biopsy is performed, and the results confirm ovarian cancer. What is the most appropriate way to break the bad news to the patient?

An old man with lung cancer presents to the ER with bowel obstruction. He had previously discussed DNR, but no official documentation was completed. During surgery, the patient develops cardiac arrest. What is the appropriate action?

An orthopedic surgeon recommends a surgical intervention, which is more expensive than alternatives. The surgeon receives a bonus for each patient and did not explain alternative non-surgical options. What is the main ethical issue in this scenario?

In a study observing 1000 people for one year, 15 individuals develop breast cancer. How should this incidence be correctly interpreted?

In a cohort study assessing the effect of diet on cardiac disease, two groups are followed: one group with a poor diet (exposed) and another with a healthy diet (unexposed). The study asks: what does the relative risk measure?

A surgeon with a record of many successful surgeries is requested by the hospital to expand his practice to perform complex vascular surgeries. He has not completed formal training or certification in vascular surgery. What is the most appropriate action?

A health team visits hospitals and laboratories weekly during influenza season to collect information about influenza cases in the town. What type of surveillance is this?

A nurse calls the resident to inform him about a patient who was transferred to the ICU after an emergency CS for uterine rupture. The nurse asks the resident to come and evaluate the patient. What is the communication used?

Researchers aim to study the relationship between pediatric age groups and obesity. The study includes multiple objectives and more than three diagnostic categories for obesity. What is the most appropriate statistical test to use?

A physician recommends a medication that is more expensive. It is later revealed that the physician was paid to give a lecture at a conference sponsored by the pharmaceutical company that manufactures the drug. What is the main ethical concern?