🔴 University of Calcutta

🔴 BA/Bsc 2nd Semester

🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)

🔴 Subject = English (Essay, Drama and Novel)

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🔴 2.B) Comment on George Orwell’s attitude on imperialism as revealed in ‘Shooting an Elephant’.

🔴 University of Calcutta

🔴 BA/Bsc 2nd Semester

🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)

🔴 Subject = English (Essay, Drama and Novel)

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🔴 3.C) Discuss George Bernard Shaw’s Arms and the Man as an anti-romantic comedy.

Answer = Arms and the Man is a comedy in the broadest sense of the word, meaning it is not a tragedy: nobody dies and nothing terrible happens. It's also a comedy in the narrower sense that its situation is played for laughs: it is a light-hearted caper about mishaps in love and war.

It's anti-romantic, however, in that it is an attack on stereotyped notions of romantic love and war heroism. (Romance, in general, paints an idealized picture of the world.) Bluntschli, the play's real hero, is a deserter who carries chocolate bullets rather than real bullets that could kill. He tells the truth about the war rather than a fairy story, saying for example:

Soldiering, my dear madam, is the coward's art of attacking mercilessly when you are strong, and keeping out of harm's way when you are weak. That is the whole secret of successful fighting.

He exposes Sergius, Raina's fiancé, supposedly a dashing and brave army officer, as a man who won his recent battle only because the other side was more grossly incompetent than he was. The play also reveals Sergius as only pretending to be in love with the upper-class Raina, while carrying on with her maid. The play, though lighthearted, punctures romanticized ideals of love and war.

🔴 University of Calcutta

🔴 BA/Bsc 2nd Semester

🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)

🔴 Subject = English (Essay, Drama and Novel)

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🔴 3.A) What role does the Forest of Arden play in William Shakespeare’s As You Like It?

🔴 University of Calcutta

🔴 BA/Bsc 2nd Semester

🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)

🔴 Subject = English (Essay, Drama and Novel)

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🔴 4.B) Discuss the role of chance and coincidences in Thomas Hardy’s The Mayor of Casterbridge.

Answer = Role of Chance and Incidence in Mayor of Casterbridge :-

By Smita Pradhan:

In Thomas Hardy's “The Mayor of Casterbridge” the unexpected and undesired things always happen. Chance and coincidence play very significant role in the novel. We find striking role of chance and fate in the course of events. Fate and chance in every case is the decisive factor. According to Thomas Hardy “an evil power rules the human destinies which thwart all human efforts at making or improving our lots”.

In this particular novel, the central character Henchard is repeatedly haunted by the agents of hostility. Fate constantly tails him due to his own actions; his own actions are responsible for his miseries or sufferings. The irony of fate seems to have free role in the novel. Several incidents prove that destiny plays a vital role on man.

Firstly, the return of Susan to Henchard after a long period of eighteen years is a pure chance. She comes back to him when Henchard was planning to marry Lucetta. After the return of his wife,Henchard is completely in a mess. But finally he takes back Susan.

Secondly, Henchard discovers that Elizabeth-Jane is not his real daughter. Henchard and Susan's child had died and the other baby which Susan had by Newson had been named as Elizabeth Jane. When this truth was revealed, all his love for Elizabeth Jane vanished. This made Henchard very sad and he suddenly grows bitter and anger.


Thirdly, the entirely unexpected appearance of the old furmity seller in Casterbridge to drive the last nail in Henchard's coffin is another chance of event. First she appears at Weydon-priors village. Then suddenly reappears in Casterbridge. She is the only eye witness to the wife-auctioning episode and her reappearance is totally another play of chance.
Fourthly weather fluctuation is another chance of fate in the novel. When Henchard arranges an entertainment show, a freak rain sets in and disturbs his function. On the other hand Farfrae's function proved a great success.
And finally the sudden arrival of Newson who was rumored drowned is another chance in the novel.

So here in this novel we find that Hardy believed in the operation of fatal forces hovering all around us and driving us to our doings.

🔴 University of Calcutta

🔴 BA/Bsc 2nd Semester

🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)

🔴 Subject = English (Essay, Drama and Novel)

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1.C) To whom was Louka engaged in Arms and the Man?

Answer = Nicola

1.D) Discuss the role of chance and coincidences in Thomas Hardy’s The Mayor of Casterbridge.

Answer = The two participants of the wrestling match were Orlando and a practiced wrestler.

1.E) What does Susan confess to her husband?

Answer = In the letter, Susan confesses that Elizabeth-Jane is actually Newson's daughter. The Elizabeth-Jane that was sold with Susan died three months

🔴 University of Calcutta

🔴 BA/BSC 2nd Semester

🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)

🔴 Subject = English

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🔴 University of Calcutta

🔴 BA/BSC 2nd Semester

🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)

🔴 Subject = Economic


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🔴 University of Calcutta

🔴 BA/BSC 2nd Semester

🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)

🔴 Subject = Economics

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🔴 Group - A

1.A) Write a short note on the types of family.

Answer = Gross national product (GNP) is the value of all goods and services made by a country's residents and businesses, regardless of production location. GNP counts the investments made by U.S. residents and businesses—both inside and outside the country—and computes the value of all products manufactured by domestic companies, regardless of where they are made.


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1.C) What do you mean by devaluation of currency?

Answer = Devaluation, the deliberate downward adjustment in the official exchange rate, reduces the currency's value; in contrast, a revaluation is an upward change in the currency's value. ... To devalue, it might announce that from now on 20 of its currency units will be equal to one dollar.


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1.D) Mention two methods of correcting the disequilibrium in the Balance of Payments.

Answer = Method 1# Trade Policy Measures: Expanding Exports and Restraining Imports:
Trade policy measures to improve the balance of payments refer to the measures adopted to promote exports and reduce imports.
Exports may be encouraged by reducing or abolishing export duties and lowering the interest rate on credit used for financing exports. Exports are also encour­aged by granting subsidies to manufacturers and exporters.

Method 2# Expenditure-Reducing Policies: The important way to reduce imports and thereby reduce deficit in balance of payments is to adopt monetary and fiscal policies that aim at reducing aggregate expenditure in the economy. The fall in aggregate expenditure or aggregate demand in the economy works to reduce imports and help in solving the balance of payments problem.

1.E) What is bank rate?

Answer = A bank rate is the interest rate at which a nation's central bank lends money to domestic banks, often in the form of very short-term loans. Managing the bank rate is a method by which central banks affect economic activity.

Group A
1.B

🔴 University of Calcutta

🔴 BA/BSC 2nd Semester

🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)

🔴 Subject = Economics

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🔴 Group - A

1.A) Write a short note on the types of family.

Answer = Gross national product (GNP) is the value of all goods and services made by a country's residents and businesses, regardless of production location. GNP counts the investments made by U.S. residents and businesses—both inside and outside the country—and computes the value of all products manufactured by domestic companies, regardless of where they are made.


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1.C) What do you mean by devaluation of currency?

Answer = Devaluation, the deliberate downward adjustment in the official exchange rate, reduces the currency's value; in contrast, a revaluation is an upward change in the currency's value. ... To devalue, it might announce that from now on 20 of its currency units will be equal to one dollar.


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1.D) Mention two methods of correcting the disequilibrium in the Balance of Payments.

Answer = Method 1# Trade Policy Measures: Expanding Exports and Restraining Imports:
Trade policy measures to improve the balance of payments refer to the measures adopted to promote exports and reduce imports.
Exports may be encouraged by reducing or abolishing export duties and lowering the interest rate on credit used for financing exports. Exports are also encour­aged by granting subsidies to manufacturers and exporters.

Method 2# Expenditure-Reducing Policies: The important way to reduce imports and thereby reduce deficit in balance of payments is to adopt monetary and fiscal policies that aim at reducing aggregate expenditure in the economy. The fall in aggregate expenditure or aggregate demand in the economy works to reduce imports and help in solving the balance of payments problem.


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1.E) What is bank rate?

Answer = A bank rate is the interest rate at which a nation's central bank lends money to domestic banks, often in the form of very short-term loans. Managing the bank rate is a method by which central banks affect economic activity.


1.F) What is Broad Money?

Answer = Broad money is a category for measuring the amount of money circulating in an economy. It is defined as the most inclusive method of calculating a given country's money supply, and includes narrow money along with other assets that can be easily converted into cash to buy goods and services.

1.G) Define marginal propensity to consume.

Answer = In economics, the marginal propensity to consume is a metric that quantifies induced consumption, the concept that the increase in personal consumer spending occurs with an increase in disposable income. The proportion of disposable income which individuals spend on consumption is known as propensity to consume.

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1.H) What is balanced budget multiplier?

Answer = A situation in which a government increases spending and taxes at a rate that keeps its budget in balance. It is thought that some of the money collected in increased taxes comes from what people otherwise would have saved.

1.i) What is High Powered Money?

Answer = High powered money refers to the money produced by RBI and government of India. It can also be defined as the total liability of monetary authority of the country and RBI. It consists of –Currency in hands of public. -Cash reserve of commercial banks.


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1.J) What is transfer income?

Answer = Transfer incomes are basically non-exhaustive meaning they actually do not contribute to any capacity building or capital formation.Rather these are governments spending on providing benefits to various vulnerable sections of the society i.e, subsidies,providing income to unemployed people,interest subvention etc.

Like In India,the government provide lots of subsidies for farmers so as to reduce their cost burden and reduce the cost of production for some products like farmer produce etc

1.K) State Say’s Law of markets.

Answer = Say’s Law of Markets states that the supply of a good or service creates demand for that good or service. Jean Baptiste Say, a classical French economist, studied the nature of markets in his 1803 book “Treatise on Political Economy” and put forth the view that supply creates its own demand and that economic agents must first engage in production before they can demand goods and services in the market.

🔴 University of Calcutta

🔴 BA/BSC 2nd Semester

🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)

🔴 Subject = Economics

🔴 Group A Completed

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