After a decade of the enactment of the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, the Supreme Court is now ready to consider pleas seeking its review.

Important for GS-II: Judiciary

Prelims Focus: Courts, appointment of judges, constitutional amendments

@upscwithkunal

#upsc

**India to End Dependence on China:

Government Approves ₹7,280-crore Scheme for Rare Earth Magnets**

Key Points

1. Cabinet Approval

The Central Government has approved a ₹7,280 crore scheme to promote domestic production of rare-earth permanent magnets.

This step aims to reduce India’s dependence on China for critical minerals and magnetic materials.



2. Importance of Rare-Earth Magnets

These minerals are crucial for electric vehicles, wind turbines, electronics, aerospace, defence systems, and several high-technology applications.

Rare-earth magnets are a vital component in advanced global supply chains.



3. PM’s Statement

Prime Minister Narendra Modi stated that increasing domestic manufacturing of rare-earth magnets will strengthen India's industrial base and boost self-reliance in strategic sectors.



4. Concerns Highlighted by the Government

Information and Broadcasting Minister Anurag Thakur mentioned that China and Japan currently dominate the rare-earth magnet market, creating supply vulnerabilities for India.



5. Additional Cabinet Decisions

Approval for:

Doubling of the Dwarka–Kanalus railway line in Gujarat

Third and fourth railway lines between Badlapur and Karjat in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region

Expansion of Pune Metro rail network


Total cost: ₹9,858 crore



6. Production Capacity Target

Aim to create an annual manufacturing capacity of 6,000 tonnes of rare-earth magnets.

The project will include:

Establishment of a unified manufacturing ecosystem

Processing of rare-earth oxides into intermediate materials and magnets




7. Scheme Benefits

Maximum production incentive: ₹1,200 crore per year

Duration: Seven years, including two years for setting up facilities

Components of funding:

₹6,450 crore linked to production-based incentives

₹750 crore for capital support




8. Economic and Strategic Impact

Helps India reduce China's dominance in critical mineral supply chains.

Expected to generate employment and support downstream industries in magnets, defence, and electronics.

Supports the Atmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India) initiative and strengthens national security.



9. Future Outlook

Production is expected to start by 2025, helping India secure stable supplies of strategic materials.

The scheme will position India as an alternative global supplier of rare-earth magnets.

A comprehensive and insightful article on the G20 Summit tracing its journey from inception and global prominence to its current transition towards a middle-power-dominated platform.

The G20 has long been regarded as the only truly global summit where India has played a pivotal role—whether by championing the inclusion of the African Union or consistently advocating for the Global South. However, the recent absence of key leaders from the United States, China, and Russia has raised concerns about the forum’s declining relevance. The U.S. appears increasingly inclined towards bilateral engagement with China through a potential G2 framework, and discussions around the re-entry of Russia into the G7 further complicate the landscape.

In this evolving geopolitical scenario, the East Asia Summit is emerging as a more significant platform for geo-political and geo-economic deliberations, particularly from India's strategic standpoint. Meanwhile, the QUAD, despite its heightened visibility due to its Indo-Pacific focus, remains contingent on shifting U.S. priorities casting uncertainty on its long-term trajectory.

This article holds substantial relevance for GS Paper 2 (International Relations and International Institutions).

#UPSC

@upscwithkunal

Countries bordering Baltic Sea:

Mnemonics:
"Nordic Powers Rule East, Later Linking Poland & Germany"
→ Nordic: Denmark, Sweden, Finland
→ Rule: Russia
→ East: Estonia
→ Later: Latvia
→ Linking: Lithuania
→ Poland & Germany

Centre to table bill for news national security and health cess..

Do you know what is the difference between Cess and Surcharge?

Answer me on @civilsdream

Important for Health, Security, taxation.

#upsc

@upscwithkunal

Article on UPI transaction crossing over 19 billion transactions worth 24.58 Lakh Crore as of November.

Digital India.

Cashless payment

#upsc

@upscwithkunal

Congratulations to those who cleared uppsc prelims

Darjeeling Mandarin Orange Secures GI Tag.

Important for prelims.

#UPSC

Armed forces to procure Heron Mk II under Emergency procurement.

Here, important facts for prelims.

Heron is an UAV

Heron is israeli made UAV

Under Emergency procurement, Amred Forces can procure weapons upto 300Cr.

#upsc

@upscwithkunal

🚨 GST collection of Indian states in November 2025.

Maharashtra – Rs 16,122 crore
Uttar Pradesh – Rs 7,667 crore
Karnataka – Rs 7,574 crore
Tamil Nadu – Rs 6,800 crore
Gujarat – Rs 6,723 crore
Rajasthan – Rs 3,954 crore
Haryana – Rs 3,835 crore
Telangana – Rs 3,910 crore
West Bengal – Rs 3,711 crore
Delhi – Rs 3,035 crore
Kerala – Rs 2,963 crore
Madhya Pradesh – Rs 2,734 crore
Andhra Pradesh – Rs 2,697 crore
Bihar – Rs 2,534 crore
Punjab – Rs 2,225 crore
Odisha – Rs 1,821 crore
Assam – Rs 1,607 crore
Chhattisgarh – Rs 1,357 crore
Jharkhand – Rs 793 crore
Uttarakhand – Rs 847 crore
Jammu & Kashmir – Rs 677 crore
Goa – Rs 397 crore
Chandigarh – Rs 243 crore
Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu – Rs 158 crore
Meghalaya – Rs 152 crore
Puducherry – Rs 133 crore
Arunachal Pradesh – Rs 133 crore
Tripura – Rs 117 crore
Manipur – Rs 102 crore
Nagaland – Rs 94 crore
Sikkim – Rs 84 crore
Ladakh – Rs 77 crore
Mizoram – Rs 73 crore
Andaman & Nicobar Islands – Rs 49 crore
Other Territory – Rs 968 crore

Can you identify the Rabi crops.
You can send your answer to @civilsdream

Do you know where Punatsangchhu II Hydroelectric Power Plant is located?..


Location based question..

UPSCs one of the favourite topic..

#upsc

You can answer to @civilsdream

Indians are currently the highest mobile data consumers in the world.

According to the Ericsson Mobility Report, the India–Nepal–Bhutan region records an average monthly data consumption of 36 GB per user, significantly higher than the global average of around 21 GB.

Moreover, this usage is projected to rise sharply, reaching an estimated 65 GB per user per month by 2031, reflecting the region’s rapid digital expansion and increasing dependence on data-driven services.

Detailed article on India Russia relationship

This article focuses on President Putins recent visit to India and what was the outcome of the same.

Important for GS2 IR

#upsc

Guys, take a Mahāsankalpa that from tomorrow onwards you will solve a minimum of 10 MCQs every day, no matter what the situation is.

Also, share your daily MCQ screenshots with me (@civilsdream).
This practice will help you cultivate a disciplined and productive habit.

Continue this exercise consistently until the Prelims examination.