🩷resent 🩷ontinuous

➕ am/is/are + verb + _ing
ex: He's living in Thailand
➖ am/is/are not + verb + _ing
ex: I'm not living in Thailand
⁉ am/is/are... + verb + _ing?
ex: Are they living in Thailand?

We use the present continuous:
🔵 to talk about temporary situations;
🔵 to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking;
🔵 to talk about trends or changing situations;
🔵 to talk about things that happen more often than expected, often to show envy or to criticise with words like always, constantly, continually, forever.


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✨ Fill in the gaps which the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

🩷 I'm busy right now. I ... ... ( fill in ) an application form for a new job.
🩷 My tutor ... ... ( see ) me for a tutorial every Monday at two o'clock.
🩷 John ... ...(not/study) very hard at the moment. I ... ... (not/think) he’ll pass his exams.
❤️ ‘What ... ... (he/do)?' ‘He ... ... (try) to fix the television aerial.’
🩷 Animals ... ... (breathe in) oxygen and ... ... (give out) carbon dioxide.
🩷 Be quiet! I ... ... (want) to hear the news.
🩷 In my country we ... ... (drive) on the right-hand side of the road.
🩷 My friend Joe’s parents ... ... (travel) round the world this summer, and probably won’t be back for a couple of months.
🩷 The college ... ... (run) the same course every year.
🩷🩷 Numbers of wild butterflies ... ... (fall) as a result of changes in farming methods.

🩷 Leave the answers in the comments

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🩷ast 🩷imple

➕ verb + -ed (or -d)
ex: He worked for the police.
➖ did not + verb
ex: She didn't work for the police
⁉ did ... + verb?
ex: Did they work for the police?

We use the past simple:
📍 to talk about single past completed actions;
📍 to give a series of actions in the order that they happened;
📍 to talk about past repeated actions;
📍 to talk about long-term situations in the past which are no longer true;

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🩷ast 🩷ontinuous

➕was/were + verb + -ing
ex: She was watching the news.
➖ was/were not + verb + -ing
ex: They weren’t watching the news.
⁉ was/were ... + verb + -ing?
ex: Were you watching the news?

We use the past continuous:
🌟to provide the background scene to an action or event (usually in the past simple);
🌟when we want to emphasize the activity without focusing on it's completion;


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🩷sed to and 🩷ould

➕used to / would + infinitive
ex: She used to / would lock the door
➖ did not + use to + infinitive
ex: I didn ’t use to lock the door
❓did ... use to + infinitive?
ex: Did they use to lock the door?

❕ We use used to + infinitive or would + infinitive (contracted to ’d in spoken English) to talk about past repeated actions;
❕ We use used to + infinitive to talk about permanent situations that are usually no longer true;
❕ We do not use used to if we want to talk about how long the situation lasted;
❕ We do not use would with state verbs.

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🩷resent 🩷erfect 🩷imple

➕have/has + past participle
ex: She’s started the assignment
➖have/has not + past participle
ex: haven’t started the assignment
❓have/has ... + past participle?
ex: Have you started the assignment?

❕ We use the present perfect simple:
📍to talk about a time period that is not finished (e.g. today, this week);
📍to show that something happened at some point in the past before now. We don’t state when it happened;
📍to talk about a present situation which started in the past, usually with for/since;
📍to talk about something that happened at an unstated time in the past but is connected to the present;

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🩷resent 🩷erfect 🩷ontinuous

❕ We can use either the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous to say how long a situation or activity has been going on (often with /or or since):
🌟I've felt tired for weeks.
🌟I've been feeling tired since I started this course.
🌟I've worked at the restaurant since I moved here.
🌟I've been working at the restaurant for three years.

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💕ast 💕erfect 💕imple

➕ had + past participle
ex: They had listened to his music;
➖ had not + past participle
ex: They hadn't listened to his music;
❓ had ... + past participle?
ex: Had they listened to his music;

We use the past perfect simple:
🤩when we are talking about the past and want to mention something that happened earlier;
🤩with words like when, as soon as, by the time, after to show the order of events;
🤩to talk about an indefinite time before a particular point in the past, often with words like always, sometimes, never, before, by + fixed time;
🤩to report past events using reporting verbs;

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🎀ast 🎀erfect 🎀ontinuous

➕had been + verb + -ing
ex: She'd been studying for ages.
🎀had not been + verb + -ing
ex: He hadn’t been studying for long
🎀had ... been + verb + ing?
ex: Had you been studying for long?

🎀We use the past perfect continuous to focus on how long an activity continued or to focus on the activity itself;
🎀We cannot use the past perfect continuous to say how many times something happened;

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🔤resent 🔤ontinuous 🔤ense
🔤Hozirgi davomiy zamon🔤

🔤Tuzilishi (Structure):
am / is / are + fe’l-ing

🧩 Formulalar:
• I am + V-ing
• He / She / It is + V-ing
• You / We / They are + V-ing

🔤Qachon ishlatiladi?
1. Hozir ayni damda bo‘layotgan ish uchun:
🔤I am studying English now.
(Men hozir ingliz tilini o‘qiyapman.)
2. Vaqtinchalik holatlar uchun:
🔤She is living in Tashkent these days.
(U hozirda Toshkentda yashayapti.)
3. Oldindan rejalashtirilgan yaqin kelajakdagi ishlar uchun:
🔤We are meeting our teacher tomorrow.
(Ertaga o‘qituvchimiz bilan uchrashamiz.)

💌E’tibor bering!
Quyidagi so‘zlar bilan odatda Present Continuous ishlatilmaydi:
love, like, know, believe, understand, want, need

❌ I am knowing you.
✅I know you.

🔑 Kalit so‘zlar (Signal words):

➡️now, right now, at the moment, today, currently, these days

✍️ Misollar:
• She is cooking dinner right now🍳
• They are playing football⚽️
• I am writing a post about grammar✏️

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🔤rammar 🔤xercises

🧠 To‘ldirish mashqi (Fill in the blanks)
Qavs ichidagi fe’lni Present Continuous shaklida yozing.
1️⃣ She ___ (read) a book now.
2️⃣ They ___ (play) football in the yard.
3️⃣ I ___ (cook) dinner at the moment.
7️⃣ He ___ (not / sleep) right now.
5️⃣ ___ you ___ (watch) TV?


🤓 To‘g‘ri shaklni tanlang (Choose the correct form)
1️⃣ She (is / are / am) cleaning her room.
2️⃣ I (am / is / are) not listening to music.
3️⃣ What (is / are / am) they doing?
7️⃣ He (is playing / play / plays) basketball.
5️⃣ We (is study / are studying / studying) English.


✍️Gap tuzing (Make sentences)
So‘zlardan to‘g‘ri tartibda Present Continuous gap tuzing.
1️⃣ (now / is / she / dancing) →
2️⃣ (cooking / what / are / you) →
3️⃣ (the baby / crying / is / not) →
7️⃣ (I / my / doing / homework / am) →
5️⃣ (talking / they / are / on the phone) →


🤔 Tarjima mashqi (Translate into English)
1️⃣ U televizor koryapti.
2️⃣ Men hozir kitob oqiyapman.
3️⃣ Ular bog‘da yugurishyapti.
7️⃣ U uxlayotgani yo‘q.
5️⃣ Sen nimani qilyapsan?

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🕰 🔤ast 🔤erfect 🔤imple

Past Perfect - o‘tmishda boshqa bir o‘tgan ish yoki voqeadan oldin bo‘lib o‘tgan harakatni ifodalaydi.

🧩 Tuzilishi (Structure):
Subject + had + V³ (Past Participle)
🤩I had finished my homework before my mother came home.
(Onam uyga kelguncha men uy vazifamni tugatgandim.)

❌ Inkori (Negative form):
Subject + had not (hadn’t) + V³
🤩She hadn’t eaten before the meeting.
(U yig‘ilishdan oldin ovqatlanmagan edi.)

❓ So‘roq shakli (Question form):
Had + subject + V³
🤩Had you seen the movie before?
(Sen filmni avval ko‘rganmiding?)

📚 Qachon ishlatiladi?
1️⃣Ikki o‘tgan ish orasida birinchisini ko‘rsatish uchun:
• She had left when I arrived.
(Men kelganimda u ketib bo‘lgan edi.)
2️⃣“before”, “after”, “when”, “by the time” kabi so‘zlar bilan:
• By the time we arrived, the film had started.
(Biz yetib kelguncha, film boshlab bo‘lgan edi.)
3️⃣Sababni ifodalaganda:
• He was tired because he had worked all day.
(U charchagan edi, chunki u butun kun ishlagan edi.)
⚙️ Yordamchi so‘z:
had — barcha shaxslar uchun bir xil:
🤩I had
🤩You had
🤩He/She/It had
🤩We had
🤩They had
Qisqartma shaklda: ’d
🤩I’d gone, she’d finished, they’d seen, va hokazo.

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🔤ast 🔤erfect 🔤ontinuous 🔤ense

Qachon ishlatiladi?
💜O‘tmishda boshlangan va o‘sha o‘tmishdagi bir nuqtagacha davom etgan harakatni ifodalaydi.

🧩 Formula:
Subject + had been + V-ing
🔤I / He / She / It — had been working
🔤 We / You / They — had been studying

💬Misollar:
📗 I had been studying English for two years before I moved to London.
🔤 Men Londonga ko‘chishimdan oldin ikki yil ingliz tili o‘qiyotgan edim.
📗She was tired because she had been working all day.
🔤U charchagan edi, chunki butun kun ishlayotgan edi.

❌Inkor shakli:
had not been + V-ing
📗I hadn’t been feeling well before the trip.

❓ Savol shakli:
Had + subject + been + V-ing?
📗Had you been working before you started studying?

🪵🪵🪵
🧠 Asosiy ma’no:
✅O‘tmishdagi bir nuqtagacha davom etgan harakatni bildiradi.
✅Sabab va natija orasidagi bog‘liqlikni tushuntiradi.
🪵🪵🪵
🧠 Esda tut:
Past Perfect Continuous – “qancha vaqt davomida” degan savollarga javob beradi.
⏱️ How long had you been studying English before 2020?

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🔤uture 🔤ense

💬 How do we talk about the future in English?
Kelajakdagi reja, taxmin yoki qarorlarni ifodalash uchun odatda “will” va “be going to” ishlatiladi. Keling, farqini ko‘rib chiqamiz 👇

🌟Will – kelajakdagi qaror, taklif yoki taxmin.
“Will” biz gapirish paytida qaror qabul qilgan yoki ishonch bildirayotgan holatlarda ishlatiladi.
🧠 Formula:
➡️Subject + will + base verb
🌟 Examples:
• I will help you with your homework. (Hozir qaror qildi)
• It will rain tomorrow. (Taxmin)
• She will be a great teacher. (Ishonch)
🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟
🌟 Be going to – reja yoki aniq dalil asosidagi taxmin
“Be going to” esa oldindan rejalashtirilgan ishlar yoki dalilga asoslangan taxminlar uchun ishlatiladi.
🧠 Formula:
➡️Subject + am/is/are + going to + base verb
🌟 Examples:
• I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend. (Oldindan reja)
• Look at those clouds! It is going to rain. (Dalilga asoslangan taxmin)
• They are going to study English at university. (Aniq reja)
🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟

🌟 Will vs Going to — Farqi qisqacha:
🟢Will:
💬Gapirish paytida qabul qilingan qaror
💬Oddiy taxmin yoki ishonch
💬Taklif yoki va’da bildirishda ishlatiladi
🟢Going to:
💬 Oldindan rejalashtirilgan ish-harakat
💬 Dalilga asoslangan taxmin (ko‘rinib turgan narsa asosida)
💬 Aniq niyat yoki tayyorlangan reja
🌟 Xulosa:
🌟Will — qaror yoki taxmin uchun
🌟Going to — reja yoki dalilga asoslangan taxmin uchun

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🇺🇸 Assalomu alaykum, dear subscribers!
Biroz vaqt channel faoliyatida tanaffus yuzaga kelgani uchun hammangizdan uzr so'rayman. Biz sizni missed qildik! Endilikda kanalni yanada kuchli energy, yangi va foydali contentlar bilan qayta tiklayapmiz.
Are you ready? 🔥
Biz bilan birga qolganingiz uchun thank you! Tez kunda yana qiziqarli lessonlar, foydali grammar qoidalari va testlarni start qilamiz 🇺🇸

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🔤eferring to 🔤ouns

💬How do we refer to nouns in English?
Ingliz tilida otlar (nouns) haqida gapirganda, ularni aniq yoki noaniq ko‘rsatish, egalikni bildirish yoki ma’lum bir guruhni ifodalash uchun articles va determiners ishlatiladi. Keling, ularni birgalikda ko‘rib chiqamiz 👇

🌟1. ARTICLES — A / AN / THE
🟢A / AN — biror narsa yoki odamni umumiy ma’noda, birinchi marta tilga olganda ishlatiladi.

🧠Formula:
➡️ a/an + singular countable noun
🌟Examples:
• I saw a dog in the street.
• She is an English teacher.
• He bought a new phone.

🔹 A — undosh tovush oldidan:
➡️ a book, a car, a teacher

🔹 AN — unli tovush oldidan:
➡️ an apple, an umbrella, an interesting story

🟢 THE — aniq, ma’lum yoki oldin tilga olingan narsa uchun ishlatiladi.

🌟 Examples:
• I saw a dog. The dog was very cute.
• Please close the door.
• The sun is shining.

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