PHYSICS - WASSCE 2024

🔥 State the three (3) types of magnetic materials.
🔥 Calculate the lateral displacement in a glass if the refractive index is 1.5 and the thickness is 3.0 cm.
🔥 A uniform 100cm meter rule balance on a knife edge at the 65cm mark when a mass of 50g is hung at the 85cm mark. What is the weight of the rule?
🔥 State in words Kirchhoff’s laws of electrical network.
🔥 What are isotopes? Give two examples each for two different elements.
🔥 Explain the term radioactivity.
🔥 Distinguish between natural radioactivity and artificial radioactivity.
🔥 State the main radiations produced during natural radioactivity and give two properties of each of them.

Physics (Essay) actual papers. #WASSCE2024🇬🇭

Solutions 👇

Q.1

The unit of inductance is the Henry (H).

The unit of universal gravitational constant G is N m^2 kg^-2.

This is derived from the equation for the gravitational force between two objects:

F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2

Where:
- F is the gravitational force
- G is the gravitational constant
- m1 and m2 are the masses of the objects
- r is the distance between the objects

The unit of G can be expressed as:

G = N m^2 kg^-2

Where N is the unit of force (Newtons), m is the unit of distance (meters), and kg is the unit of mass (kilograms).


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Q5

Q5 a) The area under an stress-strain curve represents the material's ability to absorb energy without failing. This is known as toughness.

The Young's modulus of aluminum is greater than that of rubber because:

- Aluminum has a higher stiffness-to-weight ratio, making it more resistant to deformation.
- Rubber's molecular structure allows for more flexibility and elasticity, resulting in a lower Young's modulus.

Q.6

A. Maximum height reached by an oblique projectile:_

The maximum height (H) reached by an oblique projectile is given by:

H = (v₀² sin²θ) / (2g)

where:
v₀ = initial velocity
θ = angle of projection
g = acceleration due to gravity

_Time of flight (T) of an oblique projectile:_

The time of flight (T) of an oblique projectile is given by:

T = (2v₀ sinθ) / g

_Mathematical relationship between maximum height and time of flight:_

The maximum height (H) and time of flight (T) are related by:

H = (gT²) / (8 sin²θ)

B . To calculate the velocity at the highest point, we need to find the vertical component of the initial velocity.

Given:
Initial speed (v₀) = 8 m/s
Angle of projection (θ) = 45° (for maximum range)

Vertical component of initial velocity (v₀y) = v₀ sin(θ)
= 8 m/s × sin(45°)
= 8 m/s × 0.707
= 5.66 m/s

At the highest point, the vertical velocity (v) is zero, since the body is momentarily at rest.

Horizontal component of velocity (vₓ) remains constant throughout the motion:
vₓ = v₀ cos(θ)
= 8 m/s × cos(45°)
= 8 m/s × 0.707
= 5.66 m/s

So, the velocity at the highest point is:
v = √(vₓ² + vₓ²)
= √((5.66 m/s)² + (0 m/s)²)
= 5.66 m/s

The velocity at the highest point is 5.66 m/s, horizontally.

Q.7

*Two main parts of an optical fibre:*

1. *Core*: The central, light-carrying part of the fibre, made of a transparent material with a high refractive index, allowing light to propagate through it.
2. *Cladding*: The outer layer surrounding the core, made of a material with a lower refractive index, helping to keep the light within the core by total internal reflection.

*Principle behind fibre optics:*

*Total Internal Reflection*: When light reaches the boundary between the core and cladding, it is completely reflected back into the core, allowing the signal to travel long distances without significant loss or distortion. This principle enables fibre optic communication, where data is transmitted as light signals through the fibre.

Q.2

1. _Granular Structure of Solids_: The existence of definite crystal structures and the ability to cleave materials along specific planes reveal the particle-like arrangement of atoms or molecules in solids.

2. _Discrete Ionization Energies_: The precise amounts of energy required to remove electrons from atoms demonstrate the quantized nature of energy and the particle-like behavior of electrons.

3. _Stepwise Chemical Reactions_: The occurrence of chemical reactions in distinct steps, with specific reactants and products, suggests the particle-like interaction of atoms or molecules, rather than a continuous process.
.

Q.3

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1. *Discrete Shadows*: When light passes through a pinhole, it creates a discrete shadow on a screen, indicating that light is composed of tiny particles (photons) rather than being a continuous wave.

2. *Brownian Motion*: The random movement of particles suspended in a fluid (like pollen in water) demonstrates the collisions between visible particles and invisible molecules, supporting the idea that matter is composed of tiny particles.

3. *Crystal Formation*: The formation of crystals, with their repeating patterns and shapes, suggests that matter is built from tiny, indivisible particles (atoms or molecules) that arrange themselves in a regular structure.


Q4a
The area under a stress-strain curve represents the amount of energy per unit volume that a material can absorb before it undergoes permanent deformation or failure. This area is indicative of the material's toughness, which is the ability to absorb energy and deform plastically without breaking.

### Q4b
Two examples of projectiles in sports are:

1. Javelin: In javelin throw, the athlete propels a spear-like instrument (the javelin) through the air, and it follows a parabolic trajectory before landing.

2. Basketball: When a player shoots a basketball towards the hoop, the ball acts as a projectile, following a curved path due to the initial velocity and the force of gravity acting on it.

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Physics (Objective) actual papers.#WASSCE2024 🇬🇭
Note: WASSCE objectives are now serialised based on each region.
Do not copy any objective solution you see online.

French (Essay) actual paper. #WASSCE2024🇬🇭

French (Objective) actual papers.#WASSCE2024 🇬🇭
Note: WASSCE objectives are now serialised based on each region.
Do not copy any objective solution you see online.

Elective ICT (Essay) actual papers. #WASSCE2024🇬🇭

Solutions 👇

Q.2 (a)

1. Phishing Scam
2. Ransomware Attack
3. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack

Q.2 (b)

i) Three measures required to prevent computer crime:

- Firewalls and Encryption: Installing firewalls and encryption technologies can help prevent unauthorized access to computer systems and data. Firewalls act as a barrier between the internal network and the external network, blocking malicious traffic. Encryption scrambles data to prevent unauthorized access.

- Regular Software Updates and Patches: Keeping software up-to-date with the latest security patches and updates is crucial to preventing computer crime. This helps to fix vulnerabilities and patch holes that cybercriminals can exploit.

- User Education and Awareness: Educating users about computer security best practices, such as strong passwords, safe browsing habits, and avoiding phishing scams, can help prevent computer crime. User awareness is critical in preventing social engineering attacks and other types of cybercrime.

ii) Four benefits of telesales:

- Cost-Effective: Telesales is often more cost-effective than traditional face-to-face sales methods, as it eliminates the need for travel and accommodation expenses.

- Increased Reach: Telesales allows sales teams to reach a wider audience, as they can contact customers and prospects across different locations and time zones.

- Improved Efficiency: Telesales enables sales teams to make more calls in a shorter period of time, increasing the chances of converting leads into customers.

- Data-Driven Insights: Telesales provides valuable insights into customer behavior and preferences, which can be used to refine sales strategies and improve customer engagement.

Q. 3 (a)

Asynchronous transmission is a method of transmitting data in a serial communication system where each character is transmitted independently, without any relationship between the start and stop bits of adjacent characters.

In asynchronous transmission, each character (also known as a byte or a symbol) is transmitted as a separate unit, with its own start bit, data bits, and stop bit(s). The start bit indicates the beginning of a new character, and the stop bit(s) indicate the end of the character. The data bits carry the actual information being transmitted.

Q.3 (b)

i) Database Server

A database server is a computer that manages and provides access to a database, which is a collection of organized data. A database server acts as an intermediary between the database and client applications that need to access or manipulate the data. Its primary function is to store, retrieve, and manage data in a structured and secure manner.

Some common types of databases served by a database server include:

Relational databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL)
NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra)
Graph databases (e.g., Neo4j)

ii) Print Server

A print server is a computer or device that manages and controls printing tasks across a network. It acts as a central hub for printing devices, allowing multiple devices to share the same printer or print queue.
Print servers can be software-based or hardware-based. Software-based print servers can run on a dedicated computer or as a virtual appliance, while hardware-based print servers are typically built into network devices such as routers or switches.

Some common features of print servers include:

Printer sharing and management
Print job scheduling and queuing
Secure printing with authentication and authorization
Support for various print protocols (e.g., LPR, IPP, SMB)