India’s current NDC, offcially conveyed to the United Nations in August
2022 commits to the following by 2030:
1. having 50% of its installed electric power from non-fossil
sources
2. reducing the intensity of emissions per unit of GDP by 44%
3. increasing its carbon sink to
at least 2.5 billion tonnes to
3 billion tonnes of CO2
equivalent.


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Agnikul Cosmos successfully test-fired "Agnite," a 3D-printed rocket engine manufactured in seven days, significantly accelerating rocket production and enabling more frequent satellite launches.

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1. Handri - Neeva
2. Galeru - Nagari
A rough route map
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This question is important in the context frequent fire incidents of AC buses.

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Tribes
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Characteristics of Tribes
1. Ancient Culture:
Tribal culture is very ancient. It is believed to have originated before recorded history. Tribal societies are considered parallel to natural societies.

2. ​Unique Identity:
Their culture is distinct compared to other races or religions. In villages, folk cultures appear unique. Their customs, beliefs, and political/legal systems are separate. However, they are now adopting many elements from the outside world.

3. ​Geographical Isolation:
Tribal people tend to stick to a particular area. While living in a specific dwelling, they depend on the resources available there for their livelihood.

4. ​Limited Interaction:
They generally do not like to mingle with others. They have limited contact with the outside world. If outsiders intrude into their settlements, they move further into more remote areas. Because of this lack of connection, they live in extremely remote geographical conditions.

5. ​Shy Nature:
They are naturally shy when interacting with other races or outsiders. Even if they need to communicate, they remain reserved.

6. ​Backwardness:
They are socially, economically, health-wise, and educationally backward. Their technical knowledge and tools are primitive. Their lifestyle is based on physical labor. Environmental changes affect them severely.

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Toys/items -- specific wood

1. Kondapalli Toys (కొండపల్లి బొమ్మలు):
* Wood: Tella Poniki (తెల్లపొనికి)

2. Etikoppaka Lacquer Toys (ఏటికొప్పాక లక్క బొమ్మలు):
* Wood: Ankudu (అంకుడు)

3. Wooden Toys of Madhavamala, Tirupati District (మాధవమాల చెక్క బొమ్మలు):
* Wood: Red Sanders / Red Sandalwood (Yerra Chandanam - ఎర్రచందనం), Nariyepi (నారియేపి), and Thummi / Acacia catechu (తుమ్మ)

4. Bobbili Veena (బొబ్బిలి వీణ):
* Wood: Jackfruit (Panasa - పనస) and Rosewood (రోజ్‌వుడ్)

5. Wooden Carts (ఎడ్ల బండ్లు) - Kapavaram, Eluru District:
* Wood: Teak (Teku - టేకు)

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Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) 🌐⚛️

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are advanced nuclear fission reactors with a capacity of up to 300 Megawatt electric (MWe) per module—roughly one-third of conventional reactors. ⚡

Core Features 🏗️

• Definition: Defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency as units producing up to 300 MWe, featuring "small" size, "modular" factory-fabrication, and "reactor" fission technology. 📏
• Passive Safety: Built with inherent safety systems that can shut down and cool without external power or human intervention. 🛡️
• Industrial Decarbonization: Ideal for powering energy-intensive, captive industrial applications (steel, aluminum, data centers) to replace coal. 🏭
• Flexibility: Scalable, can be deployed incrementally, and fit in remote or off-grid locations. 🚀

India's SMR Initiatives 🇮🇳

• Bharat Small Modular Reactor (BSMR 200 MWe): Developed indigenously by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and NPCIL, planned for Tarapur (Maharashtra) using Slightly Enriched Uranium (SEU). 🏭
• SMR-55 MWe: A highly modular pressurized water reactor concept slated for Tarapur. 💧
• High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (5 MWth): Targeted for hydrogen generation at BARC Vizag (Andhra Pradesh). 🌬️
• Policy Push: Backed by national nuclear missions and proposed legislative amendments to scale clean baseload nuclear capacity. 📜

Challenges ⚠️

• Economic Scale: Higher initial cost per unit of energy compared to massive traditional plants due to lower initial economies of scale. 💰
• Regulatory Frameworks: Requires modernizing domestic liability and safety regulations (such as updates to India's atomic laws) for commercial private engagement. ⚖️
• Nuclear Waste: Manages radioactive spent fuel management similarly to traditional plants. ♻️

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