CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF CDS NDA
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The toughest exam of the Nation & Dreams of many UPSC CSE.
Here we provide free materials related to all three stages of exam I.e. Prelims,Mains and Personality Test

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πŸ”† Fatehpur Sikri (Uttar Pradesh)

πŸ“ Historical Background
βœ… Built between 1571–1585 by Akbar.
βœ… Constructed in honour of Sufi saint Sheikh Salim Chishti.
βœ… First planned city of the Mughals.
βœ… Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site (1986).

πŸ“ Urban Planning & Architecture
βœ… Rectangular plan with grid-pattern roads intersecting at right angles.
βœ… Efficient drainage & water management system.
βœ… Built predominantly in red sandstone.
βœ… Architectural blend of Islamic & Hindu elements.

πŸ“ Important Buildings

πŸ› Imperial Palace Complex – Includes the marble tomb of Sheikh Salim Chishti.

πŸ› Diwan-i-Am – Hall of Public Audience.
πŸ› Diwan-i-Khas – Hall of Private Audience (famous central pillar).
πŸ› Turkish Sultana’s House – Intricate carvings.
πŸ› Ankh Michauli (Treasury) – Believed to be associated with court games.
πŸ› Daulat Khana-i-Khas – Emperor’s private chamber.
πŸ› Palace of Jodha Bai – Blend of Hindu pillars & Muslim cupolas.
πŸ› Panch Mahal – Five-storeyed structure.
πŸ•Œ Nagina Masjid – Private mosque.
πŸ•Œ Jami Masjid (1571 AD) – Congregational mosque.
πŸšͺ Buland Darwaza (1602 AD) – Built to commemorate Akbar’s victory in the Deccan.

πŸ“ UPSC Prelims Focus
β€’ Built by – Akbar
β€’ Period – 16th century
β€’ Material – Red sandstone
β€’ Blend of – Indo-Islamic architecture

πŸ“ UPSC Mains Angle (GS1 – Art & Culture)
β€œFatehpur Sikri represents the zenith of Mughal architectural planning and syncretism. Discuss.”

#prelims
#art_and_culture

https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture
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CGSPE_2026_WR_Roll_Name_Eng_02032026.pdf
791.8 KB
Combined Geo-Scientist (Preliminary) Examination, 2026 result
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πŸ”† Pandya Cities (Sangam Age)

πŸ“ Madurai

βœ… Described in Madurai Kanchi (part of Pattuppattu) as a large, grand city.
βœ… Enclosed by walls on three sides and the Vaigai River on the fourth.
βœ… Mention of palaces, temples, large houses & two markets.

πŸ“ Economic Significance
βœ… Major centre of crafts:
β€’ Gold ornaments
β€’ Ivory & inlay work
β€’ Chank cutting & bangle making
βœ… Traders sold pearls & precious stones.
βœ… Arthashastra mentions Madurai as a centre of fine cotton textiles.
βœ… Inscriptions at Alagarmalai record merchant endowments.

πŸ“ Korkai

βœ… Celebrated in Sangam literature, Indica and Arthashastra.
βœ… Renowned centre of pearls & fisheries.
βœ… Pearl oyster remains found in excavations confirm literary accounts.

πŸ“ Archaeological Findings
βœ… Evidence of Black and Red Ware (BRW).
βœ… Locally made Rouletted Ware.
βœ… Traces of Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW).
βœ… Radiocarbon dating suggests settlement as early as 8th century BCE.

πŸ“ Geographical Note
βœ… Presently an inland site on Vaigai River, but in early historic period it was a coastal port town.

πŸ“ UPSC Prelims Focus
β€’ Pandya capital – Madurai
β€’ Port city – Korkai
β€’ Pottery types – BRW, NBPW, Rouletted Ware
β€’ Literary sources – Sangam texts, Arthashastra

πŸ“ UPSC Mains Angle (GS1 – Ancient History)
β€œExamine the role of Pandya cities like Madurai and Korkai in the trade and craft economy of the Sangam Age.”

#history #prelims #mains

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Day 75: 3 March target:

Economy:
Topics -
1.Banking system
2. Monetary policy

3. Taxation
4. Inflation

Current Affairs: August,september 2025
Revision
Economy only


#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.

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#Goodmorning 

⏳82 days  left CSP26[ 24-05-26]
⏳171 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]

⏳278 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳145 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳138 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳124 days left UKPSC PRELIMS 5 July
⏳97 days Left OPSC prelims 07 June
⏳97 days Left GPSC prelims 07 June
⏳90 days  left MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
⏳RAS PRELIMS may
⏳54 days Left MPPSC (MP) Prelims 26 April
⏳54 days Left HCS Prelims 26 April
⏳53 days Left bpsc mains 25 April
⏳40 days Left CDS1 /NDA/JPSC PRELIMS 12 April
⏳28 days Left PPSC mains 1 April
⏳25 days left UPPSC mains 29 March

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability

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πŸ”† Nationwide HPV Vaccination Drive Launched (2 March 2026)

πŸ“ Why in News?
βœ… PM launched a nationwide HPV vaccination drive for 14-year-old girls.
βœ… Vaccine used: Gardasil-4 (Quadrivalent, Single-dose).

πŸ“ About Gardasil-4

βœ… A quadrivalent HPV vaccine β€” protects against 4 HPV types.
βœ… Provides 93–100% effectiveness against targeted strains.
βœ… Works by stimulating immune response against four HPV antigens.

πŸ”† About Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

πŸ“ What is HPV?
βœ… A group of ~200 related viruses.
βœ… A common sexually transmitted infection (STI).

πŸ“ Health Impact
βœ… Most infections resolve naturally (~90% cases).
❗ Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types β†’ major cause of cervical cancer.

πŸ”† Cervical Cancer – Key Facts

βœ… 4th most common cancer among women globally.
βœ… 2nd most common cancer among women in India.
βœ… India accounts for ~25% of global cervical cancer deaths.
βœ… Ranks 4th globally in cervical cancer morbidity.
❗ Disproportionately affects younger women; significant maternal mortality impact.

πŸ“ Significance of the Drive

βœ… Major step toward cancer prevention & women’s health security.
βœ… Aligns with WHO’s goal of eliminating cervical cancer as a public health problem.
βœ… Strengthens preventive healthcare under Ayushman Bharat framework.

πŸ“ UPSC Prelims Focus
β€’ HPV – cause of cervical cancer
β€’ Gardasil-4 – Quadrivalent vaccine
β€’ Target group – 14-year-old girls

πŸ“ UPSC Mains Angle (GS2 – Health)
β€œPreventive healthcare strategies such as HPV vaccination can significantly reduce cancer burden in India. Discuss the public health significance and implementation challenges.”

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
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World’s Strongest Currency Will Surprise You !!!
#worldcurrency #INR #u...
https://youtube.com/shorts/dW9HjxhdASs?si=kPx90ew-9VFRkPFp
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πŸ”† AUGUST OFFER vs. CRIPPS MISSION

πŸ“ Time Period
βœ… August Offer: August 1940
βœ… Cripps Mission: March 1942

πŸ“ Viceroy at the Time
βœ… August Offer: Lord Linlithgow
βœ… Cripps Mission: Lord Linlithgow

πŸ“ Context/Reasons for Proposal
βœ… August Offer: Britain’s precarious situation in WWII and the need for Indian support.
βœ… Cripps Mission: Japanese advances in Southeast Asia heightened the need for Indian cooperation in the war effort.

πŸ“ Main Proposals
βœ… August Offer: Dominion status as the long-term goal; expansion of Viceroy’s Executive Council; promise of a post-war constituent assembly.
βœ… Cripps Mission: Dominion status with the right to secede from the Commonwealth; a constituent assembly after the war to decide the constitution; provision for any province to opt out of the Indian Union.

πŸ“ Shortcomings Highlighted by Indians
βœ… August Offer: Vague promises; no immediate transfer of power; retention of British control over defense; no clear path to full independence.
βœ… Cripps Mission: Dominion status instead of full independence; allowed provinces to secede, potentially leading to partition; no immediate transfer of power; British control over defense continued.

πŸ“ Reaction of Indian Political Parties
βœ… August Offer: Rejected by the Congress; welcomed by some other groups for its promise of eventual self-rule.
βœ… Cripps Mission: Rejected by Congress and Muslim League; Congress criticized the lack of immediate power transfer and the provision for dominion status; Muslim League was dissatisfied with the lack of a clear commitment to Pakistan.

πŸ“ Outcome/Result
βœ… August Offer: Rejected by Indian National Congress; led to increased demand for complete independence.
βœ… Cripps Mission: Failure; led to the Congress launching the Quit India Movement in August 1942.

πŸ“ Impact on Indian National Movement
βœ… August Offer: Strengthened Indian resolve for complete independence; highlighted the limitations of British promises.
βœ… Cripps Mission: Intensified Indian demand for complete independence; demonstrated the unyielding nature of British policy; precipitated the Quit India Movement.

#quick_revision
#history

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@upsc_4_history
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CSE-2026 Vacancies

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πŸ”† Land Revenue Settlements in British India

πŸ›οΈ Permanent Settlement (1793)

Lord Cornwallis

πŸ“ Where? Bengal, Bihar, parts of Odisha
πŸ“ Introduced by: Lord Cornwallis

βœ… Zamindars recognized as landowners
βœ… Peasants reduced to tenants
βœ… Revenue fixed permanently (initially decennial, later permanent)
βœ… Zamindars had hereditary rights

⚠️ Sunset Law:
If revenue not paid by sunset of the due date β†’ Zamindari auctioned

πŸ“Œ Features
β€’ 10/11th revenue to Company, 1/10th to Zamindar
β€’ No provision for remission during crop failure
β€’ High revenue demand

πŸ“Œ Impact
β€’ Creation of absentee landlordism
β€’ Peasant exploitation
β€’ Agricultural stagnation

🌾 Ryotwari Settlement

Thomas Munro

πŸ“ Where? Madras Presidency, Bombay Presidency
πŸ“ Introduced by: Thomas Munro & Alexander Read

βœ… Direct settlement with Ryots (cultivators)
βœ… No intermediaries (Zamindars removed)
βœ… Land surveyed & classified
βœ… Revenue based on soil quality

πŸ“Œ Special Feature
β€’ Remission allowed during natural calamities
β€’ Periodic revision of revenue

πŸ“Œ Impact
β€’ Heavy burden on peasants
β€’ Greater state control
β€’ Some security of tenure

🏘️ Mahalwari System (1822)

Holt Mackenzie
Lord William Bentick

πŸ“ Where? North-Western Provinces, Punjab, Gangetic Valley, Central India
πŸ“ Introduced by: Holt Mackenzie (1822)
πŸ“ Revised by: Lord William Bentinck (1833)

βœ… Settlement with village (Mahal)
βœ… Village headman responsible for revenue collection
βœ… 30-year settlement
βœ… Demand often around 2/3rd of produce

πŸ“Œ Impact
β€’ Collective responsibility
β€’ Continued exploitation
β€’ Strengthened village elites

🎯 UPSC Focus Points
βœ… Permanent – Zamindari + Sunset Law
βœ… Ryotwari – Direct settlement + remission provision
βœ… Mahalwari – Village-based + 30-year revision
βœ… All aimed at maximizing Company revenue, not peasant welfare

#history #prelims #mains

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πŸ”† CURRENT AFFAIRS – 2 MARCH 2026

πŸ”† REGULATORY BODIES

πŸ“ RBI – March 2026 Consumer Confidence Surveys
βœ… Launched: Rural (RCCS) & Urban (UCCS)
πŸ“ Objective
βœ… Assess income, employment, inflation perception & spending behaviour
πŸ“ Conducting Agencies
🎯 Helps in monetary policy formulation

πŸ”† BANKING & FINANCE

πŸ“ CGA Launches Government Bank Manual & Dashboard
πŸ‘€ Launched by: T.C.A. Kalyani (Controller General of Accounts)
πŸ“ Government Bank Manual
βœ… Standardised framework for agency banks
βœ… Defines reporting, reconciliation & compliance norms
πŸ“ Government Bank Dashboard
βœ… Real-time KPI monitoring
➑ Remittance timelines
➑ Scroll compliance
➑ SLA adherence
🎯 Shift from reactive to proactive oversight

πŸ“ CBIC – Deferred Customs Duty Payment Facility (EMI Scheme)
πŸ“… Effective: 1 April 2026 – 31 March 2028
πŸ“ Eligible: Authorized Economic Operators (AEO) incl. MSMEs
βœ… Monthly consolidated duty payment
βœ… Improves liquidity & EoDB

πŸ”† INTERNATIONAL

πŸ“ Visa Ranked #1 in AI Adoption (Payments Sector)
πŸ“Š Released by: Evident Insights
πŸ₯‡ Visa | πŸ₯ˆ Mastercard | πŸ₯‰ PayPal
πŸ“ Parameters: AI Talent, Innovation, Strategy, Transparency

πŸ”† NATIONAL

πŸ“ Nationwide HPV Vaccination Drive Launched
πŸ‘€ Launched by PM Narendra Modi (Ajmer)
🎯 Target: 14-year-old girls
πŸ’‰ Vaccine: Gardasil (HPV 16,18,6,11)
πŸ“Š Cervical cancer: ~1.2 lakh cases annually (GLOBOCAN 2022)
πŸ†“ Free via Govt health infra

πŸ“ Casebook on AI & Gender Empowerment Released
🀝 By: IndiaAI Mission (MeitY) + UN Women
🎯 Focus: Inclusive & gender-responsive AI

πŸ“ Villages of Excellence Initiative (India–Israel)
🌾 Aim: Tech-driven agri clusters
🎯 Expand Centres of Excellence to 100
🀝 Backed by IINCA

πŸ“ Fortified Rice Rollout Suspended Temporarily
⚠ Shelf-life & nutrient degradation concerns
πŸ“ Linked Schemes: PMGKAY, TPDS, PM-POSHAN, ICDS
🎯 Fortification ratio: 1:100 (FRK blending)

πŸ“ Project Cheetah – 3rd Batch (Botswana)
πŸ† 8 cheetahs to Kuno NP
πŸ“… First batch: Namibia (2022)
πŸ“… Second: South Africa (2023)
🎯 World’s first intercontinental carnivore translocation

πŸ”† STATES

πŸ“ Tripura’s First Incubation Hub – T-Nest (Agartala)
🎯 Boost startup ecosystem

πŸ“ Tamil Nadu’s First Dark Sky Park
πŸ“ Location: Kolli Hills (Ariyur Shola RF)
🌌 Promotes astro-tourism

πŸ”† IMPORTANT DAYs

πŸ“… 28 Feb – Rare Disease Day 2026
πŸ“… 1 March – 25th Foundation Day of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
πŸ“ Launches: BEE@25 Logo | Star Label App | RCO Portal

πŸ”† APPOINTMENTS

βœ… Alois Zwinggi – Interim President & CEO, World Economic Forum
βœ… Deepak Gupta – Chairman, GAIL

πŸ”† AWARDS

πŸ… Jeevan Gaurav Samman – Vaidya Devendra Triguna
πŸ… Ayurveda Gaurav Samman – Multiple eminent Vaidyas (National Arogya Fair 2026)

πŸ”† SPORTS

πŸ“ Ranji Trophy 2026
πŸ† Jammu & Kashmir – First-ever title
πŸ“ Debut: 1959–60

πŸ“ Wankhede Stadium Honours Ravi Shastri
πŸŽ– Stand named after former captain

πŸ“ India’s 92nd GM – Aaryan Varshney (Jan 2026)
β™Ÿ First Indian GM: Viswanathan Anand (1988)

πŸ“ ADAC T20 Deaf Asia Cup 2026
πŸ† India defeated Sri Lanka (Cuttack)
⭐ Player of Series: Gimadu L Malkam

#CurrentAffairs

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#Goodmorning 

⏳81vdays  left CSP26[ 24-05-26]
⏳170 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]

⏳277 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳144 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳137 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳123 days left UKPSC PRELIMS 5 July
⏳96 days Left OPSC prelims 07 June
⏳96 days Left GPSC prelims 07 June
⏳89 days  left MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
⏳RAS PRELIMS may
⏳53 days Left MPPSC (MP) Prelims 26 April
⏳53 days Left HCS Prelims 26 April
⏳52 days Left bpsc mains 25 April
⏳39 days Left CDS1 /NDA/JPSC PRELIMS 12 April
⏳27 days Left PPSC mains 1 April
⏳24 days left UPPSC mains 29 March

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability

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Day 76 : 4 march target:

Today will be holiday for target
πŸ”†NATIONAL JUTE BOARD

βœ…National Jute Board is governed by National Jute Board Act-2008, as framed by the Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India.
βœ…Board engages in research and human resource development programmes to explore new and innovative use of jute with the idea of enabling both the organized as well as the decentralized sector to compete and increase the global share of Indian jute goods consumption.
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The Coffee Board : is a statutory organisation constituted under Section (4) of the Coffee Act, 1942 and functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India.
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The Rubber Board is a statutory organisation constituted under Section (4) of the Rubber Act, 1947 and functions under the administrative control of Ministry of Commerce and
Industry.
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Tea Board was set up as a statutory body on 1st April, 1954 as per Section (4) of the Tea Act, 1953. As an apex body, it looks after the overall development of the tea industry.
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