9th june editorial summary

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 9 JUNE 2026

🔆 BANKING & FINANCE

📍 SEBI & RBI Plan Corporate Bond Index Derivatives
✅ SEBI and RBI working to strengthen debt market infrastructure
✅ Derivatives linked to Corporate Bond Indices to improve market liquidity
✅ Corporate bond issuances crossed ₹9 lakh crore in FY26
✅ Equity issuances reached ₹4.5 lakh crore
✅ 366 IPOs raised around ₹1.9 lakh crore
✅ Market capitalisation reached nearly 128% of GDP

📍 India & Nepal Launch Cross-Border Remittance Facility
✅ Links India’s UPI with Nepal’s National Payments Interface (NPI)
✅ Enables Peer-to-Peer (P2P) fund transfers
✅ Strengthens digital and financial connectivity
✅ Bhashini and Kathmandu University signed MoU for voice-first language platform
✅ India handed over 72 health facilities and completed 12 cultural heritage projects in Nepal

📍 RBI Announces ECB & FCNR(B) Swap Windows
✅ Introduced USD-Rupee Swap Facility for External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs)
✅ Swap facility also available for fresh FCNR(B) deposits
✅ ECB facility available till 15 January 2027
✅ FCNR(B) swap applicable till 16 October 2026
✅ Fresh FCNR(B) deposits exempted from CRR and SLR

📍 Government Deepens G-Sec Market for FPIs
✅ Tax exemption on Interest Income, STCG and LTCG from Government Securities
✅ Expands Fully Accessible Route (FAR)
✅ Aims to boost Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) in G-Secs

🔆 STATES

📍 West Bengal to Implement Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY
✅ Becomes 36th State/UT to adopt AB PM-JAY
✅ To be formalised through MoU with National Health Authority
✅ Provides ₹5 lakh health cover per family annually
✅ World’s largest government-funded health assurance scheme

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 NZP Saathi App Launched for Delhi Zoo
✅ Launched by Kirti Vardhan Singh
✅ Acts as a digital zoo guide
✅ Provides interactive maps and smart navigation
✅ Available on Android and iOS
✅ Self-ticketing kiosks also inaugurated

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 Bonn Climate Conference Calls for USD 120 Billion Adaptation Finance
✅ SB64 being held from 8–18 June 2026
✅ Preparatory meeting for COP31
✅ Proposal seeks USD 120 billion annually by 2035
✅ Focus on operationalising 59 Global Goal on Adaptation indicators
✅ COP31 scheduled in Antalya (9–20 November 2026)

🔆 AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

📍 GRASA Wins Rashtriya Ratna Samman 2026
✅ Awarded Emerging Health Tech & Nutrition Innovation Startup of the Year
✅ Recognised for millet-based metabolic health solutions
✅ Described as India’s first food-led metabolic recovery system

🔆 SCHEMES

📍 PM Jan Dhan Accounts Cross 58 Crore
✅ PMJDY launched on 28 August 2014
✅ Over 58 crore accounts opened
✅ Around ₹45 trillion transferred through DBT
✅ 56% account holders are women
✅ 67% accounts belong to rural and semi-urban areas
✅ Provides zero-balance accounts, RuPay card, insurance and overdraft facility

📍 ‘10 Years of PMSMA – A Decade of Care’ Campaign Launched
✅ Marks 10 years of Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA)
✅ PMSMA launched on 9 June 2016
✅ Provides free comprehensive antenatal care
✅ Special focus on 9th day of every month
✅ ₹75 commemorative coin and ₹5 postal stamp to be released

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 World Food Safety Day 2026
✅ Observed on 7 June
✅ Theme: “From Burden to Solutions: Safe Food Everywhere”

📍 World Oceans Day 2026
✅ Observed on 8 June
✅ Theme: “Reimagine: Beyond the world we know, a new relationship with our ocean”

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 SIPRI Yearbook 2026 Released
✅ India possesses an estimated 190 nuclear warheads
✅ Pakistan estimated to have 170 warheads
✅ India ranked 5th largest military spender in 2025
✅ Defence expenditure reached USD 92.1 billion
✅ Military spending grew by 8.9%
✅ India ranked 2nd largest arms importer (2021–25)
✅ Major suppliers: Russia (40%), France (29%) and Israel (15%)

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🔆 Influence of Indian Ideas Across Southeast Asia

📍 Why in Focus?
✅ Ancient maritime trade networks (500–1500 AD) facilitated the spread of Indian culture, religion, language, political ideas and art across Southeast Asia, leaving a lasting civilisational imprint.

📍 Historical Background
✅ Trade links led to the establishment of important ports such as Funan (Cambodia) and Srivijaya (Sumatra).
✅ Cultural exchange is evidenced by inscriptions like:
• Veal Kantel (Cambodia)
• Yupa Inscriptions (Indonesia)
• Devanika Inscription (Laos)

📍 Impact of Indian Ideas

✅ Language & Literature
• Sanskrit significantly influenced Thai, Khmer, Malay, Javanese and Balinese languages.
• Ramayana and Mahabharata were adapted into local literary traditions and performing arts.

✅ Religion
• My Son Sanctuary (Vietnam) of the Cham civilisation dedicated to Lord Shiva, featuring Sanskrit inscriptions and Linga worship.
• Angkor Wat (Cambodia) was originally dedicated to Lord Vishnu, while Angkor Thom reflected Buddhist influence.
• Dvaravati (Thailand) emerged as an important Buddhist centre.
• Bagan (Myanmar) became renowned for its thousands of Buddhist temples and stupas.
• Borobudur (Indonesia), built by the Sailendra dynasty, remains the world’s largest Buddhist monument.

✅ Political Thought
• The concept of Devaraja (God-King) was adopted to legitimise kingship, inspired by Indian political and religious traditions.

✅ Performing Arts
• Indian storytelling traditions, mudras and dance movements influenced Thai Classical Dance and Cambodian Apsara Dance.
• Musical traditions absorbed elements of Indian instruments and rhythmic systems.

✅ Architecture
• Monumental structures such as Angkor Wat, Borobudur and My Son display Indic iconography, temple planning and sacred architectural concepts.

📍 Significance
✅ Demonstrates India’s historical soft power and cultural diplomacy.
✅ Strengthened civilisational ties through peaceful exchange rather than conquest.
✅ Forms the cultural foundation of India’s Act East Policy and engagement with ASEAN.

📍 UPSC Prelims Pointer
✅ The concept of Devaraja (God-King), Sanskrit inscriptions, and adaptations of the Ramayana and Mahabharata are key indicators of Indian cultural influence in Southeast Asia.

📍 UPSC Mains Practice Question
“Indian civilisation profoundly influenced the cultural and political evolution of Southeast Asia through maritime interactions rather than military conquest. Discuss with suitable examples.” (GS-I | 15 Marks | 250 Words)

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EPFO 2026

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 10 JUNE 2026

🔆 ECONOMY

📍 India Eyes Inclusion in Bloomberg Global Aggregate Bond Index
✅ Aims to attract larger foreign investment into Government Securities (G-Secs)
✅ Measures include capital gains tax exemptions and expansion of long-dated G-Secs
✅ Inclusion can boost passive foreign fund inflows
✅ Bond indices act as benchmarks for global investors

🔆 STATES

📍 Uttar Pradesh Launches Project Ganga
✅ Provides last-mile digital connectivity to rural areas
✅ First phase covers 21 districts
✅ Supports telemedicine, digital education, e-governance and skill development
✅ Backed by Hinduja Group on No Profit–No Loss basis

📍 Assam & European Union Launch Blue Valley Cluster
✅ Launched in Guwahati
✅ Focuses on Flavours, Fragrances and AYUSH sectors
✅ Promotes innovation, exports and industrial partnerships
✅ Connects farmers, SHGs, startups and industries with global markets

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 India’s Exports Reach USD 866 Billion
✅ Exports increased from USD 466 billion to USD 866 billion over 12 years
✅ Services exports recorded over 9% growth
✅ Engineering and electronics exports witnessed significant expansion
✅ Growth supported by Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)

📍 Centre Provides ₹1.23 Lakh Crore Support to OMCs
✅ Assistance aimed at shielding consumers from rising crude oil prices
✅ Support provided during initial 78 days of West Asia conflict
✅ Included excise duty reductions on petroleum products
✅ Beneficiaries include IOCL, BPCL and HPCL

📍 First GI-Tagged Tezpur Litchi Exported to Dubai
✅ Facilitated by APEDA
✅ Export consignment weighed 1 metric tonne
✅ Tezpur Litchi received GI Tag in 2015
✅ Boosts agricultural exports from the North-East

📍 Three Foreign Universities Receive Approval for India Campuses
✅ University of Bristol to establish Mumbai Enterprise Campus
✅ University of York to open first overseas campus in Mumbai
✅ UNSW to establish campus in Bengaluru
✅ Approval issued by Ministry of Education

📍 Amit Shah Launches VINIMAY Land Port Management System
✅ VINIMAY is a digital integrated management platform for land ports
✅ Supports Smart Border Initiative
✅ Introduces Single Electronic Window and ANPR-based operations
✅ Eliminates nearly 90% paperwork
✅ Integrates ICEGATE, CBIC, BSF, DGFT, UIDAI and ULIP

📍 Major Breakthrough Achieved in Zojila Tunnel Project
✅ Main tunnel breakthrough achieved at Minamarg, Kargil
✅ Tunnel length: Nearly 14 km
✅ Project cost: ₹6,800 crore
✅ Ensures year-round connectivity between Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh
✅ Implemented by NHIDCL

📍 BHAVYA Portal Launched
✅ BHAVYA stands for Bharat Audyogik Vikas Yojana
✅ Targets development of 100 world-class industrial parks
✅ Total outlay: ₹33,660 crore
✅ Implemented by NICDC
✅ First batch includes 20 industrial parks

📍 Joint Action Proposed for Yamuna Rejuvenation
✅ Delhi, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh urged to work together
✅ Focus on restoring ecological health of the Yamuna River
✅ Initiative emphasises coordinated interstate action

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 7.8 Magnitude Earthquake Hits Southern Philippines
✅ Offshore earthquake triggered tsunami warnings
✅ Epicentre near Maasim, Sarangani Province
✅ Tremors felt in parts of Indonesia
✅ Philippines lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire
✅ Ring of Fire accounts for around 90% of global earthquakes

🔆 AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

📍 President Confers Gallantry Awards
✅ Awards recognise acts of bravery, courage and self-sacrifice
✅ Conferred by the President of India
✅ Highest wartime award: Param Vir Chakra
✅ Highest peacetime award: Ashoka Chakra

🔆 SPORTS

📍 India Tops World Yogasana Championship 2026
✅ Championship held at EKA Arena, Ahmedabad
✅ Participation from 522 athletes across 79 countries
✅ India won 114 medals
✅ Medal tally: 102 Gold, 9 Silver, 3 Bronze
✅ India finished 1st overall

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🔆 SCHEMES

📍 PM Matru Vandana Yojana Strengthens Maternal Health
✅ Implemented under Mission Shakti from 1 April 2022
✅ ₹5,000 assistance for first child
✅ ₹6,000 assistance for second child if girl
✅ Promotes safe motherhood and institutional deliveries

📍 Centre Announces ₹95,692 Crore Interim Allocation under VB-G RAM G
✅ Interim allocation ensures uninterrupted rural employment
✅ Scheme to replace MGNREGA from 1 July 2026
✅ Announced amid concerns over possible El Niño
✅ Supports rural livelihoods during transition

🔆 SUMMITS & CONFERENCES

📍 Indore Hosts BRICS Agriculture Meeting 2026
✅ Held under India’s Presidency
✅ Agriculture Working Group: 9–11 June
✅ Ministers’ Meeting: 12–13 June
✅ Focus on food security, sustainable agriculture and technological innovation
✅ BRICS countries account for 42% of global agricultural production

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 NASA Unveils Artemis III Crew
✅ Mission prepares for future human lunar landings
✅ Crew will conduct Earth-orbit docking demonstrations
✅ Demonstration mission scheduled for 2027
✅ Revised human lunar landing targeted for 2028
✅ Part of NASA’s Artemis Programme

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 MoD Approves 250 MW Solar Power Project with BESS
✅ Project to be established at Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh
✅ First large-scale solar-plus-storage project on defence land
✅ Implemented by NTPC
✅ Strengthens energy security for Defence Forces
✅ Includes Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) for grid stability

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🔆 Suo Motu Cognisance and the Limits of Judicial Intervention

📍 Why in Focus?
✅ The increasing use of suo motu cognisance by the Supreme Court of India has sparked debate over judicial activism, separation of powers, and the role of lower courts.

📍 What is Suo Motu Cognisance?
✅ Suo motu means “on its own motion”.
✅ Empowers the Supreme Court and High Courts to initiate proceedings without a formal petition.
✅ Derived from the broad constitutional powers under Article 32 and Article 142.
✅ Evolved through the expansion of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) jurisprudence.

📍 Purpose
✅ Protect fundamental rights when affected persons cannot approach courts.
✅ Address grave injustices and constitutional violations.
✅ Respond to state inaction or systemic failures.
✅ Act as a constitutional safeguard in exceptional situations.

📍 Rise in Suo Motu Cases
✅ Increasingly used as an active judicial tool rather than a rare residual power.
✅ The Supreme Court registered more suo motu cases during 2020–24 than in the preceding fifteen years.
✅ Indicates growing judicial intervention in matters of public concern.

📍 Benefits of Suo Motu Jurisdiction
✅ Provides quick judicial response during emergencies.
✅ Protects vulnerable and marginalized groups.
✅ Ensures accountability of public authorities.
✅ Addresses issues involving human rights, governance failures, and environmental concerns.
✅ Strengthens public confidence in constitutional institutions.

📍 Concerns and Challenges
✅ Judicial Overreach: May blur the boundaries between judiciary, executive, and legislature.
✅ Media-Driven Intervention: High-profile cases receiving extensive media coverage often attract judicial attention.
✅ Bypassing Lower Courts: Frequent intervention may undermine confidence in subordinate courts.
✅ Selective Attention: Thousands of serious cases remain unheard while a few receive extraordinary monitoring.
✅ Institutional Burden: Diverts judicial resources from broader structural reforms.

📍 Need for Institutional Balance
✅ Respect the principle of Separation of Powers.
✅ Follow the principle of Subsidiarity, allowing lower courts and High Courts to address local matters first.
✅ Use suo motu powers primarily for systemic failures and constitutional crises.
✅ Strengthen trial courts through better infrastructure, staffing, and training.
✅ Establish objective guidelines for initiating suo motu proceedings.

📍 Way Forward
✅ Formulate transparent criteria for exercising suo motu jurisdiction.
✅ Focus on long-term judicial reforms rather than case-specific monitoring.
✅ Fill judicial vacancies and modernize court administration.
✅ Enhance coordination between the Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate judiciary.
✅ Preserve the exceptional nature of suo motu intervention.

📍 Significance
✅ Suo motu cognisance remains a powerful constitutional tool for protecting justice.
✅ However, excessive reliance may create perceptions of judicial paternalism and institutional overreach.
✅ A balance between judicial activism and judicial restraint is essential for maintaining constitutional governance.

📍 UPSC Relevance
✅ Prelims: Article 32, Article 142, PIL, Suo Motu Cognisance.
✅ Mains (GS2): Judiciary, Judicial Activism, Separation of Powers, Constitutional Governance, Judicial Reforms.
✅ Essay: Judicial Activism vs Judicial Restraint; Role of Judiciary in Democracy.

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GPSC Anmol Vachan

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🔆 COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL (CAG)

📍 Definition

✅ An independent Constitutional authority.

✅ Appointment: Appointed by the President of India.

✅ Removal: Can be removed in the same manner and on the same grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court.

Constitutional Basis
✅ Article 148 – Appointment and conditions of service of the CAG.

✅ Article 149 – Duties and powers of the CAG.

📍 Importance

✅ Head of the Indian Audit & Accounts Department.

✅ One of the bulwarks of the democratic system of government.

✅ Controls the entire financial system of the country at both the Centre and State levels.

✅ Acts as the guide, friend and philosopher of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC).

Substantiation
✅ Known as the Chief Guardian of the Public Purse.

✅ Enjoys a constitutional status comparable to bodies like the Election Commission and Public Service Commission.

✅ PAC is a Parliamentary Standing Committee created under the Government of India Act, 1919.

📍 Functions & Powers

✅ Auditing Power: Audits expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India and States.

✅ Advisory Role: Audits accounts of other authorities when requested by the President or Governor.

✅ Submission of Reports: Submits reports to the President, who lays them before both Houses of Parliament.

✅ Independence: Enjoys security of tenure.

Legal Provisions
✅ The Comptroller and Auditor General’s (Duties, Powers and Conditions of Service) Act, 1971.

✅ Article 151 – Deals with submission of audit reports.

✅ Article 279 – Certification of net proceeds, and the CAG’s certificate is final.

📍 Limitations

✅ Appointment Process: No prescribed eligibility criteria; the Prime Minister recommends one name from a list prepared by the Cabinet Secretary, with no formal role for the Opposition.

✅ Post-Mortem Analysis: Often criticised for conducting ex-post facto audits rather than proactive oversight.

✅ Delay in Reports: Audit reports are often submitted late.
➡️ Example: In 2018, presentation of 8 out of 17 audit reports was delayed by more than 90 days.

✅ Limited Audit over NGOs: No provision for auditing funds granted to NGOs.

📍 Conclusion

✅ As one of the pillars of India’s democratic accountability framework, the CAG should be strengthened with greater powers.
✅ Its recommendations should be made binding in nature to ensure effective financial accountability and transparency.

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