🔆 SCHEMES

📍 Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Shows Significant Progress
✅ Sex Ratio at Birth improved from 918 to 929
✅ Girls’ secondary enrolment increased from 75.51% to 80.2%
✅ Implemented by MWCD, MoHFW and Ministry of Education
✅ Launched on 22 January 2015
✅ Focuses on survival, protection and empowerment of the girl child

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 Global Wind Day 2026
✅ Observed on 15 June
✅ Theme: “Wind Energy: From Ambition to Acceleration”
✅ India hosts Global Wind Day Conference in Goa

📍 World Blood Donor Day 2026
✅ Observed on 14 June
✅ Theme: “One Drop of Humanity. Give Blood. Save Lives.”

🔆 SUMMITS & CONFERENCES

📍 52nd G7 Summit to be Held in France
✅ Scheduled from 15–17 June 2026
✅ Venue: Évian-les-Bains, France
✅ France becomes first country to host G7/G8 Summit twice at the same town

📍 BRICS Agriculture Ministers Adopt Indore Declaration
✅ Focus on Food Security, Agricultural Trade, Climate Resilience and Innovation
✅ BRICS countries account for nearly 50% of world population
✅ India to host BRICS Summit 2026
✅ Theme: “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 DRDO Validates ICBM Interception Capability
✅ Successfully tested AD-1, AD-2 and NASM-MR missiles
✅ Demonstrated capability to intercept ICBM-class threats
✅ Tests conducted at Integrated Test Range (ITR)
✅ Places India among nations with advanced Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) capability

🔆 COMMITTEES

📍 High-Level Technical Expert Committee on Labour Statistics Constituted
✅ Prof. Alakh N. Sharma appointed Chairman
✅ Committee to strengthen labour market indicators and statistics
✅ Focus on timely, granular and internationally comparable labour data

📍 NBA Reconstitutes Expert Committee on Agrobiodiversity
✅ Reconstituted under Biological Diversity Act, 2002
✅ P. L. Gautam appointed Co-Chair
✅ Tenure: One year
✅ Focus on agrobiodiversity conservation, sustainable use and Access & Benefit Sharing (ABS)

#CurrentAffairs

🔆 GEOGRAPHY MAINS ENRICHMENT | CLOUDBURSTS

PYQ: What is the phenomenon of cloudbursts? Explain.

📍 Introduction
✅ In 2024, Himachal Pradesh witnessed devastating cloudbursts in Shimla, Kullu and Mandi, triggering flash floods and widespread destruction.

📍 What is a Cloudburst?
✅ An extreme weather event in which 100 mm or more rainfall occurs within one hour over a localized area (20–30 sq. km).
✅ It is a form of convective precipitation caused by rapid condensation of moisture-laden air, usually in mountainous regions.

📍 Conditions Leading to Cloudbursts
✅ Orographic Uplift: Moist air rises rapidly over mountains, cools and condenses.
✅ High Moisture Content: Common during the monsoon season, especially when monsoon winds interact with Western Disturbances.
✅ Atmospheric Instability: Vertical cloud growth leads to torrential rainfall in a short duration.
✅ Poor Drainage: Mountain topography restricts quick runoff, causing flash floods and debris flows.

📍 Recent Examples
✅ Himachal Pradesh (2024): Shimla & Kullu cloudbursts caused landslides and house collapses.
✅ Uttarakhand (2023): Cloudburst near Kedarnath triggered flash floods.
✅ Ladakh (2021): Leh cloudburst caused massive destruction and loss of lives.

📍 Major Impacts
✅ Flash Floods & Landslides in Himalayan states.
✅ Infrastructure Damage to roads, bridges and hydropower projects.
✅ Loss of Lives & Livelihoods due to limited evacuation time.
✅ Urban Vulnerability increases with unplanned development in fragile regions.

📍 Way Forward
✅ Strengthen Doppler Weather Radar coverage and forecasting systems.
✅ Develop early warning mechanisms and community preparedness.
✅ Promote climate-resilient infrastructure and sustainable land-use planning.
✅ Improve disaster management capacity in ecologically sensitive mountain regions.

📍 Conclusion
✅ Cloudbursts are not merely meteorological events but climate-linked disasters requiring region-specific forecasting, resilient infrastructure and effective disaster preparedness to minimise future risks.

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CLOUDBURSTS
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🔆 Jalvahak Scheme – Cargo Promotion via Waterways

📍 About the Scheme
✅ Launched by: Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW).
✅ Implementing Agencies: Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) + Inland & Coastal Shipping Ltd (ICSL).
✅ Aim: Promote long-haul cargo transport on national waterways → cut logistics cost & reduce road/rail congestion.

📍 Coverage
✅ National Waterways:
• NW1 – River Ganga
• NW2 – River Brahmaputra
• NW16 – River Barak

📍 Key Features
✅ Incentives: Cargo owners get up to 35% reimbursement of operating costs (for >300 km).
✅ Scheduled sailings: Kolkata–Patna–Varanasi–Pandu (Assam).
✅ Validity: Initially 3 years.
✅ Target: Modal shift of 800 million tonne-km by 2027 with ₹95.4 crore investment.

📍 UPSC Relevance
GS3 – Infrastructure, Waterways, Transport policy
GS2 – Govt. Schemes & Policies

#Infrastructure #BlueEconomy

SSC CGL 2026 Online Application Date Extended

Last Date : 25th June, 2026

🔆 Role of SHGs (Self-Help Groups) in Governance

📍 About SHGs
✅ Informal associations of people who come together to improve their socio-economic conditions.

✅ Originated in 1975, Bangladesh under the initiative of Muhammad Yunus.

✅ Not governed by any specific Act; based on Article 19(1)(c) of the Constitution (Freedom to form associations).

📍 Role of SHGs in Governance

✅ Promoting Social Integrity
• Mobilize communities against social evils such as dowry, alcoholism, and environmental degradation.

✅ Voice to Marginalized Sections
• Empower women, SCs, STs, and weaker sections through collective representation.
• India has around 1.2 crore SHGs, nearly 88% women-led.

✅ Financial Inclusion
• Improve access to formal credit and banking services.
• SHG-Bank Linkage Programme (NABARD) has reduced dependence on moneylenders.

✅ Employment Generation
• Promote micro-enterprises and rural entrepreneurship.
• Examples: tailoring, grocery shops, handicrafts, repair services, etc.

✅ Leadership Development
• Create grassroots leaders and strengthen local governance.
• Example: Andhra Pradesh created nearly 1.4 lakh women leaders through SHGs.

📍 Issues & Challenges

✅ Inadequate Rural Banking Infrastructure
• High servicing costs discourage lending in remote areas.

✅ Poor Coverage
• Credit access remains weak in states like Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Odisha.

✅ Lack of Professionalism
• Weak accounting, record-keeping, and financial management.

✅ Insufficient Training
• Limited technical, managerial, and entrepreneurial skills.

✅ Inadequate Financial Assistance
• Credit availability often falls short of actual requirements.

✅ Lack of Stability
• Women-led SHGs may face disruptions due to migration after marriage.

✅ Limited Market Access
• SHG products often struggle to access larger markets.
• GeM Portal is helping improve market linkages.

📍 Way Forward

✅ Strengthen Financial Infrastructure
• Expand rural banking networks and institutional support through agencies like NABARD.

✅ Expand SHGs to Urban & Semi-Urban Areas
• Address growing urban poverty and livelihood challenges.
• Example: Mission Shakti SHGs in Odisha.

✅ Increase Coverage in Credit-Deficient Regions
• Focus on North-East states, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, etc.

✅ Capacity Building & Training
• Training in finance, bookkeeping, production, marketing, and digital literacy.

✅ Greater Focus on Social Development
• SHGs should actively contribute to health, sanitation, education, nutrition, and women empowerment.

📍 Conclusion
✅ SHGs have emerged as a powerful instrument of inclusive governance, financial inclusion, women empowerment, and grassroots development. Strengthening institutional support, training, and market access can further enhance their role in achieving sustainable and participatory governance.

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