11 August UPSC current affairs

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🔆 UNSC RESOLUTION 47 ON KASHMIR

📍 Context
✅ On 21 April 1948, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) adopted Resolution 47, proposing a roadmap to restore peace and hold a plebiscite in Jammu & Kashmir.

📍 What is Resolution 47?
✅ Formally titled “The India-Pakistan Question”
✅ Adopted under Chapter VI of the UN Charter
✅ Contains recommendations, not legally binding obligations
✅ Proposed a three-step process for resolving the Kashmir dispute

📍 Background
✅ October 1947: Pakistan-backed tribal raiders invaded Jammu & Kashmir
✅ Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession with India to obtain military assistance
✅ January 1948: India referred the matter to the UN, seeking action against Pakistan’s support for the invaders
✅ India believed the Instrument of Accession provided a strong legal basis for its claim

📍 Three-Step Formula
✅ Step 1: Pakistan to secure the withdrawal of tribesmen and Pakistani nationals from J&K
✅ Step 2: After verification, India to reduce its military presence to the minimum required for maintaining law and order
✅ Step 3: A UN-appointed Plebiscite Administrator to conduct a free and impartial plebiscite on accession to India or Pakistan

📍 Key Developments
✅ UNSC changed the agenda from “Jammu and Kashmir Question” to “India-Pakistan Question”, treating both as parties to a dispute
✅ During the early Cold War, the US and UK were perceived as favouring Pakistan due to strategic considerations
✅ Jawaharlal Nehru later expressed disappointment with the UN’s handling of the issue, viewing it as a lesson in international diplomacy

📍 Implications & Legacy
✅ Plebiscite was never conducted as the prerequisite withdrawal of Pakistani-supported forces was not completed
✅ India maintained that complete withdrawal was a precondition for any referendum
✅ Critics argue that referring the issue to the UN internationalised the dispute
✅ Simla Agreement (1972) established that India and Pakistan would resolve outstanding issues bilaterally, a position consistently upheld by India

📍 UPSC Prelims Pointers
✅ Adopted on 21 April 1948
✅ Passed under Chapter VI of the UN Charter
✅ Recommendations are non-binding
✅ Proposed Pakistan withdrawal → Indian troop reduction → Plebiscite
✅ Simla Agreement (1972) emphasised bilateral resolution of disputes

📝 UPSC Mains Practice Question (GS-2)
“Critically examine the significance of UNSC Resolution 47 on the Kashmir issue and discuss how subsequent developments, particularly the Simla Agreement, have shaped India’s position on the dispute.

#history #prelims #mains

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🔆 GOVERNANCE | DIGITAL INDIA

📍 Digital India Completes 11 Years of Transformation (1 July 2026)

✅ The Digital India Programme completes 11 years, emerging as the backbone of India’s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) and digital economy.

📍 Key Highlights

✅ Digital Economy
• Contributes 12–14% of India’s GDP
• Expected to contribute ~20% over the next decade.
• UPI accounts for nearly 49% of global real-time digital payment transactions.

✅ Digital Connectivity
• 2.15 lakh Gram Panchayats (97%) connected through BharatNet.
• 106.58 crore broadband subscribers.
• 6.5 lakh+ Common Service Centres (CSCs) and 1.6 lakh post offices delivering digital services.

📍 Nine Pillars of Digital India
✅ Broadband Highways
✅ Universal Mobile Connectivity
✅ Public Internet Access Programme
✅ e-Governance
✅ e-Kranti (Electronic Delivery of Services)
✅ Information for All
✅ Electronics Manufacturing
✅ IT for Jobs
✅ Early Harvest Programmes

📍 Major Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)
✅ JAM Trinity – Jan Dhan, Aadhaar & Mobile
• 57.78 crore Jan Dhan accounts.
• 144+ crore Aadhaar enrolments.
• 109+ crore internet users.
• ₹51 lakh crore+ transferred through DBT.

📍 Flagship Digital Platforms
🔹 DigiLocker – 70.69 crore users; 850+ crore digital documents.
🔹 UPI – Transactions increased from 2 crore (FY17) to 24,162 crore (FY26); available in 9 countries.
🔹 eSanjeevani – 48 crore+ teleconsultations.
🔹 GeM – ₹18.4 lakh crore cumulative GMV.
🔹 ONDC
• 20 crore+ buyers
• 5 lakh sellers
• Presence in 1,000 cities
🔹 UMANG
• Expanded from 166 to 2,572 government services.
🔹 POSHAN Tracker
• Covers 13.35 lakh Anganwadi Centres
• Serves 8.9 crore+ beneficiaries
🔹 PM GatiShakti
• 352 projects worth ₹16.10 lakh crore evaluated
🔹 MY Bharat
• 2.21 crore+ youth registered.
🔹 AgriStack
• 9.20 crore+ Farmer IDs generated.
🔹 DIKSHA
• 2 crore+ registered users.

📍 Digital Skilling
✅ PMGDISHA – 6.39 crore rural citizens digitally trained.
✅ FutureSkills Prime – 26 lakh+ learners.
✅ Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH) – 32 lakh+ enrolments.
✅ IndiaAI Mission – Promoting AI infrastructure, skilling and responsible AI.

📍 Global Leadership
✅ India has signed MoUs with 24 countries on India Stack & Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) cooperation.
✅ Platforms such as Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker, CoWIN, GeM, UMANG and eSanjeevani are becoming global models of digital governance.

📍 UPSC Prelims Facts
✅ DPI – Digital Public Infrastructure
✅ JAM – Jan Dhan + Aadhaar + Mobile
✅ ONDC – Open Network for Digital Commerce
✅ GeM – Government e-Marketplace
✅ DIKSHA – Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing
✅ APAAR – Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry

#Governance #ScienceAndTechnology

🔆 Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship & Awards

📍 Why in News?
✅ The President of India will confer the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowships (Akademi Ratna) and Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards (Akademi Puraskar) for 2024 and 2025 at an investiture ceremony at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi

🔆 About the Awards

📍 Akademi Ratna
✅ Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship is the highest national honour conferred by India’s apex body for performing arts
✅ Limited to a maximum of 40 living eminent personalities at any given time
✅ First Akademi Fellow was elected in 1954

📍 Akademi Puraskar
✅ Premier national award recognising gurus, scholars and practitioners for sustained contribution and excellence in performing arts

🔆 Sangeet Natak Akademi

✅ Established in 1953 as the National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama
✅ Autonomous body under the Ministry of Culture
✅ Music awards originated as Presidential Awards in 1951 and were later integrated into the Akademi framework

🔆 Award Categories

📍 Music
✅ Hindustani – Vocal & Instrumental
✅ Carnatic – Vocal & Instrumental
✅ Sugam Sangeet
✅ Major traditions of Indian music

📍 Dance
✅ Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Manipuri, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Sattriya, Mohiniattam and Chhau
✅ Contemporary dance
✅ Music for dance

📍 Theatre
✅ Playwriting, direction and acting
✅ Lighting, scenic design, costumes and theatre music
✅ Traditional theatre forms

📍 Traditional, Folk & Tribal Arts
✅ Regional music and dance
✅ Puppetry and Mime
✅ Instrument-making and mask-making

📍 Overall Contribution & Scholarship
✅ Research, books, art criticism and overall contribution to performing arts

🔆 Award Benefits

📍 Akademi Ratna
✅ Cash award – ₹3 lakh
✅ Tamrapatra
✅ Angavastram
✅ Annual medical insurance cover up to ₹1.5 lakh

📍 Akademi Puraskar
✅ Cash award – ₹1 lakh
✅ Tamrapatra
✅ Angavastram
✅ Annual medical insurance cover up to ₹1 lakh

🔆 Eligibility & Selection

📍 Age Criteria
✅ Akademi Ratna – ordinarily 50 years or above
✅ Akademi Puraskar – ordinarily 35 years or above

📍 Eligibility
✅ Open to individuals without distinction of nationality, race, caste, religion or sex
✅ Institutions and associations are not eligible

📍 Nomination & Selection
✅ Nominations can be submitted by existing Fellows, General Council members, State Akademies and heads of universities
✅ Final selection is made by the General Council
✅ If unanimity is not reached, selection requires a three-fourths majority

📍 Restriction
✅ Serving members of the General Council and Executive Board are not eligible for consideration during their tenure

🔆 Prelims Facts
✅ Sangeet Natak Akademi → Established 1953
✅ Ministry → Ministry of Culture
✅ Akademi Ratna → Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship
✅ Maximum Fellows → 40 living personalities
✅ First Akademi Fellow → 1954
✅ Akademi Puraskar → National award for performing arts
✅ Music Presidential Awards → Originated in 1951

#prelims
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11th August editorial summary

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12th August editorial summary

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 12 AUGUST 2026

🔆 GEOGRAPHY

📍 Lake Mead – Record-Low Water Level
✅ Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States, reached 1,040.4 ft, its lowest level since filling began around 90 years ago
✅ Causes: severe drought, poor Rocky Mountain snowpack, overuse and rising temperatures
✅ Impact: threatens water supplies for around 40 million people
✅ Also affects hydropower, agriculture and wildlife across seven US states and Mexico

📍 Colombia Earthquake – 2026
✅ A 7.4-magnitude earthquake struck Colombia’s Chocó region on 10 August 2026
✅ Epicentre: coastal Chocó region
✅ Depth: approximately 100 km
✅ Reported impact: 111 deaths, 87 injuries and 1,000+ damaged buildings
✅ Majorly affected areas included Pereira, Cali and Quibdó

🔆 SOCIAL ISSUES

📍 Lebanon Ends Death Penalty
✅ Lebanon’s Parliament voted to abolish capital punishment
✅ According to the provided source, Lebanon became the first country in the Middle East to formally end the death penalty
✅ Last execution in Lebanon was carried out in 2004

🔆 ENVIRONMENT

📍 V.O. Chidambaranar Port – Scope-2 Emission-Free
✅ V.O. Chidambaranar Port, Tuticorin became India’s first Scope-2 emission-free major port
✅ Certified by Bureau Veritas for energy management
✅ 93.89% of its power comes from renewable sources
✅ Uses solar, wind, battery storage, EV infrastructure and shore-to-ship power systems
✅ Developing a Green Hydrogen Hub
✅ Plans include a 3 MW green hydrogen production plant and green methanol bunkering/refuelling facility

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 NASA–ISRO Moon Base Programme
✅ NASA invited ISRO to participate in its Moon Base programme under the Artemis Accords
✅ Invitation followed the 9th India–US Civil Space Joint Working Group meeting in Bengaluru
✅ Programme planned in three phases
✅ Aim: establish humanity’s first outpost on another celestial body near the lunar South Pole
✅ Focus: open scientific data sharing, civil & commercial space cooperation and human-spaceflight technologies
✅ Builds on cooperation including the NISAR mission
✅ Aligns with the US–India TRUST Initiative

📍 Glueball
✅ Glueballs are hypothetical particles composed entirely of gluons, the carriers of the strong nuclear force
✅ Gluons can interact with one another because they carry colour charge
✅ X(2370) has emerged as a candidate for a glueball
✅ New evidence from BESIII has revealed properties supporting the glueball interpretation
✅ Significance: potential evidence for a form of matter made purely from fundamental-force carriers

📍 Dirac Medal 2026 – Deepak Dhar
✅ Indian physicist Deepak Dhar received the Dirac Medal 2026
✅ Shared the honour with Bernard Derrida, Marc Mézard and Haim Sompolinsky
✅ Awarded by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste
✅ Recognised for pioneering contributions to statistical mechanics and complex systems
✅ Developed the Abelian sandpile model, explaining how simple interactions can produce large-scale cascades
✅ Second Indian recipient after Ashoke Sen (2012)

📍 Param Pragya – AI Supercomputing Facility
✅ Param Pragya was inaugurated at the IIT Delhi Sonipat campus
✅ A high-performance computing facility designed for AI, data science and advanced computing
✅ Supports interdisciplinary research and computationally intensive applications

🔆 MISCELLANEOUS

📍 Blue Heart – Ahmedabad’s Man-Made Lake
✅ A newly developed man-made lake in Ahmedabad, created with Dutch expertise
✅ Closed-loop design prevents wastewater ingress
✅ Depth profile designed to prevent stratification and phosphorus loading
✅ Continuous water circulation reduces stagnant conditions favourable to algal blooms
✅ Helps prevent eutrophication and supports biodiversity
✅ Features include promenade, kayak trail and riparian vegetation

📍 India at International Linguistics Olympiad (IOL) 2026
✅ 23rd International Linguistics Olympiad held in Romania
✅ Tests logic, reasoning and pattern recognition through unfamiliar languages
✅ India won 1 Gold, 3 Bronze medals and 1 Honourable Mention
✅ Gold: Shrilakshmi Venkatraman
✅ Bronze: Aarav Anil Rao, Nishanth Shankar Lakshmanan and Advay Misra
✅ Honourable Mention: Soham Amit Pednekar
✅ India’s overall tally since 2009 reached 37 medals, according to the provided source
✅ Supported by IIIT Hyderabad’s Language Technologies Research Centre through mentorship of the Panini Linguistics Olympiad team

#CurrentAffairs

12 August UPSC current affairs

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