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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 26 AUGUST 2026 | WEDNESDAY

🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES

📍 UNCERD – Grave Concern on Rights in India
🟢 UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (UNCERD) expressed grave concern over alleged violations involving SCs, STs, Dalits, Bengali-speaking Muslims, non-citizens and Rohingya refugees
🟢 Reports cited concerns over racially motivated violence, excessive force, extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detention, torture and sexual violence
🟢 Concerns linked to increased police check posts, racial profiling and targeted operations
🟢 UNCERD recommended prompt investigation of alleged violations, action against hate speech/crimes and respect for the principle of non-refoulement
🟢 India’s delegation rejected the findings as sweeping generalisations, citing constitutional safeguards and the existing legal framework

📍 Operation Economic Outcast – US Sanctions on Indian Firms
🟢 The US sanctioned four India-based companies under Operation Economic Outcast
🟢 Action relates to importing or facilitating Iranian petroleum and petrochemical products
🟢 Transactions involving Iranian petroleum products were valued at around USD 119 million
🟢 US authorities stated that the measures aim to restrict Iran’s financial resources and warned trading partners of penalties

📍 9th National Security Strategies Conference
🟢 Security agencies directed to intensify measures against infiltration
🟢 Focus on using AI-based analysis on Multi-Agency Centre (MAC) platforms and developing SOPs
🟢 Key areas: counter-terrorism, narcotics control, illegal migration, cybercrime and proxy warfare
🟢 Discussions also covered trial in absentia for fugitives, UAPA investigations, sub-aerial threats, blue economy security, information warfare and biosecurity
🟢 Over 850 participants, including senior police officials, CAPFs and domain experts, attended the conference

🔆 AGRICULTURE

📍 Periyar Kullan – National Recognition
🟢 ICAR-NBAGR recognised Periyar Kullan as Kerala’s second indigenous cattle breed, after the Vechur cow
🟢 Also known as Kuttampuzha cattle and Andukanni
🟢 Mainly found in central Kerala, particularly Ernakulam and Thrissur regions
🟢 Population estimated at around 1,000 cattle
🟢 Small-to-medium-sized cattle weighing around 150–200 kg
🟢 Adapted to semi-feral and silvopastoral grazing systems
🟢 Milk yield: around 2.5–4 litres/day
🟢 Milk contains A2 beta-casein, with about 4.5% fat and 9.1% SNF

🔆 ENVIRONMENT

📍 Assam Elephant Habitat Recovery
🟢 Assam Forest Department and Aaranyak are managing invasive alien plants in Khalingduar Reserve Forest, Udalguri
🟢 Major invasive species removed: Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata and Mikania micrantha
🟢 Cleared biomass is converted into biochar
🟢 Seed-ball regeneration is used to restore grasses, herbs and shrubs
🟢 Biochar is a porous, charcoal-like material produced by heating organic biomass with little or no oxygen
🟢 Restoration aims to recover the elephant forage base, support herbivores and improve habitat quality

📍 Construction Restrictions around Jojari River
🟢 Supreme Court prohibited construction within 100 metres of the Jojari River
🟢 Hazardous industries prohibited within 500 metres of the flood line/flow path
🟢 Jojari and Bandi rivers eventually merge with the Luni River near Balotra
🟢 Restrictions introduced as an interim safeguard against river pollution and ecological damage
🟢 Rajasthan Government directed to prepare a 20-point resolution plan
🟢 An Integrated Coordination Group has also been formed
🟢 Industrial relocation may be required to protect the riverine ecosystem

🔆 SECURITY

📍 ICGS Ajit – Fast Patrol Vessel
🟢 Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) handed over ICGS Ajit (Yard 1277) to the Indian Coast Guard
🟢 Indigenous content exceeds 65%
🟢 Dimensions: 51.43 m long and 8 m wide
🟢 Displacement: 330 tonnes
🟢 Maximum speed: 27+ knots
🟢 Endurance: 1,500 nautical miles
🟢 Crew: 6 officers and 35 sailors
🟢 Roles include EEZ surveillance, fisheries protection, coastal patrolling, anti-smuggling, anti-piracy and search & rescue

📍 First All-Women Commando Course – CISF
🟢 CISF launched its first all-women commando training course
🟢 30 women personnel undergoing an 8-week advanced course at Barwaha, Madhya Pradesh
🟢 Training includes physical fitness, weapons training, live-fire drills, rappelling and survival exercises
🟢 Commandos will serve in Quick Reaction Teams and Special Task Forces
🟢 First phase plans to train 100 women from aviation security and sensitive units
🟢 Around 2,400 recruits are expected to undergo training next year
🟢 Aim is to increase women’s representation in CISF from 8% to 10%

🔆 MISCELLANEOUS

📍 Judicial Service Practice Requirement
🟢 Supreme Court reduced the mandatory legal practice requirement for entry-level judicial service examinations from 3 years to 1 year
🟢 Candidates appearing between 25 May 2025 and 31 March 2027 are eligible irrespective of prior practice experience
🟢 Selected candidates will undergo 1 year of academy training + 1 year of structured clerkship
🟢 The May 2025 ruling had introduced the 3-year practice requirement for fresh graduates
🟢 Modification seeks to balance practical legal exposure with judicial training and ease entry into the judicial service

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26 August UPSC current affairs

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🔆 53rd PRAGATI Meeting — ₹30,000 Crore Infrastructure Projects, AgriStack & Cyber Fraud

📍 Why in News?
🟢 The 53rd PRAGATI meeting, chaired by the Prime Minister, reviewed 6 infrastructure projects worth over ₹30,000 crore across 9 States.
🟢 The meeting also focused on AgriStack + AI-driven agriculture and coordinated action against cyber fraud, including ‘digital arrest’ scams.

📍 What is PRAGATI?
🟢 PRAGATI stands for Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation.
🟢 It is an ICT-enabled multi-modal platform, launched in March 2015.
🟢 It enables direct and real-time review of major infrastructure and social-sector projects by the Prime Minister along with Central and State officials.
🟢 It integrates data from CPGRAMS, Project Monitoring Group (PMG) and government programme dashboards.
🟢 Meetings are generally held once every two months.

📍 53rd PRAGATI Meeting — Key Highlights
🟢 6 infrastructure projects reviewed across 9 States.
🟢 Sectors covered: Railways, Roads and Power.
🟢 Project investment: ₹30,000+ crore.
🟢 Projects should be monitored end-to-end, ensuring that completion of individual packages ultimately results in commissioning of the entire project.
🟢 States and Ministries were encouraged to explore common utility corridors for telecom, power and water alongside major transport corridors.
🟢 Modern technology and stronger quality-assurance mechanisms should accompany faster project implementation.

📍 AgriStack + AI
🟢 The meeting emphasised using AI and digital technologies to derive greater value from India’s agricultural data ecosystem.
🟢 Applications can extend from input planning to post-harvest processing.
🟢 It can support evidence-based policymaking and better targeting of farmers.

📍 AgriStack — Prelims
🟢 AgriStack is a Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) for agriculture under the Digital Agriculture Mission.
🟢 It comprises three major layers:
🟢 Farmers’ Registry — linked with Aadhaar and land records.
🟢 Crop Sown Registry.
🟢 Digital Crop Survey.
🟢 Intended applications include targeted subsidies, credit access, crop-insurance claims and AI-based agricultural advisory.
🟢 Key concerns include data privacy, possible misuse of land-holding data and exclusion of unlinked farmers.

📍 Cyber Fraud & ‘Digital Arrest’
🟢 Digital arrest is a cyber-fraud technique in which criminals impersonate law-enforcement or government officials and threaten victims with fictitious legal action to extort money.
🟢 It is not a legally recognised form of arrest.
🟢 The government response involves institutions and mechanisms such as I4C, Sanchar Saathi and the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal (NCRP).
🟢 The meeting stressed public awareness, particularly among senior citizens, youth and other vulnerable groups.
🟢 It also called for capacity-building of enforcement personnel and stronger inter-agency coordination.

📍 Institutions & Terms — Prelims
🟢 PRAGATI: Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation.
🟢 CPGRAMS: Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System.
🟢 PMG: Project Monitoring Group.
🟢 AgriStack: Agricultural Digital Public Infrastructure.
🟢 I4C: Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre under MHA.
🟢 NCRP: National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal.
🟢 Digital Arrest: Cyber-fraud method involving impersonation of officials and coercion.

📍 Significance
🟢 PRAGATI strengthens Centre-State coordination and helps resolve inter-agency bottlenecks in project implementation.
🟢 Its end-to-end approach can shift infrastructure governance from fragmented monitoring to outcome-oriented delivery.
🟢 Integration of AI with AgriStack can improve evidence-based agricultural governance and targeted service delivery.
🟢 Coordinated cyber-fraud response can strengthen citizen protection and institutional capacity in the digital economy.

#pib #Governance

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 28 AUGUST 2026 | FRIDAY

🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES

📍 Palestine Action
🟢 The US designated UK-based Palestine Action as a foreign terrorist group
🟢 Palestine Action had already been banned by the British government
🟢 Other groups designated as terrorist organisations:
• Autistici/Inventati (A/I Collective) – Italy-based
• Masar Badil – Pro-Palestinian organisation

📍 Africa Health Workforce Agenda 2026–2035
🟢 African health ministers adopted the Africa Health Workforce Agenda 2026–2035
🟢 Target: Educate, employ and retain 3 million additional health workers by 2035
🟢 Health workforce density target: 27 to 47 per 10,000 population
🟢 Unemployment target: 27% to 13%
🟢 Strategy: “Plan, Train, Retain”
🟢 Focuses on data-driven planning, competency-based training and improved retention
🟢 Seeks to address diagnostic and treatment gaps
🟢 By 2035, targets include:
• 80% countries adopting workforce strategies and education reforms
• 70% implementing staffing norms
• 100% reporting through national workforce accounts
🟢 Aims to raise the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Service Coverage Index from 51 (2024) to 60 (2035)

🔆 ECONOMY

📍 World’s Fastest-Growing Container Port
🟢 Jawaharlal Nehru Port emerged as the world’s fastest-growing container port
🟢 Reached 21st position globally
🟢 Recorded 13.6% growth in container throughput during the first half of 2026
🟢 Outpaced all other ports among the world’s top 30 ports in growth
🟢 Highlights the growing importance of India’s maritime and logistics sector

🔆 ENVIRONMENT

📍 Three New Elephant Corridors in Tamil Nadu
🟢 Three elephant corridors in the Cauvery North Wildlife Sanctuary, Hosur Forest Division, have been submitted for recognition
🟢 Jawalagiri–Ulbanda–Thaggatti Corridor – 18.50 km
🟢 Jawalagiri–Panai–Anchetty Corridor – 20.90 km
🟢 Bilikkal–Jawalagiri Corridor – 2.20 km
🟢 These corridors facilitate elephant movement across the wider landscape
🟢 They provide vital connectivity between elephant habitats and support long-term wildlife conservation

🔆 SECURITY

📍 Sahyog Hop-Tac 2026
🟢 The 2nd edition of the joint maritime exercise Sahyog Hop-Tac concluded off the Chennai coast
🟢 Participants:
• 8 Indian Coast Guard ships
• 6 aircraft
• Vietnam Coast Guard ship CSB 8002
🟢 Objective: Enhance tactical interoperability and standardise emergency response procedures
🟢 Focused on search-and-rescue operations and maritime emergency protocols
🟢 Strengthens India–Vietnam maritime security cooperation in the Indo-Pacific

📍 Delivery of Indigenous MPV ‘Samarthak’
🟢 Indian Navy received its first indigenous Multi-Purpose Vessel (MPV), Samarthak
🟢 Delivered by L&T, Kattupalli
🟢 Built with over 75% indigenous material
🟢 Serves as a versatile platform for:
• Trials and evaluation
• Maritime surveillance and reconnaissance
• Offshore patrolling
• Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR)
🟢 Samarthak means “The Proponent”, signifying a dependable enabler for multiple missions

🔆 SCIENCE

📍 World’s First Pinhole Pupilloplasty Centre
🟢 Tamil Nadu Chief Minister inaugurated the dedicated Pinhole Pupilloplasty (PPP) Centre at Dr. Agarwal’s Eye Hospital, Chennai
🟢 PPP technique developed by Amar Agarwal
🟢 Creates a small pinhole in the clear corneal region to improve vision
🟢 Blocks scattered light and improves focus on the retina
🟢 Useful for patients with:
• Corneal scars
• Irregular corneas
• High optical aberrations
🟢 Offers an alternative for patients awaiting donor corneal transplantation
🟢 Can potentially avoid lifelong medication associated with certain transplant procedures

📍 AstraZeneca–Amgen Asthma Drug
🟢 Tezspire met its main goals in a late-stage trial for eosinophilic oesophagitis
🟢 Developed by AstraZeneca and Amgen
🟢 It is a monoclonal antibody that blocks TSLP, a protein involved in inflammation
🟢 Eosinophils are white blood cells associated with inflammatory conditions, including severe asthma
🟢 Trial results showed reduced oesophageal inflammation and improved swallowing difficulties
🟢 Tezspire is already approved in several countries as an add-on treatment for severe asthma

🔆 MISCELLANEOUS

📍 First Certificate for 15-Metre Sleeper Bus
🟢 International Centre for Automotive Technology (ICAT) issued the first compliance certificate for a 15-metre multi-axle sleeper bus
🟢 Certified under:
• Central Motor Vehicles Rules (CMVR)
• AIS-119
• AIS-153
🟢 Evaluation covered:
• Safety
• Structural integrity
• Passenger accommodation
• Passenger comfort
🟢 Marks a significant milestone in certification of long-format passenger vehicles in India.

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Sociology optional paper 1

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