🔆 GURUDWARA REFORM MOVEMENT
📍 Background
🟢 The Singh Sabha Movement (1873) began at Amritsar, promoting Western education among Sikhs and countering the influence of Christian missions and Hindu revivalist groups.
📍 Akali Movement
🟢 An offshoot of the Singh Sabha Movement, it aimed to free Sikh Gurudwaras from corrupt mahants supported by the British government.
🟢 In 1921, the Akalis launched a mass, non-violent Satyagraha against mahants to transfer Gurudwara management to local devotees.
📍 Government Response
🟢 The British enacted the Sikh Gurdwara Act, 1922, amended in 1925, transferring control of Gurudwaras to Sikh reformers.
🟢 As the movement increasingly aligned with the national movement, the government used repression against its more radical sections.
📍 Significance
🟢 The Akalis participated in India’s freedom struggle. Although the movement had a sectarian character, it was not considered a communal movement.
🔆 MAINS QUESTION
Discuss the role of the Gurudwara Reform Movement in Sikh religious reform and India’s national movement.
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
📍 Background
🟢 The Singh Sabha Movement (1873) began at Amritsar, promoting Western education among Sikhs and countering the influence of Christian missions and Hindu revivalist groups.
📍 Akali Movement
🟢 An offshoot of the Singh Sabha Movement, it aimed to free Sikh Gurudwaras from corrupt mahants supported by the British government.
🟢 In 1921, the Akalis launched a mass, non-violent Satyagraha against mahants to transfer Gurudwara management to local devotees.
📍 Government Response
🟢 The British enacted the Sikh Gurdwara Act, 1922, amended in 1925, transferring control of Gurudwaras to Sikh reformers.
🟢 As the movement increasingly aligned with the national movement, the government used repression against its more radical sections.
📍 Significance
🟢 The Akalis participated in India’s freedom struggle. Although the movement had a sectarian character, it was not considered a communal movement.
🔆 MAINS QUESTION
Discuss the role of the Gurudwara Reform Movement in Sikh religious reform and India’s national movement.
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
❤2
Forwarded from CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF CDS NDA
#Launch_Alert 50 day Left EPFO APFC EXAM
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#goodmorning
⏳213 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳301 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳94 day left APPSC prelims 24 jan
⏳59 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳54 days left HPAS prelims 13 dec
⏳45 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳39 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳32 days left Ifos mains 22 November
⏳25 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳07 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
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⏳213 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳301 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳94 day left APPSC prelims 24 jan
⏳59 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳54 days left HPAS prelims 13 dec
⏳45 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳39 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳32 days left Ifos mains 22 November
⏳25 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳07 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
#Target
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#Accountability
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🔆 ONE-LINERS | 20 OCTOBER 2026
🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
📍 World Health Summit 2026
🟢 Held on 11–13 October 2026 in Berlin, Germany, and online.
🟢 Theme: “From Crisis to Resilience – Innovating for Health.”
🟢 Participation: 4,000+ on-site participants, 50,000+ online attendees, 400+ speakers and 76+ sessions.
🟢 Key issues: pandemic preparedness, global health governance, women’s and children’s health, conflict-related health challenges and environmental determinants of health.
🟢 The Lancet Commission highlighted potential catastrophic threats from malicious AI use and nuclear conflict.
🟢 Announced initiatives included a planned €250 million Bangladesh–European Investment Bank programme for women’s health and district hospitals, and a USD 100 million commitment by the Gates Foundation and Wellcome Leap for the Uzima Stillbirth Prevention Program.
🟢 2027 regional meeting: Scheduled for 7–9 May in Hong Kong under the theme “Health Across Borders.”
📍 Pakistan to Chair IMF–World Bank Boards in 2027
🟢 Pakistan was selected as the incoming Chair of the Boards of Governors of the IMF and World Bank Group for 2027.
🟢 Ahad Khan Cheema, Pakistan’s Minister for Economic Affairs and World Bank Governor, will serve as Chair.
🟢 Announced during the 2026 IMF–World Bank Annual Meetings in Bangkok, Thailand, held from 12–18 October.
🟢 Pakistan will hold the chairmanship for the first time since 1953.
🟢 Current IMF support to Pakistan includes a USD 7 billion Extended Fund Facility (EFF) and a USD 1.4 billion Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF).
🟢 An additional USD 1.2 billion was expected, subject to approval by the IMF Executive Board.
🔆 ENVIRONMENT
📍 Three New Centipede Species in South India
🟢 Scientists described three new species: Rhysida quadrispinosa, R. coorgensis and R. neyyarensis.
🟢 India’s known Rhysida species increased to 23.
🟢 Research involved the Zoological Survey of India’s Western Ghats Regional Centre, Kozhikode, and Malabar Christian College.
🟢 Centipedes belong to the arthropod class Chilopoda; they are terrestrial predators with one pair of legs per trunk segment.
🟢 Their first pair of appendages forms venom-delivering structures called forcipules.
🟢 R. coorgensis and R. neyyarensis are named after Coorg, Karnataka, and Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, respectively.
📍 Spot-bellied Eagle-Owl
🟢 First verified photographic record in Kozhikode district, Kerala, at Janakikadu Forest along the Kuttiyadi River.
🟢 Scientific name: Bubo nipalensis (also classified as Ketupa nipalensis).
🟢 Also known locally as Kolliyan and Kattumoonga.
🟢 Measures approximately 55–65 cm in length, weighs up to 2.5 kg and may have a wingspan of 1.7 metres.
🟢 A nocturnal predator of snakes, birds and small mammals; known for its distinctive, loud calls.
🟢 IUCN status: Least Concern.
🔆 SECURITY
📍 JWALA-MK1 Micro-Missile
🟢 Developed by Indian private defence technology firm IG Defence as an indigenous short-range surface-to-air micro-missile.
🟢 Designed to physically destroy hostile drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
🟢 Engagement range: 2–5 km; altitude range: 50–5,000 metres.
🟢 Uses a dual-pulse solid rocket motor, fin-controlled guidance and a pre-fragmented high-explosive warhead.
🟢 Designed for launch within 7 seconds of detection, with a claimed circular error probable of under 2 metres at maximum range.
🟢 Integrated with the AI-enabled GRID Defend ecosystem, linking radar, command networks and electronic warfare systems.
🟢 Designed to operate in GPS-denied and electronically contested environments as a cost-effective counter-drone option.
🔆 MISCELLANEOUS
📍 AUSTRAHIND 2026
🟢 The fifth edition of the India–Australia Joint Military Exercise commenced on 19 October 2026 at the Foreign Training Node, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
🟢 Scheduled for 19 October–1 November 2026.
🟢 Focus: joint sub-conventional operations in island and coastal environments under Chapter VII of the UN framework.
🟢 Approximately 120 personnel from each country are participating.
🟢 Indian contingent: Garhwal Rifles; Australian contingent: 13th Brigade.
🟢 The previous edition was held in Perth, Australia, in 2025.
📍 International Day for the Eradication of Poverty — 17 October
🟢 2026–2028 campaign theme: “United for Peace and Human Rights.”
🟢 2026 focus: “Safe Homes for All,” highlighting adequate and secure housing as a foundation for dignity and social inclusion.
🟢 Observed annually on 17 October; established by the UN General Assembly in 1992 through Resolution 47/196.
🟢 Its historical roots trace to a gathering of over 100,000 people in Paris on 17 October 1987, initiated by Joseph Wresinski.
🟢 The campaign highlights housing inadequacy, energy access, extreme poverty and multidimensional poverty.
📍 World Menopause Day — 18 October
🟢 Organised by the International Menopause Society (IMS).
🟢 2026 theme: “Chronic Pain at Midlife – From Recognition to Evidence-Based Care.”
🟢 Focuses on chronic pain, joint aches and persistent physical discomfort during and after the menopause transition.
🟢 Promotes evidence-based, individualised care and greater recognition of women’s midlife health concerns.
📍 World Osteoporosis Day — 20 October
🟢 Led globally by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF).
🟢 2026 theme: “Build, Protect, Strengthen Your Bones for Life.”
🟢 Osteoporosis is often called a silent disease because bone loss may remain unnoticed until a fracture occurs.
🟢 Key prevention measures: weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D, healthy lifestyle, risk assessment and timely bone-density testing.
🟢 Early diagnosis and treatment are important for people at increased fracture
#CurrentAffairs
🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
📍 World Health Summit 2026
🟢 Held on 11–13 October 2026 in Berlin, Germany, and online.
🟢 Theme: “From Crisis to Resilience – Innovating for Health.”
🟢 Participation: 4,000+ on-site participants, 50,000+ online attendees, 400+ speakers and 76+ sessions.
🟢 Key issues: pandemic preparedness, global health governance, women’s and children’s health, conflict-related health challenges and environmental determinants of health.
🟢 The Lancet Commission highlighted potential catastrophic threats from malicious AI use and nuclear conflict.
🟢 Announced initiatives included a planned €250 million Bangladesh–European Investment Bank programme for women’s health and district hospitals, and a USD 100 million commitment by the Gates Foundation and Wellcome Leap for the Uzima Stillbirth Prevention Program.
🟢 2027 regional meeting: Scheduled for 7–9 May in Hong Kong under the theme “Health Across Borders.”
📍 Pakistan to Chair IMF–World Bank Boards in 2027
🟢 Pakistan was selected as the incoming Chair of the Boards of Governors of the IMF and World Bank Group for 2027.
🟢 Ahad Khan Cheema, Pakistan’s Minister for Economic Affairs and World Bank Governor, will serve as Chair.
🟢 Announced during the 2026 IMF–World Bank Annual Meetings in Bangkok, Thailand, held from 12–18 October.
🟢 Pakistan will hold the chairmanship for the first time since 1953.
🟢 Current IMF support to Pakistan includes a USD 7 billion Extended Fund Facility (EFF) and a USD 1.4 billion Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF).
🟢 An additional USD 1.2 billion was expected, subject to approval by the IMF Executive Board.
🔆 ENVIRONMENT
📍 Three New Centipede Species in South India
🟢 Scientists described three new species: Rhysida quadrispinosa, R. coorgensis and R. neyyarensis.
🟢 India’s known Rhysida species increased to 23.
🟢 Research involved the Zoological Survey of India’s Western Ghats Regional Centre, Kozhikode, and Malabar Christian College.
🟢 Centipedes belong to the arthropod class Chilopoda; they are terrestrial predators with one pair of legs per trunk segment.
🟢 Their first pair of appendages forms venom-delivering structures called forcipules.
🟢 R. coorgensis and R. neyyarensis are named after Coorg, Karnataka, and Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, respectively.
📍 Spot-bellied Eagle-Owl
🟢 First verified photographic record in Kozhikode district, Kerala, at Janakikadu Forest along the Kuttiyadi River.
🟢 Scientific name: Bubo nipalensis (also classified as Ketupa nipalensis).
🟢 Also known locally as Kolliyan and Kattumoonga.
🟢 Measures approximately 55–65 cm in length, weighs up to 2.5 kg and may have a wingspan of 1.7 metres.
🟢 A nocturnal predator of snakes, birds and small mammals; known for its distinctive, loud calls.
🟢 IUCN status: Least Concern.
🔆 SECURITY
📍 JWALA-MK1 Micro-Missile
🟢 Developed by Indian private defence technology firm IG Defence as an indigenous short-range surface-to-air micro-missile.
🟢 Designed to physically destroy hostile drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
🟢 Engagement range: 2–5 km; altitude range: 50–5,000 metres.
🟢 Uses a dual-pulse solid rocket motor, fin-controlled guidance and a pre-fragmented high-explosive warhead.
🟢 Designed for launch within 7 seconds of detection, with a claimed circular error probable of under 2 metres at maximum range.
🟢 Integrated with the AI-enabled GRID Defend ecosystem, linking radar, command networks and electronic warfare systems.
🟢 Designed to operate in GPS-denied and electronically contested environments as a cost-effective counter-drone option.
🔆 MISCELLANEOUS
📍 AUSTRAHIND 2026
🟢 The fifth edition of the India–Australia Joint Military Exercise commenced on 19 October 2026 at the Foreign Training Node, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
🟢 Scheduled for 19 October–1 November 2026.
🟢 Focus: joint sub-conventional operations in island and coastal environments under Chapter VII of the UN framework.
🟢 Approximately 120 personnel from each country are participating.
🟢 Indian contingent: Garhwal Rifles; Australian contingent: 13th Brigade.
🟢 The previous edition was held in Perth, Australia, in 2025.
📍 International Day for the Eradication of Poverty — 17 October
🟢 2026–2028 campaign theme: “United for Peace and Human Rights.”
🟢 2026 focus: “Safe Homes for All,” highlighting adequate and secure housing as a foundation for dignity and social inclusion.
🟢 Observed annually on 17 October; established by the UN General Assembly in 1992 through Resolution 47/196.
🟢 Its historical roots trace to a gathering of over 100,000 people in Paris on 17 October 1987, initiated by Joseph Wresinski.
🟢 The campaign highlights housing inadequacy, energy access, extreme poverty and multidimensional poverty.
📍 World Menopause Day — 18 October
🟢 Organised by the International Menopause Society (IMS).
🟢 2026 theme: “Chronic Pain at Midlife – From Recognition to Evidence-Based Care.”
🟢 Focuses on chronic pain, joint aches and persistent physical discomfort during and after the menopause transition.
🟢 Promotes evidence-based, individualised care and greater recognition of women’s midlife health concerns.
📍 World Osteoporosis Day — 20 October
🟢 Led globally by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF).
🟢 2026 theme: “Build, Protect, Strengthen Your Bones for Life.”
🟢 Osteoporosis is often called a silent disease because bone loss may remain unnoticed until a fracture occurs.
🟢 Key prevention measures: weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D, healthy lifestyle, risk assessment and timely bone-density testing.
🟢 Early diagnosis and treatment are important for people at increased fracture
#CurrentAffairs
❤5👍1👌1
Dilip Gavit clinches gold in the Men’s 400m T47 at the Asian Para Games 2026 with a time of 48.27s, securing his second gold medal at the Games!
👍8❤2
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🔆 DADASAHEB PHALKE AWARD
📍 About the Award
🟢 Instituted in 1969, it is India’s highest honour in cinema.
🟢 Named after Dhundiraj Govind Phalke, regarded as the Father of Indian Cinema.
🟢 His film Raja Harishchandra (1913) was India’s first feature film.
🟢 Award components: Golden Lotus medallion, shawl and ₹10 lakh.
📍 Recent Awardees
🟢 2023: Mohanlal — Malayalam | 71st National Film Awards.
🟢 2022: Mithun Chakraborty — Bengali and Hindi | 70th National Film Awards.
🟢 2021: Waheeda Rehman — Hindi.
🟢 2020: Asha Parekh — Hindi.
🟢 2019: Rajinikanth — Tamil.
🟢 2018: Amitabh Bachchan — Hindi.
🟢 2017: Vinod Khanna — Hindi.
🟢 2016: K. Viswanath — Telugu.
📍 Important Previous Winners
🟢 Satyajit Ray (1984) — Bengali cinema.
🟢 Raj Kapoor (1987) — Hindi cinema.
🟢 Lata Mangeshkar (1989) — Hindi and Marathi music.
🟢 Asha Bhosle (2000) — Hindi and Marathi music.
🟢 Gulzar (2013) — Hindi cinema.
🔆 EXAM TAKEAWAY
🟢 The award recognises outstanding contributions to Indian cinema across acting, direction, music and other film-related fields.
🔆 MAINS QUESTION
Examine the contribution of Indian cinema to the preservation of cultural diversity and the promotion of national integration.
#prelims
#art_and_culture
https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture
📍 About the Award
🟢 Instituted in 1969, it is India’s highest honour in cinema.
🟢 Named after Dhundiraj Govind Phalke, regarded as the Father of Indian Cinema.
🟢 His film Raja Harishchandra (1913) was India’s first feature film.
🟢 Award components: Golden Lotus medallion, shawl and ₹10 lakh.
📍 Recent Awardees
🟢 2023: Mohanlal — Malayalam | 71st National Film Awards.
🟢 2022: Mithun Chakraborty — Bengali and Hindi | 70th National Film Awards.
🟢 2021: Waheeda Rehman — Hindi.
🟢 2020: Asha Parekh — Hindi.
🟢 2019: Rajinikanth — Tamil.
🟢 2018: Amitabh Bachchan — Hindi.
🟢 2017: Vinod Khanna — Hindi.
🟢 2016: K. Viswanath — Telugu.
📍 Important Previous Winners
🟢 Satyajit Ray (1984) — Bengali cinema.
🟢 Raj Kapoor (1987) — Hindi cinema.
🟢 Lata Mangeshkar (1989) — Hindi and Marathi music.
🟢 Asha Bhosle (2000) — Hindi and Marathi music.
🟢 Gulzar (2013) — Hindi cinema.
🔆 EXAM TAKEAWAY
🟢 The award recognises outstanding contributions to Indian cinema across acting, direction, music and other film-related fields.
🔆 MAINS QUESTION
Examine the contribution of Indian cinema to the preservation of cultural diversity and the promotion of national integration.
#prelims
#art_and_culture
https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture
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✅ Exam-Oriented Practice to Improve Accuracy & Confidence
✅ 9:30 pm live bot quiz telegram group , Then all que details explanation telegram channel
✅ Sunday off for revision
📖 SUBJECTS COVERED
🔹 Labour Laws & Industrial Relations
🔹 Indian Polity & Constitution
🔹 Indian Economy
🔹 History & Culture
🔹 Geography
🔹 General Science
🔹 English Language
🔹 Quantitative Aptitude & Reasoning
🔹 Computer Awareness
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⏳ OFFER VALID FOR THE FIRST 100 STUDENTS ONLY!
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Sample question click here
✅ EPFO notes click here
🚀 EPFO Express Accelerator Program 🚀 BY ANMOL VACHAN
🎯 Complete EPFO APFC Preparation. One Powerful Program!
📚 WHAT YOU GET
✅ 40 High-Yield MCQs Every Day (maths reasoning 20 MCQ without explanation)
✅ 2,000+ Questions for Practice & Revision
✅ Detailed Explanations for Every Question
✅ Coverage of ALL MAJOR EPFO APFC EXAM SUBJECTS
✅ Exam-Oriented Practice to Improve Accuracy & Confidence
✅ 9:30 pm live bot quiz telegram group , Then all que details explanation telegram channel
✅ Sunday off for revision
📖 SUBJECTS COVERED
🔹 Labour Laws & Industrial Relations
🔹 Indian Polity & Constitution
🔹 Indian Economy
🔹 History & Culture
🔹 Geography
🔹 General Science
🔹 English Language
🔹 Quantitative Aptitude & Reasoning
🔹 Computer Awareness
🔹 Accounting & Auditing
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Sample question click here
✅ EPFO notes click here
❤1
Forwarded from CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF CDS NDA
EPFO Express Accelerator Program Schedule .pdf
2.5 MB
EPFO accelerator + english grammar + labour codes + accounting + auditing , insurance shorts notes
600rs (990rs)
600rs (