CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF CDS NDA
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The toughest exam of the Nation & Dreams of many UPSC CSE.
Here we provide free materials related to all three stages of exam I.e. Prelims,Mains and Personality Test

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UNESCO has added three new sites from India to the Tentative List of the World Heritage Convention:

1. Karst-mud-volcano Complex of Baratang, A&N Is.

2. Andaman Subduction Volcanoes, A&N Is.

3. Sirpur Cultural and Archaeological Landscape (Chhattisgarh
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#goodmorning  

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⏳39 Days left UKPSC 29 November
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⏳25 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳07 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct

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#Accountability

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πŸ”₯ PRELIMS: MASTER ANCIENT HISTORY IN JUST 31 PAGES!

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β€’ Indus Valley Civilization β€’ Vedic Age β€’ Mahajanapadas β€’ Buddhism & Jainism β€’ Mauryan & Post-Mauryan β€’ Sangam Age β€’ Gupta Age β€’ South Indian Kingdoms β€’ Ancient Art, Architecture & Literature.
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The I2 SEA submarine cable system
πŸ”† ONE-LINERS | 20 OCTOBER 2026

πŸ”† INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
πŸ“ World Health Summit 2026
🟒 Held on 11–13 October 2026 in Berlin, Germany, and online.
🟒 Theme: β€œFrom Crisis to Resilience – Innovating for Health.”
🟒 Participation: 4,000+ on-site participants, 50,000+ online attendees, 400+ speakers and 76+ sessions.
🟒 Key issues: pandemic preparedness, global health governance, women’s and children’s health, conflict-related health challenges and environmental determinants of health.
🟒 The Lancet Commission highlighted potential catastrophic threats from malicious AI use and nuclear conflict.
🟒 Announced initiatives included a planned €250 million Bangladesh–European Investment Bank programme for women’s health and district hospitals, and a USD 100 million commitment by the Gates Foundation and Wellcome Leap for the Uzima Stillbirth Prevention Program.
🟒 2027 regional meeting: Scheduled for 7–9 May in Hong Kong under the theme β€œHealth Across Borders.”

πŸ“ Pakistan to Chair IMF–World Bank Boards in 2027
🟒 Pakistan was selected as the incoming Chair of the Boards of Governors of the IMF and World Bank Group for 2027.
🟒 Ahad Khan Cheema, Pakistan’s Minister for Economic Affairs and World Bank Governor, will serve as Chair.
🟒 Announced during the 2026 IMF–World Bank Annual Meetings in Bangkok, Thailand, held from 12–18 October.
🟒 Pakistan will hold the chairmanship for the first time since 1953.
🟒 Current IMF support to Pakistan includes a USD 7 billion Extended Fund Facility (EFF) and a USD 1.4 billion Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF).
🟒 An additional USD 1.2 billion was expected, subject to approval by the IMF Executive Board.

πŸ”† ENVIRONMENT
πŸ“ Three New Centipede Species in South India
🟒 Scientists described three new species: Rhysida quadrispinosa, R. coorgensis and R. neyyarensis.
🟒 India’s known Rhysida species increased to 23.
🟒 Research involved the Zoological Survey of India’s Western Ghats Regional Centre, Kozhikode, and Malabar Christian College.
🟒 Centipedes belong to the arthropod class Chilopoda; they are terrestrial predators with one pair of legs per trunk segment.
🟒 Their first pair of appendages forms venom-delivering structures called forcipules.
🟒 R. coorgensis and R. neyyarensis are named after Coorg, Karnataka, and Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, respectively.

πŸ“ Spot-bellied Eagle-Owl
🟒 First verified photographic record in Kozhikode district, Kerala, at Janakikadu Forest along the Kuttiyadi River.
🟒 Scientific name: Bubo nipalensis (also classified as Ketupa nipalensis).
🟒 Also known locally as Kolliyan and Kattumoonga.
🟒 Measures approximately 55–65 cm in length, weighs up to 2.5 kg and may have a wingspan of 1.7 metres.
🟒 A nocturnal predator of snakes, birds and small mammals; known for its distinctive, loud calls.
🟒 IUCN status: Least Concern.

πŸ”† SECURITY
πŸ“ JWALA-MK1 Micro-Missile
🟒 Developed by Indian private defence technology firm IG Defence as an indigenous short-range surface-to-air micro-missile.
🟒 Designed to physically destroy hostile drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
🟒 Engagement range: 2–5 km; altitude range: 50–5,000 metres.
🟒 Uses a dual-pulse solid rocket motor, fin-controlled guidance and a pre-fragmented high-explosive warhead.
🟒 Designed for launch within 7 seconds of detection, with a claimed circular error probable of under 2 metres at maximum range.
🟒 Integrated with the AI-enabled GRID Defend ecosystem, linking radar, command networks and electronic warfare systems.
🟒 Designed to operate in GPS-denied and electronically contested environments as a cost-effective counter-drone option.

πŸ”† MISCELLANEOUS
πŸ“ AUSTRAHIND 2026
🟒 The fifth edition of the India–Australia Joint Military Exercise commenced on 19 October 2026 at the Foreign Training Node, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
🟒 Scheduled for 19 October–1 November 2026.
🟒 Focus: joint sub-conventional operations in island and coastal environments under Chapter VII of the UN framework.
🟒 Approximately 120 personnel from each country are participating.
🟒 Indian contingent: Garhwal Rifles; Australian contingent: 13th Brigade.
🟒 The previous edition was held in Perth, Australia, in 2025.

πŸ“ International Day for the Eradication of Poverty β€” 17 October
🟒 2026–2028 campaign theme: β€œUnited for Peace and Human Rights.”
🟒 2026 focus: β€œSafe Homes for All,” highlighting adequate and secure housing as a foundation for dignity and social inclusion.
🟒 Observed annually on 17 October; established by the UN General Assembly in 1992 through Resolution 47/196.
🟒 Its historical roots trace to a gathering of over 100,000 people in Paris on 17 October 1987, initiated by Joseph Wresinski.
🟒 The campaign highlights housing inadequacy, energy access, extreme poverty and multidimensional poverty.

πŸ“ World Menopause Day β€” 18 October
🟒 Organised by the International Menopause Society (IMS).
🟒 2026 theme: β€œChronic Pain at Midlife – From Recognition to Evidence-Based Care.”
🟒 Focuses on chronic pain, joint aches and persistent physical discomfort during and after the menopause transition.
🟒 Promotes evidence-based, individualised care and greater recognition of women’s midlife health concerns.

πŸ“ World Osteoporosis Day β€” 20 October
🟒 Led globally by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF).
🟒 2026 theme: β€œBuild, Protect, Strengthen Your Bones for Life.”
🟒 Osteoporosis is often called a silent disease because bone loss may remain unnoticed until a fracture occurs.
🟒 Key prevention measures: weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D, healthy lifestyle, risk assessment and timely bone-density testing.
🟒 Early diagnosis and treatment are important for people at increased fracture

#CurrentAffairs
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Dilip Gavit clinches gold in the Men’s 400m T47 at the Asian Para Games 2026 with a time of 48.27s, securing his second gold medal at the Games!
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πŸ”† DADASAHEB PHALKE AWARD

πŸ“ About the Award
🟒 Instituted in 1969, it is India’s highest honour in cinema.
🟒 Named after Dhundiraj Govind Phalke, regarded as the Father of Indian Cinema.
🟒 His film Raja Harishchandra (1913) was India’s first feature film.
🟒 Award components: Golden Lotus medallion, shawl and β‚Ή10 lakh.

πŸ“ Recent Awardees
🟒 2023: Mohanlal β€” Malayalam | 71st National Film Awards.
🟒 2022: Mithun Chakraborty β€” Bengali and Hindi | 70th National Film Awards.
🟒 2021: Waheeda Rehman β€” Hindi.
🟒 2020: Asha Parekh β€” Hindi.
🟒 2019: Rajinikanth β€” Tamil.
🟒 2018: Amitabh Bachchan β€” Hindi.
🟒 2017: Vinod Khanna β€” Hindi.
🟒 2016: K. Viswanath β€” Telugu.

πŸ“ Important Previous Winners
🟒 Satyajit Ray (1984) β€” Bengali cinema.
🟒 Raj Kapoor (1987) β€” Hindi cinema.
🟒 Lata Mangeshkar (1989) β€” Hindi and Marathi music.
🟒 Asha Bhosle (2000) β€” Hindi and Marathi music.
🟒 Gulzar (2013) β€” Hindi cinema.

πŸ”† EXAM TAKEAWAY
🟒 The award recognises outstanding contributions to Indian cinema across acting, direction, music and other film-related fields.

πŸ”† MAINS QUESTION
Examine the contribution of Indian cinema to the preservation of cultural diversity and the promotion of national integration.

#prelims
#art_and_culture

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EPFO accelerator + english grammar  + labour codes + accounting + auditing , insurance shorts notes

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#goodmorning  

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πŸ”† BHAKTI MOVEMENT

πŸ“ Origin & Development
🟒 Developed in Tamil Nadu (7th–12th centuries) through the devotional poetry of the Nayanars (Shiva) and Alvars (Vishnu).
🟒 Regional languages helped Bhakti saints reach the masses. They emphasised personal devotion, love for God and challenged caste discrimination.

πŸ“ Nayanars & Shaivite Literature
🟒 63 Nayanars were Shaivite saints. Their names were compiled by Sundarar and later expanded by Nambiyandar Nambi during the reign of Rajaraja I.
🟒 Tirumurai: Canonical collection of Tamil Shaivite devotional literature.
🟒 Tevaram: First seven volumes, containing works of Sambandar, Appar and Sundarar.
🟒 Periya Puranam: Contains the life stories of the 63 Nayanar saints.
🟒 Karaikkal Ammaiyar was the most prominent female Nayanar.

πŸ“ Other Bhakti Traditions
🟒 Virashaivas/Lingayats: Emerged in Karnataka in the 12th century; rejected caste hierarchy and rebirth, and supported widow remarriage.
🟒 Nathpanthis, Siddhacharas and Yogis: Criticised rituals and Vedic authority and used local languages.
🟒 Parachai literature: Hagiographical narratives describing the lives and deeds of Vaishnava and Shaivite saints.

πŸ“ Key Features
🟒 Emphasised devotion, humanism and purity of heart over rituals and sacrifices.
🟒 Recognised Saguna Bhakti (God with form) and Nirguna Bhakti (formless God).
🟒 Promoted devotional singing, including bhajans, and personal efforts to realise God.

πŸ”† MAINS QUESTION
Discuss the role of the Bhakti Movement in challenging social hierarchies and promoting regional languages in medieval India.

#history #prelims #mains

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