🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 India’s First Public-Sector Proton Beam Therapy Centre – Assam
🟢 The Assam Government signed an MoU with Ion Beam Applications (IBA) Particles, Belgium, to establish India’s first public-sector Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) Centre.

📍 Proton Beam Therapy (PBT)
🟢 An advanced form of radiation therapy used for cancer treatment.
🟢 Uses positively charged particles called protons to destroy cancer cells.
🟢 Delivers radiation with high precision to tumours while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
🟢 Particularly beneficial in suitable cases involving children and tumours located near critical organs.

📍 Significance
🟢 Reduces dependence on expensive private healthcare.
🟢 Improves access to advanced cancer treatment.
🟢 Strengthens public healthcare infrastructure.

🔆 INDEX & REPORTS

📍 National Organ Transplant Games 2026
🟢 Organised by the Renal Care Foundation and Sir Ganga Ram Hospital.
🟢 Associated with the National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO) and the Government of India.
🟢 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare: Technical partner.
🟢 Theme: Promoting organ donation as “Mahadaan” (greatest gift).
🟢 World Record: 570 transplant recipients and donors performed Tadasana together.
🟢 Felicitation of medal winners from the World Transplant Games 2025, held in Dresden, Germany.
🟢 Released the Zindagi Dobara Calendar and administered the organ donation pledge.

📍 National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO)
🟢 A national-level organisation coordinating organ and tissue donation and transplantation activities in India.
🟢 Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
🟢 Objective: Promote awareness, coordination and transparency in organ transplantation.

🔆 MISCELLANEOUS

📍 World Vegan Day 2026
🟢 Observed annually on 1 November.
🟢 Objectives:
🟢 Promote awareness of veganism and encourage plant-based food choices.
🟢 Promote animal welfare and protection.
🟢 Encourage sustainable dietary choices and awareness about food origins.

📍 History and Origin
🟢 1944: The Vegan Society was founded by Donald Watson.
🟢 1944: The term “vegan” was coined.
🟢 1994: World Vegan Day was established by Louise Wallis, former chair of The Vegan Society.
🟢 The first celebration in 1994 marked the 50th anniversary of The Vegan Society.

📍 International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists
🟢 Observed annually on 2 November.
🟢 Proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in 2013.
🟢 Commemorates the assassination of two French journalists in Mali on 2 November 2013.
🟢 Aim: Highlight violence against journalists and emphasise accountability for crimes committed against them.
🟢 UNESCO 2026 Report: The Arab States recorded the highest number of journalist murders.
🟢 More than 1,700 journalists have been killed worldwide since 1993.
🟢 In 9 out of 10 cases, perpetrators go unpunished.
🟢 73% of women journalists surveyed reported online threats, intimidation and insults related to their work.
🟢 Attacks include murder, kidnapping, torture, physical violence, harassment.

#CurrentAffairs

Pdf format kaisa h?

🔆 FOREST RIGHTS ACT AT 20: 10.45 LAKH CLAIMS PENDING

🔆 Recent Developments
🟢 The Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) held its final regional review conference in Srinagar on 23 October 2026.
🟢 Key concerns: 10.45 lakh pending claims, high rejection rates and slow recognition of Community Forest Resource Rights.

🔆 About the Forest Rights Act, 2006
🟢 Full name: Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006.
🟢 Came into force on 31 December 2007.
🟢 Eligibility: Forest-dwelling STs meeting the statutory conditions and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (OTFDs) with 75 years of forest residence.
🟢 Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Tribal Affairs.

🔆 Key Rights Under FRA
🟢 Individual Forest Rights (IFR): Recognition of eligible occupation and cultivation, up to 4 hectares.
🟢 Community Rights: Minor forest produce, grazing and other traditional uses.
🟢 Community Forest Resource Rights (CFRR): Community protection and management of customary forests.
🟢 Habitat Rights: For eligible Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
🟢 Section 4(5): Protection against eviction until recognition and verification are complete.

🔆 Implementation Status
🟢 Approximately 54 lakh claims received nationally by 31 August 2026.
🟢 43.56 lakh claims disposed of; 25.42 lakh titles issued.
🟢 18.13 lakh claims rejected, highlighting concerns over due process and reasoned orders.
🟢 Habitat rights recognised for only 11 of 75 PVTGs.

🔆 Challenges & Way Forward
🟢 Improve scrutiny of rejected claims and reduce pendency.
🟢 Strengthen Gram Sabha-led community forest management.
🟢 Align Community Forest Resource Management Plans with Forest Department plans.
🟢 Improve access to land records, livelihood schemes and technical support.

🔆 MAINS PRACTICE QUESTION
📍 The Forest Rights Act, 2006, has recognised individual rights more readily than community and habitat rights. Examine the reasons and suggest measures to democratise forest governance. (15 marks)

#Governance

It’s time to gear up for the Personality Test - the final and most decisive stage of the Civil Services Examination.

Mock Interviews alone don’t ensure success. What truly matters is a structured and guided preparation tailored to your personality, background, and DAF.

Designed and guided by officers who know exactly what the Interview Board expects.

Presenting our 7-Stage Interview Guidance Program, led by former IAS and IPS officers, featuring:
•⁠ ⁠Personal DAF Analysis & SWOT Assessment
•⁠ ⁠Self-Mock Sessions for reflection and refinement
•⁠ ⁠Exclusive One-on-One Sessions with Dr. Sylendra Babu IPS (Retd. DGP, Tamil Nadu) and other senior officers

Watch Now: https://youtu.be/Rg0EZ7o-b4s

To know more Details: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18SUkCNAzRo221PW1gaCHoCJ3X-8FR74o/view?usp=sharing

Register Now: https://forms.gle/7W1nJ1364s8gFZeLA

For More Info: +91 73977 67226

Master the UPSC Personality Test with a time-tested roadmap designed by those who’ve been there and succeeded.

First Academy in India dedicated to “ONLY PRELIMS” exam.

For last 10 years, we are dealing “only” with UPSC “Prelims” exam.

📝Solve the above questions for UPSC PRELIMS 2027:

https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1714

Solve daily FREE questions:

https://www.goaltideias.com/dailyquiz

Telegram Channel Link: https://t.me/goalTide

Abhishek sir
Contact details: 8512889220

🔆 NITI AAYOG’S DATA CENTRE EVALUATION FRAMEWORK

📍 GS-III: Science & Technology | Economy
📍 Source: PIB · NITI Aayog ·

🔆 WHY IN NEWS?
🟢 NITI Aayog’s Frontier Tech Hub released the framework on 14 October 2026 to help States evaluate data-centre proposals before offering incentives.
🟢 India’s data-centre capacity grew from 375 MW (2020) to around 1.5 GW, nearly fourfold.

🔆 FIVE PILLARS
🟢 Power & Energy: Grid readiness, renewable energy and storage-backed power.
🟢 Water & Cooling: Basin-level water stress, reuse and impact on public supply.
🟢 Siting & Environment: Suitable zones, sustainability, e-waste and battery management.
🟢 Economic & Strategic Value: Outcome-linked incentives, domestic manufacturing and R&D.
🟢 Policy & Governance: Time-bound approvals, accountability and project monitoring.

🔆 KEY POLICY LINKAGES
🟢 2020: Draft Data Centre Policy by MeitY.
🟢 2022: Data centres added to the Harmonised Master List of Infrastructure.
🟢 2023: Digital Personal Data Protection Act.
🟢 2024: IndiaAI Mission approved with an outlay of ₹10,371.92 crore.
🟢 Tax incentive: Tax holiday until 2047 for eligible foreign cloud service providers using India-based data-centre infrastructure.

🔆 IMPORTANT TERMS
🟢 PUE: Total facility energy ÷ IT equipment energy; 1.0 is the theoretical ideal.
🟢 WUE: Litres of water used per kWh of IT energy.
🟢 Colocation: Renting data-centre space, power and cooling to clients.
🟢 Active compute: Operating servers and services that generate higher-value activity and skilled jobs.

🔆 CHALLENGES
🟢 High power and water consumption can strain local resources.
🟢 Incentive competition may trigger a race to the bottom among States.
🟢 Low direct job creation and concentration around Mumbai and Chennai raise concerns.
🟢 Round-the-clock demand requires storage-backed renewable energy to limit coal dependence.
🟢 The framework is a decision-support tool, not an additional regulatory layer; adoption remains voluntary.

✍️ MAINS QUESTION (15 MARKS | 250 WORDS)
Data centres are emerging as critical infrastructure for India’s AI ambitions, but they make heavy demands on power, water and land. Discuss how States can balance investment attraction with resource sustainability.

#ScienceAndTechnology

🔆 JAINISM: 24 TIRTHANKARAS & THEIR SYMBOLS
📚 UPSC Prelims | Ancient Indian History

🔆 Important Tirthankaras and Symbols

🟢 1st – Rishabhdev: Ox
🟢 2nd – Ajitanath: Elephant
🟢 3rd – Sambhavanath: Horse
🟢 7th – Suparshvanath: Swastika
🟢 16th – Shantinath: Deer
🟢 21st – Naminath: Blue Lotus
🟢 22nd – Neminath: Conch Shell
🟢 23rd – Parshwanath: Serpent
🟢 24th – Mahavira: Lion

🔆 Important Prelims Fact
🟢 Rishabhdev (1st) and Neminath (22nd) are mentioned in the Rigveda, according to the provided notes.

📍 Quick Revision

• Ox → Rishabhdev
• Elephant → Ajitanath
• Horse → Sambhavanath
• Swastika → Suparshvanath
• Deer → Shantinath
• Blue Lotus → Naminath
• Conch → Neminath
• Serpent → Parshwanath
• Lion → Mahavira

#history #prelims #mains

Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history

October PIB summary Anmol Vachan

1-19 oct
https://www.instagram.com/p/Des6U3LCNvp/?psln=MWNxamI2cjc1d2wyZA==

20-31 October

https://www.instagram.com/p/DfWOZYJjfdL/?xtok=bnh0aW5yaW96cmNi