A total of 1,042 names are common to the 2026 interview list and the lists of the previous three years.

In an exam where Prelims eliminates 98% of candidates and where optional and Essay scaling may impact even the best of people, having a 40%+ repeat rate at the interview stage is because of three specific reasons:

1. For GS Papers, There is a minimum threshold level in terms of content, presentation and speed that enables people to score consistently above 415 in GS papers. Once you beat the threshold, it is almost certain that even a little more effort in GS Mains the next time will give you an increase in your GS score beyond the 415-mark threshold


2. For Optional papers, these candidates often outperform the competition by producing answer scripts that fall within the top percentile, potentially making scaling work in their favour. The most important ingredient here is originality and depth of content, rather than reproducing coaching notes word for word.
Candidates who independently read reference books, develop their own understanding, incorporate analytical perspectives and make their answers stand out are more likely to reach the top percentile.

3. In the Essay Paper, performing well despite the uncertainties associated with scaling requires three fundamental elements: a reasonable command of the English language, original content and independent thinking, and a coherent, well-organised structure that connects arguments logically. This requires dedicated practice, conscious refinement and the active application of one’s own mind to develop an individual voice in essay writing.

It is only human to feel heartbroken when you do not find your name on the interview list. However, if you genuinely wish to improve, you must reflect on these points, identify where you need to do better, and chart a clear course for the road ahead.

Credit - Vikas Dhayal

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🔆 HISTORICAL SOURCES OF THE GUPTA DYNASTY

📍 Literary Sources
🟢 Devichandragupta – Written by Vishakhadatta; provides information about Gupta political history.
🟢 Works of Kalidasa – Reflect the society, culture and political conditions of the period.
🟢 Mrichchhakatika – Written by Shudraka; provides insights into contemporary social and economic life.
🟢 Kamasutra – Written by Vatsyayana; provides information about social customs and contemporary life.
🟢 Nitisara – Written by Kamandaka; deals with political principles and statecraft.

📍 Foreign Accounts
🟢 Fa-Hien (Faxian): Chinese Buddhist monk who visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya).
🟢 His travel account, Fo-Kuo-Ki (Record of Buddhist Kingdoms), provides information about society, administration and Buddhism in Gupta India.

📍 Epigraphic Sources (Inscriptions)
🟢 Prayag Prashasti: Composed by Harisena in praise of Samudragupta; describes his military campaigns and achievements.
🟢 Junagadh Inscription: Associated with Skandagupta; records the repair of Sudarsana Lake by his provincial governor Parnadatta’s son Chakrapalita.
🟢 Eran Inscription: The inscription of Bhanugupta (510 CE) provides the earliest generally accepted epigraphic evidence of Sati.

📍 Important Facts
🟢 Founder: Sri Gupta.
🟢 Capital: Pataliputra (an important Gupta imperial centre).
🟢 Period: The Gupta dynasty emerged around the early 4th century CE and became a major imperial power in northern India.

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