🔆QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT AND INA
1. Also called as ‘August Revolution’. The common people demonstrated an unparalleled heroism and militancy and the repression they faced was the most brutal that had ever been used against the national movement.
2. Failure of Cripps Mission in April made clear that Britain was determined to continue India’s unwilling partnership in War
3. Popular discontent, a product of rising prices and war-time shortages was mounting
4. news of Allied reverses and British withdrawals from South-East Asia and Burma affirmed an imminent British collapse.
5. at the All-India Congress Committee at Gowalia Tank in Bombay the decision was ratified.
6. This is where he gave the mantra ‘Do or Die’.
7. On Aug 9 all the top leaders were arrested this resulted in instantaneous reaction among the people leading to hartals, public demonstrations and processions in defiance of the law. The reaction was most intense in Bihar and Eastern U.P.
8. The important aspect of this movement was the emergence of underground networks in
various parts of the country with prominent members like Achyut Patwardhan, Aruna Asaf Ali, Ram Manohar Lohia, Sucheta Kripalani, Biju Patnaik, R.P.Goenka, Jayaprakash
Narayan was formed.
9. The role of this was of keeping up popular morale by continuing to provide a line of command.
10. Gandhiji commenced a fast on 10 Feb in jail. provided a new burst of political activity.
11. A significant feature of QIM was the emergence of parallel governments. The first one was proclaimed in Ballia, in East U.P under leadership of Chittu Pande. In Tamluk in Midnapur district of Bengal, the Jatiya Sarkar. Satara, in Maharashtra was the long lasting one. Prati Sarkar was set up under Nani Patil.
12. It organized attacks on Govt. collaborators, informers.
13. QIM marked a new high in terms of popular participation. The youth were in forefront, students from schools and colleges .
14. Women also were active. Aruna Asaf Ali and Sucheta Kripalani were two major women organizers of the underground, and Usha Mehta an important member of the Congress group that ran Congress Radio.
15. Peasants and zamindars of all strata participated.
16. Government officials especially at the lower rung supported the movement. This erosion of loyalty of its own officers was one of the most striking aspects of QIM.
17. Though Muslim mass participation was not high, Muslim League supported indirectly by providing shelter tovunderground workers and did not act as informers. Also there was total absence of any communal clashes.
18. The element of spontaneity in 1942 movement was certainly larger than in earlier movements.
This was deliberate on the part of the leadership itself.
The resolution clearly stated that a time may come when it may not be possible to issue instructions and that every individual had to act within the general instructions issued.
19. Gandhi refused to condemn violence because he saw it as a reaction to the much bigger violence of the state.
20. it placed the demand for independence on the immediatef agenda of movemen.
#revision_notes
#history
#Modern_History
Join @CSE_EXAM
@UPSC_4_HISTORY
1. Also called as ‘August Revolution’. The common people demonstrated an unparalleled heroism and militancy and the repression they faced was the most brutal that had ever been used against the national movement.
2. Failure of Cripps Mission in April made clear that Britain was determined to continue India’s unwilling partnership in War
3. Popular discontent, a product of rising prices and war-time shortages was mounting
4. news of Allied reverses and British withdrawals from South-East Asia and Burma affirmed an imminent British collapse.
5. at the All-India Congress Committee at Gowalia Tank in Bombay the decision was ratified.
6. This is where he gave the mantra ‘Do or Die’.
7. On Aug 9 all the top leaders were arrested this resulted in instantaneous reaction among the people leading to hartals, public demonstrations and processions in defiance of the law. The reaction was most intense in Bihar and Eastern U.P.
8. The important aspect of this movement was the emergence of underground networks in
various parts of the country with prominent members like Achyut Patwardhan, Aruna Asaf Ali, Ram Manohar Lohia, Sucheta Kripalani, Biju Patnaik, R.P.Goenka, Jayaprakash
Narayan was formed.
9. The role of this was of keeping up popular morale by continuing to provide a line of command.
10. Gandhiji commenced a fast on 10 Feb in jail. provided a new burst of political activity.
11. A significant feature of QIM was the emergence of parallel governments. The first one was proclaimed in Ballia, in East U.P under leadership of Chittu Pande. In Tamluk in Midnapur district of Bengal, the Jatiya Sarkar. Satara, in Maharashtra was the long lasting one. Prati Sarkar was set up under Nani Patil.
12. It organized attacks on Govt. collaborators, informers.
13. QIM marked a new high in terms of popular participation. The youth were in forefront, students from schools and colleges .
14. Women also were active. Aruna Asaf Ali and Sucheta Kripalani were two major women organizers of the underground, and Usha Mehta an important member of the Congress group that ran Congress Radio.
15. Peasants and zamindars of all strata participated.
16. Government officials especially at the lower rung supported the movement. This erosion of loyalty of its own officers was one of the most striking aspects of QIM.
17. Though Muslim mass participation was not high, Muslim League supported indirectly by providing shelter tovunderground workers and did not act as informers. Also there was total absence of any communal clashes.
18. The element of spontaneity in 1942 movement was certainly larger than in earlier movements.
This was deliberate on the part of the leadership itself.
The resolution clearly stated that a time may come when it may not be possible to issue instructions and that every individual had to act within the general instructions issued.
19. Gandhi refused to condemn violence because he saw it as a reaction to the much bigger violence of the state.
20. it placed the demand for independence on the immediatef agenda of movemen.
#revision_notes
#history
#Modern_History
Join @CSE_EXAM
@UPSC_4_HISTORY
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🔆A brief look at the Indian National Army –
1. idea first conceived in Malaya by Mohan Singh, an Indian officer of British Indian Army who instead of joining retreating British army went to Japanese for help.
2. Indian prisoners of war were handed over by Japanese to Mohan Singh who recruited them to INA.
3. The outbreak of QIM gave a fillip to INA.
4. But, by Dec 1942, serious differences emerged between Japanese and INA officers over the role that INA was to play.
5. The Japanese wanted only a token force of 2,000 men while the leaders of INA wanted
20,000.
6. 2 nd phase of INA started when Subhas Chandra Bose was brought to Singapore in 1943. he set up Provincial Government of Free India which later declared war on Britain and U.S.
7. one INA battalion commanded by Shah Nawaz was sent to IndoBurma along with Japanese Army for Imphal campaign.
8. However, the failure of campaign quashed any hopes of the INA liberating the nation.
9. when INA men were brought back home and threatened with serious punishment, powerful movement emerged
#revision_notes
#history
#Modern_History
Join @CSE_EXAM
@UPSC_4_HISTORY
1. idea first conceived in Malaya by Mohan Singh, an Indian officer of British Indian Army who instead of joining retreating British army went to Japanese for help.
2. Indian prisoners of war were handed over by Japanese to Mohan Singh who recruited them to INA.
3. The outbreak of QIM gave a fillip to INA.
4. But, by Dec 1942, serious differences emerged between Japanese and INA officers over the role that INA was to play.
5. The Japanese wanted only a token force of 2,000 men while the leaders of INA wanted
20,000.
6. 2 nd phase of INA started when Subhas Chandra Bose was brought to Singapore in 1943. he set up Provincial Government of Free India which later declared war on Britain and U.S.
7. one INA battalion commanded by Shah Nawaz was sent to IndoBurma along with Japanese Army for Imphal campaign.
8. However, the failure of campaign quashed any hopes of the INA liberating the nation.
9. when INA men were brought back home and threatened with serious punishment, powerful movement emerged
#revision_notes
#history
#Modern_History
Join @CSE_EXAM
@UPSC_4_HISTORY
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