🔆 Base Revision of GDP, CPI & IIP — MoSPI

📍 What’s happening?
✅ MoSPI to hold Pre-release Consultative Workshop on 23 Dec 2025
✅ Venue: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
✅ Objective: Share methodological & structural changes and seek expert feedback

📍 Key Timelines
✅ CPI (Base: 2024 = 100) → 📅 12 Feb 2026
✅ GDP / National Accounts (Base: FY 2022–23) → 📅 27 Feb 2026
✅ IIP (Base: 2022–23) → 📅 28 May 2026

📍 Why important?
✅ Reflects current consumption patterns & production structure
✅ Improves accuracy of inflation, growth & industrial output data
✅ Strengthens policy credibility & transparency

📍 Mains Question
📝 Why is periodic base revision of GDP, CPI and IIP essential for economic policymaking in India?

#GS3 #IndianEconomy #economy

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 24 DEC 2025

🔆 REGULATORY / RBI

📍 Liquidity Management Measures
✅ RBI announces fresh liquidity-enhancing steps
✅ Tools used:
• OMO Purchase Auctions
• USD/INR Buy–Sell Swap Auction
📍 Reason
✅ Tight liquidity due to:
• High currency leakage
• Elevated govt cash balances
• Global financial uncertainties
📍 Objective
✅ Inject durable liquidity
✅ Stabilise short-term interest rates
✅ Support credit growth & market stability

📍 OMO Purchases
✅ RBI to buy government securities
✅ Directly injects rupee liquidity
✅ Eases money market pressure

📍 USD/INR Swap
✅ Releases US dollar liquidity
✅ Temporarily absorbs rupee liquidity
✅ Helps manage FX volatility & INR stability

🔆 BANKING & FINANCE

📍 Outward Remittances (LRS)
✅ LRS remittances fall 1.81% YoY (Oct 2025)
✅ Oct 2025: $2.36 bn | Oct 2024: $2.40 bn
📍 Reason
✅ Decline in overseas travel & education
✅ Overseas investments partly offset fall
📍 LRS Basics
✅ Introduced: 2004
✅ Limit: $250,000/year per resident individual

📍 NRI Deposits
✅ Apr–Oct FY26 inflows: $8.3 bn (↓ from $11.9 bn)
✅ Major drag: FCNR(B) deposits
✅ Outstanding NRI deposits rise to $168.78 bn

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 Currency Innovation
✅ Oman launches first polymer one-rial banknote
✅ Issuer: Central Bank of Oman
✅ Circulation: 11 Jan 2026
📍 Why Polymer Notes
✅ Longer life, anti-counterfeiting
✅ Suitable for hot & humid climates

📍 Nuclear Energy
✅ Japan clears restart of Kashiwazaki–Kariwa Nuclear Plant
✅ World’s largest nuclear power plant
✅ Operator: TEPCO
✅ First TEPCO restart post-Fukushima (2011)

📍 Global Governance
✅ 11th UNCAC CoSP held in Doha, Qatar (15–19 Dec)
✅ Focus: corruption prevention, asset recovery, cooperation

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 Trade & Diplomacy
✅ India–New Zealand FTA finalised
📍 Key Highlights
✅ Bilateral trade to double to $5 bn in 5 years
✅ NZ investment: $20 bn over 15 years
✅ 5,000 temporary work visas/year for Indians
✅ Sensitive sectors protected: dairy, sugar, edible oils

📍 Higher Education
✅ NITI Aayog releases report on Internationalisation of Higher Education
✅ Focus: Internationalisation at Home
✅ Goal: Make India a global education hub by 2047

📍 Energy
✅ India achieves 20% ethanol blending (Nov 2025)
✅ Target advanced from 2030 → 2025-26 ESY

📍 Power Infrastructure
✅ Unit-2 (250 MW) of Subansiri Lower HEP commissioned
✅ Total capacity: 2,000 MW
✅ India’s largest hydropower project

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 Indian Navy
✅ INS Sindhughosh decommissioned after 40 years
✅ Lead submarine of Sindhughosh-class
✅ Played key role in underwater warfare capability

🔆 MoUs

📍 Biotech
✅ Bharat Biotech + Biofabri
✅ Tech transfer for MTBVAC TB vaccine

📍 Security & Defence
✅ DRDO + Rashtriya Raksha University MoU
✅ Focus: research, training, internal security

🔆 SCHEMES

📍 Mission POSHAN 2.0
✅ Focus on first 1000 days (conception–2 yrs)
✅ Integrates ICDS, PMMVY, nutrition programmes
✅ Life-cycle & tech-driven nutrition approach

📍 PM Vishwakarma Yojana
✅ For traditional artisans (18 trades)
✅ Benefits:
• Collateral-free loans
• Skill training + stipend
• Toolkit incentive (₹15,000)

📍 NSSH Scheme
✅ Promotes SC/ST entrepreneurship
✅ Supports 4% procurement mandate
✅ Implemented by NSIC

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 23 December
✅ Kisan Diwas (Chaudhary Charan Singh birth anniversary)

📍 24 December
✅ National Consumer Day

🔆 APPOINTMENTS

📍 Banking
✅ Brajesh Kumar Singh named MD & CEO, Canara Bank

🔆 AWARDS

📍 Art & Culture
✅ Nnena Kalu becomes first learning-disabled Turner Prize winner

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 Space Mission
✅ ISRO completes drogue parachute tests for Gaganyaan
📍 Purpose
✅ Stabilise crew module during re-entry
✅ Ensure astronaut safety
📍 Test Location
✅ RTRS facility, Chandigarh (DRDO-TBRL)


🔆 SPORTS

📍 Badminton
✅ BWF World Tour Finals 2025 held in Hangzhou, China
✅ India wins Bronze – Satwik/Chirag

📍 Para Sports
✅ India ranks 7th at Asian Youth Para Games 2025
✅ Total medals: 102 (36G, 28S, 38B)

📍 Football
✅ East Bengal FC wins SAFF Women’s Club Championship 2025
✅ First Indian women’s club to win an international title


#CurrentAffairs

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Time effect next 150 day CSE PRELIMS 2026

150× 4hrs = 600hrs
150× 6hrs = 900hrs
150× 8hrs = 1200hrs
150× 10hrs = 1500hrs
150× 12hrs = 1800hrs
150× 14hrs = 2100hrs
150× 15hrs = 2250hrs
150× 16hrs = 2400hrs
150×17hrs = 2550hrs

Your target?

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🔆 नैतिक शब्दावली उन्नयन

📍 मूल नैतिक शब्दावली (Foundational Level)

❌ ईमानदारी
✅ प्रोबिटी (Probity)
🔖 कौटिल्य
→ राजधर्म, संस्थागत ईमानदारी, भ्रष्टाचार-विरोध

❌ दयालुता
✅ जवाबदेही सहित करुणा
🔖 गौतम बुद्ध
→ करुणा + सम्यक कर्म (Right Action)

❌ गरीबों की मदद
✅ क्षमता-वृद्धि के माध्यम से सशक्तिकरण
🔖 अमर्त्य सेन
→ Capability Approach, गरिमा-आधारित विकास

❌ सही काम करना
✅ प्रतिबंधों के बीच नैतिक साहस
🔖 जयप्रकाश नारायण
→ सत्ता के विरुद्ध नैतिक असहमति

❌ निष्पक्ष निर्णय
✅ प्रक्रियात्मक न्याय
🔖 जॉन रॉल्स
→ निष्पक्ष प्रक्रिया, Justice as Fairness

❌ नियमों का पालन
✅ नियम-आधारित निष्पक्ष शासन
🔖 मैक्स वेबर
→ तटस्थ, पूर्वानुमेय नौकरशाही

❌ अच्छे इरादे
✅ साधन–साध्य की संगति
🔖 महात्मा गांधी
→ साधनों की नैतिक शुद्धता

❌ लोगों की बात सुनना
✅ सहभागी एवं नागरिक-केन्द्रित दृष्टिकोण
🔖 रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर
→ संवाद, मानवतावाद, गरिमा

📍 उन्नत नैतिक शब्दावली

❌ पक्षपात
✅ हितों का टकराव (Conflict of Interest)
🔖 अरस्तू
→ निष्पक्षता एक नैतिक गुण

❌ वरिष्ठों का दबाव
✅ अनुचित प्रभाव (Undue Influence)
🔖 हैना अरेन्ट
→ अंध आज्ञापालन के विरुद्ध नैतिक जिम्मेदारी

❌ जनता की मांग
✅ बहुसंख्यक दबाव (Majoritarian Pressure)
🔖 एलेक्सिस डी टॉकविल
→ बहुसंख्यक के अत्याचार की चेतावनी

❌ गरीबों के प्रति सहानुभूति
✅ न्याय-निर्देशित सहानुभूति
🔖 मार्था नुसबाम
→ करुणा + न्याय का संतुलन

❌ कार्य में देरी
✅ प्रशासनिक उदासीनता
🔖 पॉल एप्पलबाई
→ उत्तरदायी लोकसेवा नैतिकता

❌ कठोर कार्रवाई
✅ अनुपातिक एवं तर्कसंगत प्रतिक्रिया
🔖 सम्राट अशोक
→ बल नहीं, नैतिक संयम

❌ कभी-कभी नियम तोड़ना
✅ संवैधानिक सीमाओं के भीतर विवेकाधिकार
🔖 डॉ. बी. आर. अम्बेडकर
→ संवैधानिक नैतिकता

❌ सबको समान मदद
✅ न्यायसंगत (Equity-based) सेवा वितरण
🔖 पंडिता रमाबाई
→ भिन्न आवश्यकताओं के अनुसार न्याय

❌ जन आक्रोश
✅ राज्य-नागरिक विश्वास अंतर
🔖 युर्गेन हाबरमास
→ संवाद से वैधता

❌ दोषियों को दंड
✅ विधिक प्रक्रिया सहित प्रतिरोधक दंड
🔖 सेज़ारे बेक्कारिया
→ अनुपातिक दंड + विधिकता

#ethics

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https://t.me/upsc_ethics_toppers

🔆 Ethical Vocabulary

📍 Core Ethics Vocabulary (Foundational Level)

❌ Honesty
✅ Probity
🔖 Kautilya
→ Rajdharma, institutional integrity, anti-corruption

❌ Kindness
✅ Compassion with accountability
🔖 Gautama Buddha
→ Karuṇā guided by right action

❌ Helping the poor
✅ Empowerment through capability enhancement
🔖 Amartya Sen
→ Capability approach, dignity over charity

❌ Doing the right thing
✅ Moral courage under constraint
🔖 Jayaprakash Narayan
→ Ethical dissent against authority

❌ Fair decision
✅ Procedural justice
🔖 John Rawls
→ Fair process, justice as fairness

❌ Following rules
✅ Rule-based impartial governance
🔖 Max Weber
→ Neutral, predictable bureaucracy

❌ Good intentions
✅ Ends–means coherence
🔖 Mahatma Gandhi
→ Ethical purity of means

❌ Listening to people
✅ Participative & citizen-centric approach
🔖 Rabindranath Tagore
→ Dialogue, humanism, dignity

📍 Advanced Ethics Vocabulary (Case-Study Level)

❌ Bias
✅ Conflict of interest
🔖 Aristotle
→ Justice as impartial virtue

❌ Pressure from seniors
✅ Undue influence
🔖 Hannah Arendt
→ Moral responsibility against blind obedience

❌ Public demand
✅ Majoritarian pressure
🔖 Alexis de Tocqueville
→ Tyranny of the majority

❌ Sympathy for poor
✅ Empathy guided by fairness
🔖 Martha Nussbaum
→ Compassion balanced with justice

❌ Delay in work
✅ Administrative apathy
🔖 Paul Appleby
→ Responsible public service ethics

❌ Strict action
✅ Proportionate & reasoned response
🔖 Ashoka
→ Moral restraint over coercion

❌ Ignoring rules sometimes
✅ Discretion within constitutional limits
🔖 B. R. Ambedkar
→ Constitutional morality

❌ Helping everyone equally
✅ Equity-based service delivery
🔖 Pandita Ramabai
→ Justice through differential support

❌ Public anger
✅ Trust deficit between state & citizens
🔖 Jürgen Habermas
→ Legitimacy through communicative action

❌ Punishing wrongdoers
✅ Deterrence with due process
🔖 Cesare Beccaria
→ Proportional punishment + legality

#ethics

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https://t.me/upsc_ethics_toppers

🔆 Swadeshi Movement (1905)
📍 Modern Indian History | National Movement

📍 What was Swadeshi Movement?
✅ First major mass movement of the 20th century
✅ Launched in 1905
✅ Triggered by Partition of Bengal (1905) by Lord Curzon
✅ Seen as a “Divide & Rule” policy by nationalists

📍 Core Components (Swadeshi in Action)
✅ Boycott of British Goods – rejection of foreign products
✅ Promotion of Swadeshi Goods – rise of indigenous industries
✅ National Education – boycott of govt schools, national institutions set up
✅ Mass Mobilisation – students, women, volunteers participated

📍 Impact & Significance
✅ Shift from elite politics → mass politics
✅ Introduced boycott & passive resistance (later refined by Gandhi)
✅ Boosted indigenous industries and economic nationalism
✅ Led to cultural awakening & self-reliance
✅ Partition of Bengal annulled (1911)
✅ Caused ideological differences → Surat Split (1907) in Congress

#history #prelims #mains

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Week 1 short notes pdf

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🔆 Hindustani Classical Music
📍 Core Features
✅ Roots in Bharata’s Natyashastra, divergence after 14th century
✅ Emphasis on raga structure & improvisation
✅ Uses Shuddha Swara Saptaka (natural octave)

📍 Major Vocal Forms (10)
✅ Dhrupad, Dhamar, Hori, Khayal, Tappa, Chaturang
✅ Ragasagar, Tarana, Sargam, Thumri

🔆 Dhrupad (Oldest form)
📍 Essentials
✅ Meaning: Dhruva (fixed) + Pada (verse)
✅ Devotional, temple origin
✅ Patronage under Raja Man Singh Tomar & Akbar
✅ Instruments: Tanpura + Pakhawaj

📍 Performance Style
✅ Begins with Alap (wordless, slow → fast)
✅ Followed by composed section with rhythm
✅ Uses Sanskrit syllables

📍 Four Banis (Vanis)
✅ Dagar, Khandar, Nauhar, Gauhar

📍 Major Dhrupad Gharanas
✅ Dagari – emphasis on alap (Gundecha Brothers)
✅ Darbhanga – layakari + bandish (Mallik family)
✅ Bettiah – Haveli style
✅ Talwandi – Khandar vani

🔆 Gharana System
📍 Concept
✅ Musical lineage based on Guru–Shishya tradition
✅ Distinct ideology of swara, laya & presentation

📍 Famous Gharanas
✅ Agra, Gwalior, Jaipur, Kirana, Indore, Patiala

🔆 Khayal (Most popular genre)
📍 Key Features
✅ Meaning: Imagination
✅ Blend of Hindu–Persian culture
✅ Emphasis on Tans & Bol-tans
✅ Compositions called Bandish

📍 Performance Types
✅ Bada Khayal – slow (vilambit)
✅ Chhota Khayal – fast (drut)

📍 Major Khayal Gharanas
✅ Gwalior – oldest, balance of melody & rhythm
✅ Kirana – slow tempo, swara purity (Bhimsen Joshi)
✅ Agra – bandish-centric, Dhrupad influence
✅ Patiala – taan-bazi, rhythmic brilliance
✅ Jaipur-Atrauli – complex ragas & layakari
✅ Bhendi Bazaar – long breath control, Carnatic ragas

🔆 Tarana Style
📍 Highlights
✅ Fast-paced, rhythm-centric
✅ Uses meaningless bols (tanana, dirana)
✅ Inspired by Amir Khusro
✅ Carnatic equivalent: Thillana

📍 Fact
✅ Fastest Tarana exponent: Pandit Rattan Mohan Sharma

#prelims
#art_and_culture

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