🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 31 JANUARY 2026

🔆 REGULATORY / RBI JUNCTION

📍 IRDAI
✅ IRDAI reconstitutes Reinsurance Advisory Committee (RAC) for 3 years
✅ Chairperson: A.V. Girija Kumar (Former CMD, Oriental Insurance)
📍 Legal Basis:
✅ Section 101B, Insurance Act, 1938
📍 Objective:
✅ Strengthen India’s insurance & reinsurance ecosystem

📍 Digital Food Coupons
✅ Govt to trial digital food coupons at ration shops
📍 Regulatory body: RBI
📍 Implementing ministry: MoCAF&PD (with NPCI + States)
📍 Key Feature:
✅ Digital food coupons = programmable e-rupee (CBDC)
✅ Replaces physical foodgrain/cash transfers with digital tokens

🔆 BANKING & FINANCIAL

📍 UAE Central Bank
✅ Approves first USD-backed stablecoin
📍 Issuer: United Arab Emirates (UAE)
📍 Stablecoin name: USDD
📍 Regulation:
✅ Approved under Payment Token Services Regulation (CBUAE)
📍 Milestone:
✅ Universal Digital becomes first foreign payment token issuer registered with UAE Central Bank

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 World Nuclear Outlook Report
✅ Released by World Nuclear Association (WNA)
📍 Projection:
✅ Global nuclear capacity may reach 1,446 GWe by 2050
✅ Exceeds 1,200 GWe target under Declaration to Triple Nuclear Energy

📍 Cost of Living Index 2026
✅ Released by Numbeo
📍 Measures:
✅ Average monthly expenses (food, transport, utilities, rent)

📍 Indian Cities – Among World’s Lowest Cost
✅ Indore – Rank 477
✅ Bhopal – Rank 473
✅ Patna – Rank 470

📍 Most Expensive Cities 2026
✅ Zurich, Geneva, Basel, Lausanne, Lugano (All Switzerland)

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 PAIMAN Portal
✅ Full form: Project Assessment, Infrastructure Monitoring & Analytics for Nation-building
📍 Operationalised by: MoSPI
📍 Purpose:
✅ Web-based portal for monitoring Central Sector Infrastructure Projects
📍 Coverage:
✅ Projects costing ₹150 crore & above
📍 Key Feature:
✅ Principle of “One Data, One Entry” to avoid duplication

📍 National Mission on Manufacturing (NMM)
✅ Announced in Union Budget 2025–26
📍 Aim:
✅ Double manufacturing contribution to GDP by 2035

📍 Targets (2035):
✅ Manufacturing share in GDP: 25%
✅ Jobs: 143 million
✅ Merchandise exports: $1.2 trillion

📍 India–Arab Relations
✅ 2nd India–Arab Foreign Ministers’ Meeting held
📍 Co-chairs: India & UAE
📍 Five pillars:
✅ Economy | Energy | Education | Media | Culture
📍 Background:
✅ India–Arab Cooperation Mechanism formalised in 2002

📍 PRAGYA–AIX
✅ Centralised AI digital platform of ONGC
📍 Objective:
✅ Scale AI from pilot projects to enterprise-wide deployment

📍 Supreme Court Ruling
✅ Menstrual hygiene recognised as a fundamental right
📍 Under Article 21
📍 Bench:
✅ Justice J.B. Pardiwala & Justice R. Mahadevan

📍 Leprosy-Free India
✅ National Leprosy Day: 30 January
📍 Disease caused by: Mycobacterium leprae
📍 Programme:
✅ NLEP (MoHFW)
📍 Target:
✅ Zero transmission & zero leprosy by 2027

📍 Green Hydrogen
✅ India to develop Hydrogen Hub at Kandla
📍 Under: National Green Hydrogen Mission
📍 Target:
✅ Produce & export 5 million tonnes in next 5–6 years
📍 Nodal ministry: MNRE
📍 Outlay: ₹19,744 crore

🔆 FOOD & RAILWAYS

📍 FSSAI
✅ Launches online training programme on food safety risk assessment
📍 Inaugurated by: Rajit Punhani, CEO, FSSAI

📍 Indian Railways
✅ Launches first LNG–diesel dual-fuel DEMU train
📍 Location: Ahmedabad

📍 Railway Safety
✅ Railways accelerate Kavach 4.0 rollout
📍 Newly commissioned: 472 route km in a single day
📍 Kavach:
✅ Indigenous Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system

🔆 MoUs

📍 IIM Ahmedabad
✅ Signs MoU to establish Krishnamurthy Tandon School of AI
📍 Endowment:
✅ ₹100 crore by Tandon family

🔆 STATES

📍 Odisha
✅ To develop National UAV Test & Innovation Corridor
📍 Location: Rangeylunda

📍 Assam
✅ Takem Misig Poxin Kebang Youth Festival
📍 Venue: Dhemaji district
📍 Occasion: 10th Mising Youth Festival

📍 Nagaland
✅ 5th Rusoma Orange Festival begins
📍 Theme: “Abundance of Rusoma”
📍 Duration: 2 days

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 27 January
✅ International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust

📍 National Commission for Women
✅ Celebrates 34th Foundation Day

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📍 Venue: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
📍 Theme 2026:
✅ “Swasthya hi Sashaktikaran”

🔆 APPOINTMENTS

📍 Corporate & Governance
✅ Former Fed Governor Kevin Warsh to head US Central Bank
✅ Sunetra Pawar set to become first woman Deputy CM of Maharashtra

🔆 AWARDS / BOOKS

📍 Aviation
✅ Uttarakhand wins Best State Award for Aviation Promotion

🔆 SCIENCE & TECH

📍 ISRO
✅ Plans Gaganyaan mission in 2027
📍 After completion of uncrewed flights

🔆 SPORTS

📍 Khelo India Winter Games 2026
✅ Venue: Leh, Ladakh
✅ Dates: 20–26 January 2026

#CurrentAffairs

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🔆 Dynasties in Assam

📍 Salama / Salamba Dynasty (c. 800–1000 CE)
✅ Assam (historically Kamarupa / Pragjyotishpur) was under Pala influence during Devapala’s reign
✅ 800 CE: Harjaravarman declared independence from the Palas → assertion of regional autonomy
✅ Capital: Haruppeshvara
➡️ Located on the banks of the Brahmaputra River
➡️ Leveraged riverine routes for trade & communication

📍 Ahom Kingdom (1228 CE onwards)
✅ Founder: Chaulung Sukapha
✅ Origins: Ahoms (subgroup of the Shan tribe) migrated to Assam in 1228 CE under Sukapha
✅ Established the Ahom Kingdom; the name “Assam” derives from Ahom rule

📍 Administration & Society
✅ Paik System: State-controlled labour system
➡️ Paiks served the state in multiple capacities (civil & military)

📍 UPSC Relevance
✅ GS1 – Medieval Indian History | Regional Kingdoms | North-East India

📌 Prelims One-liner:
➡️ Ahom Kingdom began in 1228 CE under Chaulung Sukapha and was sustained through the Paik system.

#history #prelims #mains

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🔆 Viral Diseases

📍 Mosquito-borne Viral Diseases

✅ Dengue
▪ Agent: Dengue virus (RNA)
▪ Vector: Aedes aegypti / Aedes albopictus (female)
▪ Vaccine: ❌ Not approved in India (yet)

✅ Chikungunya (UPSC 2013)
▪ Agent: Chikungunya virus (RNA)
▪ Vector: Aedes mosquitoes
▪ Vaccine: ❌ Not approved in India

✅ Zika Fever
▪ Agent: Zika virus (RNA)
▪ Vector: Aedes mosquitoes
▪ Vaccine: ❌ Not approved

📍 Faeco-oral / Contact Transmission

✅ Poliomyelitis (Polio)
▪ Agent: Poliovirus (RNA)
▪ Transmission: Faeco-oral, contaminated food/water
▪ Vaccine: IPV & OPV

✅ Hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E, G) (UPSC 2019, 2013)
▪ All RNA viruses except Hepatitis-B (DNA)
▪ A & E: Food/water
▪ B, C, D, G: Blood/body fluids
▪ Vaccines:
 ▫ HAV vaccine
 ▫ HBV vaccine (also protects against Hepatitis-D)
 ▫ ❌ No vaccines for C, E, G

📍 Sexually / Body Fluid Transmission

✅ AIDS (HIV) (UPSC 2019, 2013)
▪ Agent: HIV (RNA virus)
▪ Transmission: Body fluids (excluding saliva)
▪ Treatment: ART (e.g. Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Cabotegravir, Lenacapavir)

📍 Air-borne / Droplet Infections

✅ Chickenpox (UPSC 2014)
▪ Agent: Varicella-Zoster virus
▪ Transmission: Air-borne, direct contact
▪ Vaccine: Varivax, ProQuad (MMRV)

✅ Influenza
▪ Transmission: Droplets, direct contact
▪ Treatment: Antivirals (Oseltamivir), supportive care

✅ Measles, Mumps, Rubella
▪ Transmission: Air-borne droplets
▪ Treatment: Supportive care (Vitamin-A for measles)

📍 Zoonotic & Severe Viral Diseases

✅ Ebola
▪ Agent: Ebola virus (RNA)
▪ Deadliest strain: Zaire ebolavirus
▪ Transmission: Zoonosis, body fluids
▪ Vaccines: Ervebo, Zabdeno + Mvabea

✅ Nipah
▪ Agent: Nipah virus (RNA)
▪ Transmission: Zoonosis, contaminated food
▪ Vaccine: ❌ No approved vaccine

✅ Rabies
▪ Transmission: Animal bite (dogs, bats)
▪ Management: Post-exposure prophylaxis

📍 Vector-Specific (Prelims Favourite)

✅ Japanese Encephalitis
▪ Vector: Culex tritaeniorhynchus
▪ Vaccine: IXIARO (inactivated Vero cell vaccine)

📍 Pandemic Virus

✅ COVID-19
▪ Agent: SARS-CoV-2 (RNA virus)
▪ Transmission: Droplets, air-borne, fomites
▪ Vaccines (India): Covaxin, Covishield, Sputnik-V, GEMCOVAC-OM (mRNA)

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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Report of the 16th Finance Commission for 2026-31

Report Summary PRS Legislative Research

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Prelims important

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Union Budget 2026-27 Analysis

CSE 2025 vacancies breakup

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PPSC mains

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🔆 Medieval History – Dynasty Chronology (North & North-West India)

📍 Pratiharas (8th–11th century CE)
✅ Key rulers: Nagabhata I, Mihira Bhoja, Mahendrapala
✅ Defended North India from Arab invasions
✅ Patronised art & literature; strengthened regional power

📍 Chandelas of Bundelkhand (9th–13th century CE)
✅ Rulers: Yashovarman, Dhanga, Vidyadhara
✅ Built the Khajuraho temples
✅ Dominance in Central India

📍 Paramaras (9th–14th century CE)
✅ Rulers: Vakpati Munja, Bhoja
✅ Power centre in Malwa
✅ Architectural legacy like Bhojeshwar Temple

📍 Tomaras of Dhillika (Delhi) (9th–12th century CE)
✅ Rulers: Anangpal I, Anangpal II
✅ Founded Dhillika (Delhi)
✅ Laid groundwork for Delhi Sultanate

📍 Chahamanas (Chauhans) of Sakambhari (10th–12th century CE)
✅ Rulers: Vigraharaja IV, Prithviraj Chauhan
✅ Resisted invasions in North India
✅ Battles of Tarain against Muhammad Ghori

📍 Kalachuris of Tripuri (10th–12th century CE)
✅ Rulers: Kokkalla I, Gangeyadeva
✅ Controlled Central India
✅ Developed Kalachuri-style temples

📍 Chalukyas (Solankis) of Gujarat (950–1300 CE)
✅ Rulers: Mularaja, Bhima I, Siddharaja Jaysimha
✅ Built Modhera Sun Temple
✅ Resisted Mahmud of Ghazni, supported Jainism

📍 Karkota Dynasty (Kashmir) (7th–9th century CE)
✅ Ruler: Lalitaditya Muktapida
✅ Built Martand Sun Temple
✅ Promoted Sanskrit culture, expanded into Central Asia

📍 Gahadavalas (11th–12th century CE)
✅ Rulers: Govindachandra, Jayachandra
✅ Important in Kannauj politics
✅ Defeated by Muhammad Ghori (1194)

📍 Slave Dynasty (1206–1290 CE)
✅ Rulers: Qutbuddin Aibak, Iltutmish, Razia Sultana, Balban
✅ Established Delhi Sultanate
✅ Early Indo-Islamic architecture (Qutub Minar)
✅ Administrative & military reforms

📍 Khilji Dynasty (1290–1320 CE)
✅ Rulers: Jalaluddin Khilji, Alauddin Khilji
✅ Expansion of Sultanate
✅ Market control reforms, resistance to Mongols

📍 Tughlaq Dynasty (1320–1414 CE)
✅ Rulers: Ghiyasuddin, Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Firoz Shah
✅ Canal construction, administrative focus
❗ Capital shift & failed experiments
✅ Timur’s invasion (1398) during later phase

📍 Sayyid Dynasty (1414–1451 CE)
✅ Rulers: Khizr Khan, Mubarak Shah
✅ Weak dynasty; Timurid vassals
✅ Frequent revolts

📍 Lodi Dynasty (1451–1526 CE)
✅ Rulers: Bahlol Lodi, Sikandar Lodi, Ibrahim Lodi
✅ Last Delhi Sultanate dynasty
❗ Defeated by Babur (1526) → End of Sultanate

📍 Mughal Empire (1526–1707 CE)
✅ Rulers: Babur, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb
✅ Highly centralised empire
✅ Cultural synthesis & monumental architecture
➡️ Taj Mahal, Red Fort

📍 UPSC Relevance
✅ GS1 – Medieval Indian History | Dynasties | Culture

📌 Prelims Hack:
➡️ Link dynasty → region → key ruler → one monument / event for quick recall.

#history #prelims #mains

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🔆India’s Rare Earth Strategy: Manufacturing, Corridors, and Global Integration


Key Takeaways
✅Union Budget 2026–27 announces Dedicated Rare Earth Corridors in Odisha, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu for mining, processing, research, and manufacturing of Rare Earth Permanent Magnets (REPMs).
✅₹7,280 crore REPM Manufacturing Scheme approved in November 2025.
✅6,000 MTPA integrated REPM capacity to be created.
₹6,450 crore sales-linked incentives over five years.
✅₹750 crore capital subsidy for advanced facilities.
✅Geological Survey of India (GSI) has identified 482.6 million tonnes of rare-earth ore resources.

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72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 JULY 2026

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Bpsc prelims strategy

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