#pib
7-8th June pib summary

Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

🔆 Injectable Hydrogel for Cancer Treatment

📍 Why in News?
✅ Researchers from IIT Guwahati and Bose Institute, Kolkata have developed an advanced injectable hydrogel for targeted cancer therapy

📍 What is Injectable Hydrogel?
✅ A water-based polymer network designed to deliver anti-cancer drugs directly to the tumour site
✅ Enables localized treatment, minimizing damage to healthy tissues

📍 Developed By
✅ Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati
✅ Bose Institute, Kolkata

📍 Key Features

✅ Localized Drug Delivery
• Releases anti-cancer drugs precisely at the tumour site
• Minimizes exposure of healthy cells to toxic drugs

✅ Responsive Design
• Responds to elevated levels of Glutathione (GSH) found in tumour cells
• Ensures targeted and controlled drug release

✅ Biocompatibility
• Mimics the properties of living tissues
• Integrates smoothly with the body’s biological environment

✅ High Stability
• Remains insoluble in biological fluids
• Ensures the drug remains concentrated at the injection site

📍 Significance
✅ Reduces harmful side effects associated with conventional chemotherapy
✅ Improves precision and effectiveness of cancer treatment
✅ Particularly promising for breast cancer therapy
✅ Supports the development of personalized and localized medicine
✅ Represents a major advancement in drug delivery systems and biomedical research

📍 UPSC Prelims Fact
✅ Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks capable of absorbing large amounts of water while maintaining their structure, making them useful in drug delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 8 JUNE 2026

🔆 BANKING & FINANCE

📍 RBI Restores 9-Month Export Realisation Norm
✅ Export proceeds must now be realised within 9 months from shipment date
✅ Earlier relaxation allowed 15 months
✅ Aims to improve foreign exchange inflows and liquidity
✅ Supports balance of payments and exchange rate stability
✅ Restores pre-extension export norm

📍 RBI to Bear Full Hedging Cost on FCNR(B) Deposits
✅ Applicable for fresh FCNR(B) deposits with 3–5 years tenure
✅ Facility available till 30 September 2026
✅ Aims to attract foreign currency deposits
✅ FCNR(B) inflows fell by 87% in FY26
✅ Expected to enable banks to offer 50–100 bps higher interest rates to NRIs

🔆 ECONOMY

📍 India’s GDP Grows 7.7% in FY26
✅ NSO released Provisional Estimates for FY26
✅ Real GDP growth estimated at 7.7%
✅ Growth in FY25 was 7.1%
✅ Q4 FY26 growth accelerated to 7.8%
✅ Real GDP (FY26): ₹323.12 lakh crore
✅ Nominal GDP growth: 8.9%
✅ Estimates based on new 2022–23 base year

🔆 STATES

📍 18 Namo Oxygen Parks Inaugurated in Delhi
✅ Launched under Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam Campaign
✅ Inaugurated on World Environment Day 2026
✅ Main event held at Maidangarhi
✅ Inaugurated by Bhupender Yadav and CM Rekha Gupta

📍 Himachal Pradesh Signs MoU with UNDP
✅ Agreement signed for climate-resilient and sustainable development
✅ Focus on biodiversity conservation and green livelihoods
✅ Signed in Shimla
✅ Supports protection of fragile Himalayan ecosystems
✅ Safai Mitra Scheme also launched for informal waste workers

📍 Kerala Launches HAWK Wildlife Management System
✅ HAWK (Hostile Activity Watch Kernel) launched
✅ India’s first judiciary-integrated digital wildlife offence management system
✅ Links forest records with District Court Management System
✅ Tracks cases from offence report to court verdict
✅ Developed with support from Wildlife Trust of India and NTT Data

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 Centre Introduces Standard Edible Oil Pack Sizes
✅ Introduced under Legal Metrology Framework
✅ Covers major edible oils sold in India
✅ Approved sizes: 200 g, 500 g, 1 kg, 2 kg, 3 kg, 4 kg, 5 kg, 15 kg and 20 kg
✅ Aims to improve transparency and uniformity

📍 India’s Solar Capacity Rises from 2.8 GW to 155 GW
✅ Solar capacity increased nearly 55 times in 12 years
✅ India became world’s 2nd-largest solar growth market in 2025
✅ Added over 37 GW solar capacity in 2025
✅ India became world’s 3rd-largest solar power producer
✅ Renewable energy capacity reached 250.52 GW
✅ Achieved 50% installed power capacity from non-fossil sources ahead of target

📍 India Launches E85 Fuel
✅ Launched by Hardeep Singh Puri
✅ Contains 85% ethanol and 15% petrol
✅ Designed for Flex-Fuel Vehicles (FFVs)
✅ Supports ethanol blending programme after E20
✅ Expected to cost around ₹20/litre less than E20
✅ Initial rollout in Delhi-NCR, Mumbai, Pune and Nagpur

📍 Government Forms 6 Sector-Specific Manufacturing Groups
✅ Will identify 100 products for domestic manufacturing
✅ Aims to reduce import dependence
✅ Chaired by Amardeep Singh Bhatia
✅ Functions under DPIIT
✅ Covers pharmaceuticals, textiles, EVs, electronics, defence, energy and capital goods

🔆 AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

📍 e-Jagriti Platform Wins National e-Governance Award
✅ Department of Consumer Affairs received Silver Award
✅ Category: Government Process Re-engineering through Technology
✅ Platform launched on 1 January 2026
✅ Integrates OCMS, e-Daakhil, NCDRC CMS and CONFONET
✅ Enables AI-enabled paperless grievance redressal

#CurrentAffairs

🔆 SPORTS

📍 Alexander Zverev Wins French Open 2026
✅ Won maiden Grand Slam title
✅ Defeated Flavio Cobolli in final
✅ First German man to win French Open since 1937
✅ First German Grand Slam winner since Boris Becker (1996)

📍 India Wins SAFF Women’s Championship 2026
✅ Defeated Bangladesh 3–1 in final
✅ Final played in Madgaon, Goa
✅ Won record 6th title
✅ Lifted trophy after 7 years

📍 India Tops World Yogasana Championship Medal Table
✅ Championship held in Ahmedabad
✅ India won 7 medals
✅ Included 6 Gold Medals
✅ India remained overall leader

📍 Savitha Shri Baskar Wins Women’s Asian Chess Championship
✅ Event held in Ulaanbaatar
✅ Qualified for 2027 FIDE Women’s World Cup
✅ India’s 13th Women’s Asian Championship title

📍 India Wins Men’s U-18 Hockey Asia Cup
✅ Defeated Japan 4–1 in final
✅ Won title for third time
✅ India Women’s U-18 team won Bronze Medal

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 South Korea and Japan Conduct Joint Maritime Exercise
✅ Conducted SAREX after 9 years
✅ Held near Jeju Island
✅ Focus on maritime search and rescue operations
✅ Exercise first launched in 1999
✅ Aims to improve coordinated emergency response

🔆 ENVIRONMENT

📍 Rare Caracal Spotted in Kuno National Park
✅ Sighted after several decades
✅ Recorded through camera trap survey
✅ Located in Sheopur District, Madhya Pradesh
✅ Caracal is a rare wild cat species
✅ Protected under Schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
✅ IUCN Status: Least Concern

#CurrentAffairs

8th June Current affairs MCQ

#CurrentAffairs

https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

8th June Current affairs

#CurrentAffairs

https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

8th june editorial summary

#editorial

Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

Hello everyone!
My name is Arun Kumar. Having scored some of the highest marks—159, 144, and 135—in the CSE Essay papers, I have started a Telegram channel to simplify the art of essay writing.

​If you find yourself in any of these situations:

1) ​A Beginner: Feeling completely lost on how to approach or start an essay.

2) ​Below Average: Stuck in the low double-digits and struggling to cross the threshold.

3) ​Stagnant at Average: Scoring in the 95–105 zone but unable to break past the barrier into the 130s or 140s.

4) ​Inconsistent: Scoring well in one attempt but dropping drastically in the next.
​
then this channel is built exactly for you.

​The Focus Areas: My primary target is to decode the last 10 years of UPSC Essay papers, speacially the PHILOSOPHICAL themes (where most aspirants struggle).

Many aspirants have joined and some have even started sending copies and frameworks for feedback. So do join and make the most out of it. Also share with other aspirants.

https://t.me/upscessay159

🔆 Important Supreme Court Judgments on Hate Speech & Freedom of Speech

📍 Pravasi Bhalai Sangathan v. Union of India & Ors. (2014)

✅ Background
• Addressed the impact of hate speech on communal harmony and public order
• Court recognized the detrimental effects of hate speech and examined the adequacy of the existing legal framework

✅ Judgment
• Supreme Court acknowledged the harmful impact of hate speech
• Recommended a more comprehensive legal framework
• Referred the matter to the Law Commission for exploring legal reforms

✅ Significance
• Highlighted the need for stronger legal measures against hate speech
• Emphasized protection of social harmony and public order

✅ Doctrine Used
• Doctrine of Social Harmony

📍 Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015)

✅ Background
• Challenged the constitutionality of Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2000
• Petitioners argued that the provision violated Freedom of Speech and Expression

✅ Judgment
• Supreme Court struck down Section 66A
• Held that restrictions on speech under Article 19(2) are valid only when speech amounts to incitement to violence or public disorder

✅ Significance
• Landmark judgment safeguarding online free speech
• Reinforced that restrictions on expression must be narrowly tailored and constitutionally justified

✅ Doctrine Used
• Article 19(1)(a) – Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression
• Doctrine of Proportionality

📍 Amish Devgan v. Union of India (2020)

✅ Background
• Concerned the balance between Freedom of Speech and prevention of hate speech
• Examined whether restrictions were necessary to prevent communal disharmony

✅ Judgment
• Supreme Court emphasized balancing free speech with measures to prevent hatred and communal disharmony
• Held that restrictions must be applied carefully so as not to infringe fundamental rights unnecessarily

✅ Significance
• Reaffirmed the need to balance individual liberty with societal interests
• Ensured restrictions on speech remain proportionate and justified

✅ Doctrine Used
• Doctrine of Balancing Interests
• Doctrine of Social Harmony

📍 Quick Revision
✅ Pravasi Bhalai Sangathan (2014) → Hate Speech → Doctrine of Social Harmony
✅ Shreya Singhal (2015) → Section 66A struck down → Article 19(1)(a) + Doctrine of Proportionality
✅ Amish Devgan (2020) → Hate Speech vs Free Speech → Balancing Interests + Social Harmony

#GS2 #Polity #mains

CSE 2026-27 mains value addition

🛑 CLICK HERE 🛑

🔆 TWO-CHILD POLICY

📍 Objective
✅ Aims to control population growth and promote the small family norm.

✅ A Lancet Study (2020) projected that India’s population may peak around 2048 at nearly 1.6 billion (160 crore) before declining.

📍 Legal Status
✅ India does not have a national Two-Child Policy.

✅ However, some states have incorporated related provisions in local laws.

✅ States such as Andhra Pradesh and Telangana disqualify individuals with more than two children from contesting certain Panchayati Raj elections.

✅ States like Uttar Pradesh and Assam have previously proposed similar measures.

📍 Issues & Challenges

✅ Ineffective Population Control Tool
• International experience suggests that coercive population-control measures often create long-term demographic distortions.

• Article 47A encourages the State to promote the small family norm, but not through coercive means.

✅ Violation of Privacy & Reproductive Rights
• Such policies may conflict with the Right to Privacy and Personal Liberty under Article 21.

• In Suchita Srivastava v. Chandigarh Administration (2009), the Supreme Court recognized reproductive choice as an integral part of personal liberty.

✅ Risk of Missing Girls
• Son preference may intensify sex-selective practices.

• The number of missing girls at birth increased from 35 lakh (1987–96) to 55 lakh (2007–16).

✅ Increase in Unsafe Abortions
• Pressure to ensure a male child may lead to unsafe abortions and reproductive health risks.

• According to the State of World Population Report 2022, nearly 8 women die every day in India from causes related to unsafe abortions.

✅ Conflict with International Commitments
• Coercive population policies may run contrary to principles of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), 1994.

📍 Way Forward

✅ Focus on Social Development
• Improve education, healthcare, nutrition and women’s empowerment rather than coercive restrictions.

• According to the Social Progress Index 2022, India ranked 110th out of 169 countries.

✅ Promote Awareness
• Encourage voluntary adoption of small family norms through behavioural change campaigns.

✅ Strengthen Women’s Empowerment
• Higher female literacy, workforce participation and reproductive autonomy naturally reduce fertility rates.

✅ Comprehensive Sex Education
• Provide scientifically informed sex education to reduce unintended pregnancies and improve reproductive health awareness.

• Only about 15% of adolescents (15–19 years) have access to formal sex education.

📍 Conclusion
✅ Global and Indian experience indicates that education, healthcare, women’s empowerment and economic development are more effective in stabilizing population growth than coercive population-control measures.

✅ A rights-based, voluntary approach remains the most sustainable path towards achieving demographic balance.

#GS2 #Governance #mains

9th june editorial summary

#editorial

Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

Uppcs pre 2024 cutoff

#pib
9th June pib summary

Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 9 JUNE 2026

🔆 BANKING & FINANCE

📍 SEBI & RBI Plan Corporate Bond Index Derivatives
✅ SEBI and RBI working to strengthen debt market infrastructure
✅ Derivatives linked to Corporate Bond Indices to improve market liquidity
✅ Corporate bond issuances crossed ₹9 lakh crore in FY26
✅ Equity issuances reached ₹4.5 lakh crore
✅ 366 IPOs raised around ₹1.9 lakh crore
✅ Market capitalisation reached nearly 128% of GDP

📍 India & Nepal Launch Cross-Border Remittance Facility
✅ Links India’s UPI with Nepal’s National Payments Interface (NPI)
✅ Enables Peer-to-Peer (P2P) fund transfers
✅ Strengthens digital and financial connectivity
✅ Bhashini and Kathmandu University signed MoU for voice-first language platform
✅ India handed over 72 health facilities and completed 12 cultural heritage projects in Nepal

📍 RBI Announces ECB & FCNR(B) Swap Windows
✅ Introduced USD-Rupee Swap Facility for External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs)
✅ Swap facility also available for fresh FCNR(B) deposits
✅ ECB facility available till 15 January 2027
✅ FCNR(B) swap applicable till 16 October 2026
✅ Fresh FCNR(B) deposits exempted from CRR and SLR

📍 Government Deepens G-Sec Market for FPIs
✅ Tax exemption on Interest Income, STCG and LTCG from Government Securities
✅ Expands Fully Accessible Route (FAR)
✅ Aims to boost Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) in G-Secs

🔆 STATES

📍 West Bengal to Implement Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY
✅ Becomes 36th State/UT to adopt AB PM-JAY
✅ To be formalised through MoU with National Health Authority
✅ Provides ₹5 lakh health cover per family annually
✅ World’s largest government-funded health assurance scheme

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 NZP Saathi App Launched for Delhi Zoo
✅ Launched by Kirti Vardhan Singh
✅ Acts as a digital zoo guide
✅ Provides interactive maps and smart navigation
✅ Available on Android and iOS
✅ Self-ticketing kiosks also inaugurated

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 Bonn Climate Conference Calls for USD 120 Billion Adaptation Finance
✅ SB64 being held from 8–18 June 2026
✅ Preparatory meeting for COP31
✅ Proposal seeks USD 120 billion annually by 2035
✅ Focus on operationalising 59 Global Goal on Adaptation indicators
✅ COP31 scheduled in Antalya (9–20 November 2026)

🔆 AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

📍 GRASA Wins Rashtriya Ratna Samman 2026
✅ Awarded Emerging Health Tech & Nutrition Innovation Startup of the Year
✅ Recognised for millet-based metabolic health solutions
✅ Described as India’s first food-led metabolic recovery system

🔆 SCHEMES

📍 PM Jan Dhan Accounts Cross 58 Crore
✅ PMJDY launched on 28 August 2014
✅ Over 58 crore accounts opened
✅ Around ₹45 trillion transferred through DBT
✅ 56% account holders are women
✅ 67% accounts belong to rural and semi-urban areas
✅ Provides zero-balance accounts, RuPay card, insurance and overdraft facility

📍 ‘10 Years of PMSMA – A Decade of Care’ Campaign Launched
✅ Marks 10 years of Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA)
✅ PMSMA launched on 9 June 2016
✅ Provides free comprehensive antenatal care
✅ Special focus on 9th day of every month
✅ ₹75 commemorative coin and ₹5 postal stamp to be released

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 World Food Safety Day 2026
✅ Observed on 7 June
✅ Theme: “From Burden to Solutions: Safe Food Everywhere”

📍 World Oceans Day 2026
✅ Observed on 8 June
✅ Theme: “Reimagine: Beyond the world we know, a new relationship with our ocean”

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 SIPRI Yearbook 2026 Released
✅ India possesses an estimated 190 nuclear warheads
✅ Pakistan estimated to have 170 warheads
✅ India ranked 5th largest military spender in 2025
✅ Defence expenditure reached USD 92.1 billion
✅ Military spending grew by 8.9%
✅ India ranked 2nd largest arms importer (2021–25)
✅ Major suppliers: Russia (40%), France (29%) and Israel (15%)

#CurrentAffairs

Join https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY