One horned rhinoceros 🦏

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Ocean currents

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Ethanol

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Typhoon
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13th July editorial summary

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 13 JULY 2026

🔆 HISTORY, ART & CULTURE

📍 Vice-President Unveils Statue of Mannathu Padmanabhan
✅ Renowned social reformer, freedom fighter and community leader from Kerala
✅ Founder of the Nair Service Society (NSS)
✅ Participated in the Vaikom Satyagraha
✅ Honoured with Bharata Kesari (1959) and Padma Bhushan (1966)

🔆 POLITY & GOVERNANCE

📍 Centre Directs Playing of Vande Mataram Before National Anthem
✅ States and Central Ministries directed to play Vande Mataram before Jana Gana Mana at official events
✅ Vande Mataram written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
✅ Published in the novel Anandamath
✅ Government proposes amendment to the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 to make insults to the singing of Vande Mataram a punishable offence

📍 NSE Launches Nifty500 Ahimsa Index
✅ Launched by the National Stock Exchange (NSE)
✅ Developed with Ahimsagain Foundation
✅ Tracks companies following Ahimsa (non-violence) principles
✅ Excludes businesses involved in animal harm
✅ Only Green-category companies qualify for inclusion

📍 PM SVANidhi ‘Street Food Hub’ Plan
✅ Lakhanpur among the first selected towns
✅ Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs to establish 50 Street Food Hubs
✅ Each project receives ₹4 crore assistance
✅ Urban Local Bodies receive ₹25 lakh incentive
✅ Implemented with MoHUA, Ministry of Tourism and FSSAI

🔆 INDIA & THE WORLD

📍 PM Receives Traditional Māori Powhiri Welcome in New Zealand
✅ Traditional welcome by the Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand
✅ Includes Karanga, Whaikōrero, Hongi and Kai
✅ Symbolises transition from Tapu (sacred) to Noa (ordinary/safe)
✅ Reflects cultural respect and bilateral friendship

🔆 ECONOMY

📍 PMFME Scheme Crosses 2 Lakh Credit-Linked Beneficiaries
✅ Implemented by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries
✅ Supports unorganised micro food processing enterprises
✅ 90% beneficiaries are first-generation entrepreneurs
✅ 44% beneficiaries are women
✅ Over 4.18 lakh SHG members received seed capital
✅ More than 75,000 enterprises formalised through Udyam, FSSAI and GST registrations

🔆 ENVIRONMENT

📍 Aastha Van Sanrakshan Yojana Launched
✅ Aims to conserve 15,000 Sacred Groves (Aastha Van)
✅ Duration: 2026–27 to 2030–31
✅ Funded through CAMPA
✅ Promotes biodiversity conservation and traditional ecological knowledge

📍 Cyttopsis indica Discovered
✅ Commonly known as the Indian Dory
✅ Deep-sea fish discovered by ICAR-CMFRI
✅ Found in the Arabian Sea off Kerala at 350–500 m depth
✅ Belongs to Parazenidae family
✅ Stores waxy compounds to withstand extreme ocean pressure

📍 Bodoland Forests Showcase Rich Butterfly Diversity
✅ 346 butterfly species recorded in the Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR)
✅ Located at the junction of Indo-Malayan and Indo-Gangetic biogeographic zones
✅ Rare species include Yellow-crested Spangle, Swinhoe’s Flat and Great Windmill
✅ Bagurumba Dance inspired by butterfly diversity

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 Vepdegestrant Receives US FDA Approval
✅ First oral PROTAC-based cancer therapy
✅ Jointly developed by Arvinas and Pfizer
✅ Approved for ER-positive, HER2-negative, ESR1-mutated advanced/metastatic breast cancer
✅ Represents a new generation of targeted cancer treatment

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13th July pib summary
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The Astra MK 1 MISSILE

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14th July editorial summary

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 14 JULY 2026

🔆 POLITY & GOVERNANCE

📍 ‘Catch the Rain 2026’ Campaign
✅ Nationwide initiative for water conservation and rainwater harvesting
✅ Theme: “Peoples’ Action for Water Conservation – Towards Intensified Community Connect”
✅ Tagline: “Catch the Rain, Where it Falls, When it Falls”
✅ Implemented under AMRUT 2.0
✅ Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti in convergence with MoHUA

📍 National Innovation Challenge for Drone Application and Research (NIDAR 2.0)
✅ Launched by MeitY and Drone Federation India (DFI)
✅ Duration: 2026–27
✅ Implemented under the SwaYaan Initiative
✅ Focus on autonomous swarm drones for disaster response
✅ Promotes indigenous VEGA processor-based drone electronics and flight controllers

📍 SwaYaan Initiative
✅ National capacity-building programme for the UAS/Drone Sector
✅ Launched in 2022
✅ Initiative of MeitY
✅ Five-year programme to train 40,000+ personnel
✅ Supports India’s goal of becoming a Global Drone Hub by 2030

🔆 ECONOMY

📍 Jodhpuri Mojari Receives GI Tag
✅ Traditional handcrafted leather footwear from Jodhpur, Rajasthan
✅ Around 200 years old
✅ Crafted by the Jinagar (Jingar) community
✅ Recognised for its unique craftsmanship and cultural heritage

🔆 ENVIRONMENT

📍 Heatwaves Threaten Tropical Forest Photosynthesis
✅ Rising temperatures reducing forests’ ability to absorb CO₂
✅ Plants normally have a 15°C safety margin for photosynthesis
✅ Heat damages proteins responsible for photosynthesis
✅ High-temperature forest area increased from 43 million ha to 57 million ha over the last 20 years
✅ May intensify climate change by reducing carbon sequestration

📍 Rising CO₂ Weakens Large Bee Populations
✅ Elevated CO₂ reduces protein content in pollen and alters nectar quality
✅ Large-bodied bees declining in high-CO₂ regions
✅ Big bees are among the most efficient pollinators
✅ Decline may adversely affect pollination, biodiversity and crop productivity

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 ISRO Successfully Conducts IMAT-05
✅ Integrated Main Parachute Airdrop Test (IMAT-05) completed under Gaganyaan Programme
✅ Conducted at ADRDE Drop Zone, Sheopur (Madhya Pradesh)
✅ Dummy payload dropped from 2.5 km altitude using IAF IL-76 aircraft
✅ Validates the main parachute under maximum load conditions
✅ Critical for safe landing of astronauts during Gaganyaan Mission

🔆 RANKS & REPORTS

📍 UN Women Releases ‘Beyond the Breaking Point’ Report
✅ Highlights severe impact of global aid cuts on women’s organisations
✅ 95.7% funding decline from 5 major donors
✅ Around 1 million women left unsupported
✅ 40% organisations may shut down within a year
✅ Reports 86% rise in Gender-Based Violence (GBV)
✅ Released by UN Women

🔆 SPORTS

📍 Wimbledon Championships 2026
✅ Oldest Grand Slam tennis tournament (Founded: 1877)
✅ Venue: All England Lawn Tennis & Croquet Club, London

✅ Men’s Singles: Jannik Sinner (Italy)
✅ Women’s Singles: Linda Noskova (Czech Republic)
✅ Men’s Doubles: Henry Patten (Great Britain)
✅ Women’s Doubles: Guo Hanyu (China)
✅ Mixed Doubles: Marcelo Arevalo (El Salvador) & Jelena Ostapenko (Latvia)

📍 Wheelchair Wimbledon Champions 2026
✅ Men’s Singles: Tokito Oda (Japan)
✅ Women’s Singles: Yui Kamiji (Japan)
✅ Quad Singles: Niels Vink (Netherlands)
✅ Men’s Doubles: Alfie Hewett & Gordon Reid (Great Britain)
✅ Women’s Doubles: Yui Kamiji (Japan) & Zhu Zhenzhen (China)
✅ Quad Doubles: Guy Sasson (Israel) & Niels Vink (Netherlands)

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14th July UPSC current affairs

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🔆 The Judiciary’s Role in Complete Justice

📍 Why in News?
✅ Supreme Court invoked its extraordinary powers to recognize safe travel on National Highways as a Fundamental Right under Article 21 after reviewing fatal road accidents.

📍 What is Complete Justice?
✅ Extraordinary power available only to the Supreme Court.
✅ Enables the Court to go beyond procedural and statutory limitations to ensure substantive justice.
✅ Invoked when existing legal frameworks are inadequate or silent.

📍 Key Constitutional Provisions

✅ Article 142
• Empowers SC to pass any order necessary for complete justice.

✅ Article 21
• Right to Life and Personal Liberty.
• Expanded to include safe travel on National Highways.

✅ Article 141
• Supreme Court judgments become binding law across India.

✅ Article 226
• High Courts can issue writs but do not possess Article 142-like powers.

📍 Role in Delivering Complete Justice

✅ Filling Legislative Gaps
• Provides remedies where laws are absent or inadequate.

✅ Overriding Procedural Barriers
• Ensures justice is not defeated by technicalities.

✅ Adapting to Social Change
• Protects rights in emerging issues like privacy, LGBTQ+ rights, and live-in relationships.

✅ Transforming Policy into Constitutional Duty
• Example: Road safety elevated as a Fundamental Right under Article 21.

📍 Challenges
✅ Concerns of Judicial Overreach and violation of Separation of Powers.
✅ No fixed framework governing Article 142 usage.
✅ High Courts lack similar powers.
✅ Implementation challenges for executive agencies.

📍 Way Forward
✅ Develop judicial self-restraint guidelines.
✅ Use expert committees in technical matters.
✅ Create a public registry of Article 142 orders.
✅ Ensure timely legislative response to judicial directives.
✅ Strengthen state-level compliance mechanisms.

📍 Prelims Facts
✅ Article 142 is often called the Supreme Court’s power to do “Complete Justice.”
✅ This power is exclusive to the Supreme Court and unavailable to High Courts.


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🔆 India Calls for Dialogue on Climate Finance

📍 Why in Focus?
✅ At the UN Climate Change negotiations (SB64) in Bonn, Germany, India called for addressing the shrinking pool of international climate finance and the widening adaptation finance gap, while reaffirming the principle of climate equity and common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR-RC).

📍 What is Climate Finance?
✅ Refers to local, national and international financial resources mobilised from public, private and alternative sources to support climate mitigation and adaptation initiatives.

📍 Key Global Concerns
✅ UN estimates that the adaptation finance gap for developing countries is 10–18 times current international public financial flows.
✅ Developing countries require $5–6 trillion by 2030 to implement their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
✅ The proposed New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) seeks at least $300 billion annually by 2035, which developing nations consider inadequate.

📍 India’s Stand
✅ Emphasised implementation of Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement, which obligates developed countries to provide financial resources to developing nations.
✅ Called for a dedicated negotiation agenda on climate finance obligations.
✅ Coordinated with G77 & China, LMDC and BASIC blocs to strengthen the voice of the Global South.
✅ Opposed unilateral climate-linked trade measures such as the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).

📍 Why Strong Climate Finance is Essential?
✅ Upholds the principle of historical climate justice.
✅ Enables developing countries to pursue green transitions without falling into debt traps.
✅ Supports renewable energy expansion and climate adaptation.
✅ Protects agriculture, infrastructure and global supply chains from climate shocks.

📍 Major Challenges
✅ Resistance from developed countries to strengthen finance commitments.
✅ Growing use of protectionist green trade barriers.
✅ Attempts to impose additional emission obligations without corresponding financial support.
✅ Diversion of resources due to geopolitical conflicts.
✅ Slow and complex access to international climate funds.

📍 Way Forward
✅ Ensure dedicated implementation of Article 9.1 under the UNFCCC process.
✅ Finalise Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) indicators for measurable funding.
✅ Simplify access to the Green Climate Fund (GCF).
✅ Move towards transparent, grant-based climate finance under the post-2025 NCQG framework.
✅ Strengthen collective bargaining by developing country groupings.

📍 UPSC Value Addition

✅ Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement
Mandates that developed countries shall provide financial resources to assist developing countries in mitigation and adaptation efforts.

✅ NCQG (New Collective Quantified Goal)
The post-2025 global climate finance target intended to replace the earlier $100 billion annual commitment.

✅ CBDR-RC Principle
Recognises that while all nations share responsibility for climate action, developed countries bear greater obligations due to historical emissions and greater capabilities.

📍 UPSC Mains Practice Question

“Climate finance remains the cornerstone of climate justice and equitable global climate governance. Discuss India’s position on international climate finance and examine the challenges in mobilising adequate resources for adaptation and mitigation in developing countries.” (GS-III | 15 Marks | 250 Words)

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