🔆 India’s First Indigenous Expendable Turbojet Engine
📍 Why in News?
✅ India achieved a major milestone in aerospace technology with the successful development of its first indigenous expendable turbojet engine
📍 Key Highlights
✅ Designed by DRDO’s Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE)
✅ Manufactured by Azad Engineering, Hyderabad
✅ Engine formally delivered to GTRE
✅ Thrust Class: 350 kg
✅ Developed for defence applications, particularly expendable aerial platforms
📍 What is an Expendable Turbojet Engine?
✅ A single-use jet engine designed for platforms such as cruise missiles and loitering munitions
✅ Optimised for high speed, compact size, and cost-effectiveness
✅ Does not require recovery or reuse after the mission
📍 Working Mechanism
✅ Air Intake & Compression – Incoming air is compressed to increase pressure
✅ Combustion – Fuel mixes with compressed air and burns, generating high-temperature gases
✅ Turbine – Expanding gases rotate the turbine, which drives the compressor
✅ Nozzle – Exhaust gases exit at high speed, producing thrust based on Newton’s Third Law of Motion
📍 Significance
✅ Strengthens Aatmanirbhar Bharat in critical aerospace technologies
✅ Reduces dependence on imported propulsion systems
✅ Enhances indigenous capability in missile and UAV propulsion
✅ Demonstrates India’s growing expertise in advanced metallurgy, precision engineering, and gas turbine technology
📍 UPSC Value Addition
✅ GTRE is a laboratory of DRDO engaged in the design and development of gas turbine engines for defence applications
✅ Turbojet Engine produces thrust primarily through high-velocity exhaust gases and is suitable for high-speed flight
📍 Mains Question
“Indigenous aero-engine technology is a critical pillar of India’s strategic autonomy in defence manufacturing. Discuss with reference to the development of India’s first indigenous expendable turbojet engine.” (15 Marks, 250 Words)
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
📍 Why in News?
✅ India achieved a major milestone in aerospace technology with the successful development of its first indigenous expendable turbojet engine
📍 Key Highlights
✅ Designed by DRDO’s Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE)
✅ Manufactured by Azad Engineering, Hyderabad
✅ Engine formally delivered to GTRE
✅ Thrust Class: 350 kg
✅ Developed for defence applications, particularly expendable aerial platforms
📍 What is an Expendable Turbojet Engine?
✅ A single-use jet engine designed for platforms such as cruise missiles and loitering munitions
✅ Optimised for high speed, compact size, and cost-effectiveness
✅ Does not require recovery or reuse after the mission
📍 Working Mechanism
✅ Air Intake & Compression – Incoming air is compressed to increase pressure
✅ Combustion – Fuel mixes with compressed air and burns, generating high-temperature gases
✅ Turbine – Expanding gases rotate the turbine, which drives the compressor
✅ Nozzle – Exhaust gases exit at high speed, producing thrust based on Newton’s Third Law of Motion
📍 Significance
✅ Strengthens Aatmanirbhar Bharat in critical aerospace technologies
✅ Reduces dependence on imported propulsion systems
✅ Enhances indigenous capability in missile and UAV propulsion
✅ Demonstrates India’s growing expertise in advanced metallurgy, precision engineering, and gas turbine technology
📍 UPSC Value Addition
✅ GTRE is a laboratory of DRDO engaged in the design and development of gas turbine engines for defence applications
✅ Turbojet Engine produces thrust primarily through high-velocity exhaust gases and is suitable for high-speed flight
📍 Mains Question
“Indigenous aero-engine technology is a critical pillar of India’s strategic autonomy in defence manufacturing. Discuss with reference to the development of India’s first indigenous expendable turbojet engine.” (15 Marks, 250 Words)
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
❤3
🔆 LIGO-India (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory)
📍 Latest Update (Feb 2026)
✅ Larsen & Toubro (L&T) won the contract from Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) to construct LIGO-India at Aundha, Hingoli district, Maharashtra.
🔆 About LIGO
📍 Objective
✅ Detect Gravitational Waves — ripples in space-time caused by violent cosmic events like black hole mergers or neutron star collisions.
✅ Predicted by Albert Einstein in 1916 (General Theory of Relativity).
✅ First directly detected in 2015 at LIGO Laboratory, USA.
📍 What are Gravitational Waves?
✅ Travel at the speed of light.
✅ Carry information about their cosmic origins and the nature of gravity.
✅ Generated by extreme astrophysical events (e.g., binary black holes).
📍 Principle of Working (Laser Interferometry)
✅ Uses twin 4-km-long L-shaped vacuum tunnels.
✅ A laser beam is split → reflected by mirrors → recombined.
✅ Passing waves cause minute stretching/compression of space, creating an interference pattern.
✅ Detects changes smaller than a proton’s diameter.
🔆 LIGO-India
📍 Approval & Collaboration
✅ Approved by Government of India (2016).
✅ Jointly developed by DAE + DST.
✅ In collaboration with National Science Foundation, USA (MoU).
📍 Indian Partner Institutes
✅ Institute of Plasma Research
✅ Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
✅ Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology
📍 Global Network Members
✅ LIGO Laboratory (USA)
✅ Virgo Collaboration (Italy)
✅ KAGRA (Japan)
➡ LIGO-India will strengthen global triangulation & source localization.
📍 Significance for India
✅ 🔬 Astrophysics Leadership – Entry into frontier gravitational research.
✅ ⚙ Technological Boost – Precision engineering, lasers, vacuum tech.
✅ 🏭 Industrial Collaboration – Role of Indian firms like L&T.
✅ 🌍 Scientific Diplomacy – Enhances global prestige.
📝 UPSC Mains Angle (GS3 – Science & Tech)
“Discuss the significance of LIGO-India in advancing India’s scientific capabilities and international scientific collaboration.”
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
📍 Latest Update (Feb 2026)
✅ Larsen & Toubro (L&T) won the contract from Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) to construct LIGO-India at Aundha, Hingoli district, Maharashtra.
🔆 About LIGO
📍 Objective
✅ Detect Gravitational Waves — ripples in space-time caused by violent cosmic events like black hole mergers or neutron star collisions.
✅ Predicted by Albert Einstein in 1916 (General Theory of Relativity).
✅ First directly detected in 2015 at LIGO Laboratory, USA.
📍 What are Gravitational Waves?
✅ Travel at the speed of light.
✅ Carry information about their cosmic origins and the nature of gravity.
✅ Generated by extreme astrophysical events (e.g., binary black holes).
📍 Principle of Working (Laser Interferometry)
✅ Uses twin 4-km-long L-shaped vacuum tunnels.
✅ A laser beam is split → reflected by mirrors → recombined.
✅ Passing waves cause minute stretching/compression of space, creating an interference pattern.
✅ Detects changes smaller than a proton’s diameter.
🔆 LIGO-India
📍 Approval & Collaboration
✅ Approved by Government of India (2016).
✅ Jointly developed by DAE + DST.
✅ In collaboration with National Science Foundation, USA (MoU).
📍 Indian Partner Institutes
✅ Institute of Plasma Research
✅ Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
✅ Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology
📍 Global Network Members
✅ LIGO Laboratory (USA)
✅ Virgo Collaboration (Italy)
✅ KAGRA (Japan)
➡ LIGO-India will strengthen global triangulation & source localization.
📍 Significance for India
✅ 🔬 Astrophysics Leadership – Entry into frontier gravitational research.
✅ ⚙ Technological Boost – Precision engineering, lasers, vacuum tech.
✅ 🏭 Industrial Collaboration – Role of Indian firms like L&T.
✅ 🌍 Scientific Diplomacy – Enhances global prestige.
📝 UPSC Mains Angle (GS3 – Science & Tech)
“Discuss the significance of LIGO-India in advancing India’s scientific capabilities and international scientific collaboration.”
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
❤4