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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 04 AUGUST 2026

🔆 HISTORY, ART & CULTURE

📍 Dhimsa Dance Sets Guinness World Record
✅ Over 13,000 tribal women and students performed Dhimsa Dance, creating a Guinness World Record
✅ Performed during the inauguration of Alluri Sitarama Raju International Airport
✅ Dhimsa means “sound of footsteps”
✅ Traditional tribal folk dance of the Eastern Ghats (Araku Valley & Paderu in Andhra Pradesh; Koraput in Odisha)
✅ Performed to honour village deities, celebrate harvests, weddings and promote community unity

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 Water Bombers Deployed in Greece
✅ Water-bombing aircraft resumed firefighting operations across Greece
✅ Used to drop water or fire retardants over wildfires
✅ Major firefighting operations underway in Psatha, Kryo Pigadi and Kandyli
✅ Severe wildfires continue across Boeotia and Attica regions
✅ Capital of Greece: Athens

🔆 BANKING & FINANCE

📍 India Achieves Near-Universal Banking Coverage
✅ 99.92% of inhabited villages now have a banking outlet within 5 km
✅ PM Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) has opened 58.77 crore bank accounts
✅ Digital initiatives include NABARD e-KYC, KRISHIKA Platform, and RBI’s MuleHunter AI
✅ Strengthens financial inclusion and digital banking ecosystem

📍 RBI’s Special Swap Facility
✅ RBI’s concessional swap window attracted US$ 40.816 billion in foreign inflows
✅ Supports FCNR(B) deposits, ECBs and OFCBs
✅ FCNR(B) contributed US$ 36.72 billion
✅ OFCBs: US$ 2.57 billion
✅ ECBs: US$ 1.5 billion
✅ Helps strengthen India’s balance of payments and reduce hedging costs

🔆 ENVIRONMENT

📍 Glaw Lake Becomes Arunachal Pradesh’s First Ramsar Site
✅ Located inside Kamlang Tiger Reserve, Lohit district
✅ Sacred lake for the Mishmi community
✅ Fed by mountain streams
✅ India now has 101 Ramsar Sites
✅ Tamil Nadu has the highest number (20), while West Bengal has the largest Ramsar area

📍 Roadmap for Active Management of Tigers in India Report
✅ Released by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)
✅ India has 3,682 tigers, around 75% of the global wild tiger population
✅ Nearly two-thirds of India’s 58 tiger reserves face declining prey base or poor habitat
✅ Only 20 tiger habitats possess both adequate prey and quality habitat
✅ Highlights need for active habitat and prey management

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 Exercise ROTOR CLAP III
✅ Annual Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems (Counter-UAS) exercise
✅ Conducted by the Indian Air Force (IAF)
✅ Held at Pokhran Field Firing Range, Rajasthan
✅ First conducted in 2024
✅ Focuses on counter-drone operations

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 Znamya-2 Orbital Space Mirror Experiment
✅ Russian orbital experiment conducted in 1993
✅ Used an aluminium-coated Mylar mirror to reflect sunlight onto Earth’s night side
✅ Produced a moving light beam about 5 km wide
✅ Potential applications include night-time solar power and extended agricultural daylight
✅ Concerns include light pollution, astronomical interference, and ecological disruption

🔆 HEALTH

📍 India Leads in Living Donor Organ Transplants
✅ Announced during the 16th Indian Organ Donation Day (IODD)
✅ Organised by NOTTO under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
✅ 20,138 organ transplants performed in 2025 (highest ever)
✅ India ranks 3rd globally in total organ transplants
✅ Deceased donor transplants increased from 837 (2013) to 3,526 (2025)
✅ Launched Jug Jug Jiyo Abhiyaan, e-प्रत्यारोपण Platform, and NOTTO Mobile App
✅ Released National Brain Stem Death Certification Guidelines and Swap Transplantation Guidelines

🔆 SPORTS

📍 Commonwealth Games 2026 Concludes
✅ Held in Glasgow, Scotland
✅ Australia topped the medal tally with 171 medals (70 Gold)
✅ India finished 4th with 39 medals (13 Gold, 17 Silver, 9 Bronze)
✅ India’s best performance came in Boxing with 10 medals (7 Gold)
✅ Other major contributions: Athletics (10), Weightlifting (8), Para Athletics (6), Judo (4), Para Powerlifting (1)
✅ 2030 Commonwealth Games will be hosted by Ahmedabad, India

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🔆 Utkalmani Pandit Gopabandhu Das

📍 Why in News?
✅ The President of India unveiled the statue of Utkalmani Pandit Gopabandhu Das at Lajpat Bhawan, New Delhi.

📍 About
✅ Eminent freedom fighter, social reformer, educationist, poet, and journalist from Odisha.
✅ Revered as “Utkalmani” (The Jewel of Odisha).
✅ Dedicated his life to national freedom, social service, education, and the unification of Odia-speaking regions.

📍 Early Life
✅ Born:9 October 1877 at Suando village, near Puri, Odisha.
✅ Founded Kartavya Bodhini Samiti at Ravenshaw College to promote nationalism and social service.
✅ Qualified in B.A., M.A., and LL.B. from Calcutta University, but left legal practice for public service.

📍 Contributions
✅ First President of the Utkal Pradesh Congress Committee (UPCC) in 1920.
✅ Led the Non-Cooperation Movement in Odisha under Mahatma Gandhi.
✅ Played a key role in Utkal Sammilani, contributing to the creation of Odisha as India’s first linguistic state (1936).
✅ Joined Lala Lajpat Rai’s Servants of the People Society and later became its Vice-President.

📍 Major Works
✅ Founded Satyabadi Bana Bidyalaya (1909) at Sakhigopal based on the Gurukul system.
✅ Founded the Odia newspaper The Samaja (1919).
✅ Authored Bandi R Atmakatha, Dharmapada, and Kara Kabita.

📍 Legacy
✅ Passed away on 17 June 1928.
✅ Donated The Samaja and his properties to the Servants of the People Society.
✅ Remembered as a symbol of selfless service, nationalism, and educational reform.

📍 Prelims Pointer
✅ Title:Utkalmani (The Jewel of Odisha)
✅ Birth:9 October 1877, Suando, Puri (Odisha)
✅ Founded:Satyabadi Bana Bidyalaya (1909), The Samaja (1919)
✅ First President:Utkal Pradesh Congress Committee (1920)
✅ Associated With:Non-Cooperation Movement, Utkal Sammilani, Servants of the People Society

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🔆 Vedangas (Six Limbs of the Vedas)

📍 About
✅ Vedangas are the six auxiliary disciplines essential for the study, understanding, and preservation of the Vedas
✅ They are regarded as the organs (Angas) of the Veda Purusha

🔆 1️⃣ Shiksha (Phonetics)
📍 Focus
✅ Deals with pronunciation, accent, stress, melody, and euphonic combinations in Vedic recitation
✅ Ensures the correct chanting of Vedic hymns and preserves their ritual efficacy
✅ Known as the most important Vedanga

📍 Key Facts
✅ Meaning – Instruction
✅ Main texts – Paniniya Shiksha, Yajnavalkya Shiksha, Vasishthi Shiksha
✅ Pratisakhyas guide the recitation of different Vedas
✅ Associated with Rigveda, Krishna Yajurveda, Shukla Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda

🔆 2️⃣ Kalpa (Rituals & Ethics)
📍 Focus
✅ Deals with Vedic rituals, sacrifices, rites of passage, and social conduct
✅ Provides practical rules for performing religious ceremonies

📍 Types of Kalpa Sutras
✅ Shrauta Sutras – Public sacrifices and priestly duties
✅ Grihya Sutras – Domestic rituals
✅ Dharma Sutras – Social conduct, duties, and law
✅ Forms the basis of later Dharmashastra traditions

🔆 3️⃣ Vyakarana (Grammar)
📍 Focus
✅ Deals with Sanskrit grammar, word formation, and sentence structure
✅ Known as the Mouth of Veda Purusha

📍 Key Facts
✅ Panini’s Ashtadhyayi is the foundational text
✅ Based on Prakriti (root) and Pratyaya (suffix)
✅ Important commentators – Vararuci and Sage Patanjali

🔆 4️⃣ Nirukta (Etymology)
📍 Focus
✅ Explains the meaning and origin of difficult Vedic words
✅ Known as the Ears of Veda Purusha

📍 Key Facts
✅ Yaska is the foremost authority on Nirukta
✅ Commentary on the Nighantu, an early Vedic glossary
✅ Explains symbolic and obscure Vedic terms

🔆 5️⃣ Chhanda (Prosody)
📍 Focus
✅ Deals with the metrical structure of Vedic hymns
✅ Based on Guru (heavy) and Laghu (light) syllables

📍 Importance
✅ Ensures correct recitation and acts as an error-correcting tool
✅ Rig Veda and Sama Veda are mainly in verse
✅ Yajur Veda contains both prose and poetry

🔆 6️⃣ Jyotisha (Astronomy & Astrology)
📍 Focus
✅ Determines auspicious timings for Vedic rituals using the movements of celestial bodies
✅ Known as the Eyes of Veda Purusha

📍 Key Facts
✅ Sage Bhrigu is traditionally associated with its development
✅ Influenced by Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Persian, Greek, and Islamic traditions
✅ Important scholars include Aryabhatta, Varahamihira, and Bhaskaracharya

🔆 Vedangas at a Glance

✅ Shiksha → Phonetics & Pronunciation
✅ Kalpa → Rituals, Ceremonies & Ethics
✅ Vyakarana → Grammar
✅ Nirukta → Etymology & Meaning of Words
✅ Chhanda → Meters & Prosody
✅ Jyotisha → Astronomy, Astrology & Auspicious Timings

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 05 AUGUST 2026

🔆 POLITY & GOVERNANCE

📍 Supreme Court on Live-in Relationships
✅ Supreme Court held that domestic cruelty provisions extend to eligible live-in relationships that are “in the nature of marriage”
✅ Section 498A IPC (now Sections 85 & 86 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita) applies to such relationships
✅ Excluding women in marriage-like live-in relationships from legal protection violates Article 14 (Right to Equality)
✅ Initial burden to prove a shared domestic arrangement and intent to marry lies with the female partner

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 2nd BRICS Anti-Corruption Working Group (ACWG) Meeting
✅ Held in Hyderabad under India’s BRICS Presidency 2026
✅ Organised by the Department of Personnel & Training (DoPT)
✅ Conducted alongside the 2nd BRICS Expert Network on Asset Recovery Meeting
✅ Theme: “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”
✅ Focus on creating a BRICS Repository on Informal Cooperation to trace fugitives and streamline extradition
✅ Emphasised standardized information-sharing for cross-border asset recovery

🔆 ECONOMY

📍 Advantages of Lab-Grown Diamonds
✅ Produced using technology that replicates natural diamond formation
✅ Avoids open-pit mining, deforestation and land degradation
✅ Requires significantly less water than conventional diamond mining
✅ Can be manufactured using renewable energy, reducing emissions
✅ Completely conflict-free and fully traceable
✅ Provides safer working conditions compared to mining

📍 India’s Distributed Solar Capacity
✅ Distributed solar capacity reached 31.5 GW in FY 2026
✅ Increased 17-fold from 1.8 GW in FY 2018
✅ Report released by the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
✅ Distributed solar contributes around 21–22% of India’s renewable energy capacity
✅ Major growth drivers include PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana and PM-KUSUM

📍 PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana Updates
✅ Central Sector Scheme implemented by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
✅ Over 50 lakh households have adopted rooftop solar
✅ More than 19 lakh households report zero electricity bills
✅ Rooftop solar installed on 25,000+ Central Government and 81,000+ State Government buildings
✅ Installation pace increased 3.2 times over the past 9 months
✅ Currently records over 16,000 installations per day

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 MA-104: India’s First Indigenous ASF Vaccine for Pigs
✅ India launched its first MA-104 cell-line based live attenuated African Swine Fever (ASF) vaccine
✅ Developed by ICAR–National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (ICAR-NIHSAD), Bhopal
✅ Based on an Indian ASFV Genotype II strain with targeted gene deletions
✅ Designed to provide strong immunity while eliminating virulence
✅ Recommended for healthy pigs above 8 weeks
✅ Booster dose administered 14 days after the primary injection

📍 Sun’s Upper Atmosphere Rotates Faster than Surface
✅ Scientists found the Sun’s upper atmosphere rotates faster than its visible surface
✅ Rotation slows slightly during periods of higher solar activity (more sunspots)
✅ Challenges predictions based on classical physics
✅ Study conducted by ARIES, Udaipur Solar Observatory (USO), Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) and Ahmednagar College
✅ Utilised data from Japan’s Nobeyama Radioheliograpy

🔆 AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

📍 COSPAR Vikram Sarabhai Medal 2026
✅ Awarded to Dr. Annapurni Subramaniam
✅ Director of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bengaluru
✅ First Indian woman scientist and fourth Indian overall to receive the honour
✅ Contributed to AstroSat’s Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) and stellar population research

📍 About COSPAR Vikram Sarabhai Medal
✅ Constituted in 1990
✅ Jointly awarded by COSPAR and ISRO
✅ Honours scientists from developing countries for outstanding contributions to space science

📍 Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
✅ International interdisciplinary scientific body
✅ Established on 3 October 1958
✅ Created by the International Council of Scientific Unions (now International Science Council)

✅ Promotes international cooperation and free exchange of scientific knowledge in space research

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 National Handloom Day
✅ Observed annually on 7 August
✅ Celebrated since 2015
✅ Coordinated by the Ministry of Textiles
✅ Commemorates the launch of the Swadeshi Movement (7 August 1905) at Calcutta Town Hall
✅ Promotes India’s rich handloom heritage and supports indigenous weavers

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