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🔆 Hoysala Dynasty

📍 Why in News?
✅ A 12th-century Veeragallu (Hero Stone) discovered at Neeragunda, Karnataka contains a Kannada inscription confirming the death of Hoysala ruler Vishnuvardhana in 1141 CE
✅ Veeragallus are memorial stones erected in honour of warriors and heroes

🔆 About the Hoysalas
✅ Ruled large parts of present-day Karnataka and Tamil Nadu between the 11th and 14th centuries CE
✅ Founded by Nripa Kama II
✅ Capitals were Belur and Halebid (Karnataka)
✅ Reached its zenith under rulers such as Vishnuvardhana and Veera Ballala II

🔆 Key Features
✅ Renowned for their temple architecture, especially the use of soapstone and intricate carvings
✅ Patronised Shaivism, Vaishnavism, and Jainism
✅ Encouraged the growth of Kannada and Sanskrit literature
✅ Played a significant role in the cultural and political history of South India

🔆 UNESCO World Heritage Sites
✅ The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas are inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites
✅ Chennakeshava Temple – Belur
✅ Hoysaleswara Temple – Halebid
✅ Keshava Temple – Somanathapura

🔆 Prelims Facts
✅ Period – 11th–14th centuries CE
✅ Founder – Nripa Kama II
✅ Capitals – Belur and Halebid
✅ Famous for star-shaped temples, soapstone architecture, and intricate sculptures
✅ The Veeragallu inscription has confirmed King Vishnuvardhana’s death on 11 December 1141 CE

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7th August editorial summary

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 07 AUGUST 2026

🔆 HISTORY, ART & CULTURE

📍 Hero Stone Solves Hoysala Dynasty Mystery
✅ A newly discovered Hero Stone inscription at Neeragunda, Karnataka has resolved the long-standing debate over Hoysala King Vishnuvardhana’s death
✅ Commissioned by Maravve in memory of her husband Boppa, who died shortly after the king
✅ Inscription dates Vishnuvardhana’s death to 11 December 1141 CE
✅ Confirms he died at Bankapura
✅ The Hoysala Dynasty ruled much of present-day Karnataka from the 10th to 14th centuries

🔆 POLITY & GOVERNANCE

📍 ANUGYAN Programme Launched
✅ ANUGYAN (Nuclear Technology Orientation Programme) launched jointly by IIT Hyderabad and Crimson Energy Experts
✅ India’s first industry-academia programme for the civil nuclear energy sector
✅ Three-month residential programme for engineers and professionals
✅ Aims to help increase India’s nuclear power capacity from 8.8 GWe to 100 GWe by 2047
✅ Open to engineering graduates, PSU officials, EPC contractors and industry professionals

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 10th BRICS Industry Ministers’ Meeting
✅ Held in Jaipur, Rajasthan under India’s BRICS Chairship
✅ Theme: “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”
✅ Adopted a Joint Declaration
✅ Key outcomes include cooperation on MSMEs, Start-ups, Photovoltaic Industry and Logistics
✅ Finalised the SME Working Group Framework and Innovation Action Plan

📍 ‘Seafarer-First’ Initiative
✅ Launched by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways
✅ Aims to protect Indian merchant navy personnel in conflict-prone West Asian waters
✅ Covers the Strait of Hormuz, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman
✅ Prioritises the safety and welfare of Indian seafarers irrespective of vessel nationality

🔆 ENVIRONMENT

📍 Mission Clouded Leopard
✅ Meghalaya launched Mission Clouded Leopard
✅ Dedicated conservation programme for the Mainland Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)
✅ The Clouded Leopard is the State Animal of Meghalaya
✅ Focuses on habitat protection, landscape connectivity, anti-poaching measures and community participation

📍 FAO Peat-Emit Report 2026
✅ Released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
✅ Provides updated methods to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands and organic soils
✅ Peatlands occupy only 3–4% of Earth’s land but store about 30% of global soil organic carbon
✅ Highlights increasing emissions from degraded and drained peatlands
✅ Identifies major data gaps in Africa and Latin America

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 Agni-4 Ballistic Missile Successfully Test-Fired
✅ India successfully tested the Agni-4 Medium-Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM)
✅ Conducted from Integrated Test Range, Chandipur (Odisha)
✅ Strike range of up to 4,000 km
✅ Two-stage solid-fuel missile
✅ Capable of carrying nuclear and conventional warheads
✅ Equipped with an advanced re-entry heat shield capable of withstanding temperatures above 3,000°C

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 mFlusiva – World’s First mRNA Seasonal Influenza Vaccine
✅ US FDA approved mFlusiva (mRNA-1010)
✅ Developed by Moderna
✅ World’s first mRNA-based seasonal influenza vaccine
✅ Approved for adults aged 50 years and above
✅ Can be developed in about 6 weeks, compared to nearly 6 months for conventional egg-based vaccines

📍 ‘Ghost Particles’ Aid Nuclear Monitoring
✅ Scientists from France’s Double Chooz Collaboration precisely measured antineutrino (“ghost particle”) emissions from spent nuclear fuel
✅ Enables remote monitoring of nuclear fuel and detection of illicit plutonium extraction
✅ Antineutrinos pass through matter almost unaffected
✅ Even after reactor shutdown, radioactive decay continues to emit measurable antineutrinos

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 ‘India Day’ Declared in Massachusetts
✅ Massachusetts Governor Maura Healey and Boston Mayor Michelle Wu declared 15 August as “India Day”
✅ Marks India’s 79th Independence Day
✅ Recognises the contributions of the Indian-American community
✅ India has the world’s largest diaspora with over 3.6 crore people of Indian origin living abroad
✅ More than 50 lakh people of Indian origin reside in the United States

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7th August UPSC current affairs

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7 August pib summary
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6 August pib summary
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🔆 Quit India Movement | Bharat Chhodo Andolan

📍 Why in News?
✅ The Chairman of Rajya Sabha made a solemn reference in Parliament to commemorate the 84th Anniversary of the Quit India Movement

🔆 About the Quit India Movement
✅ Also known as August Kranti
✅ A mass movement launched by the Indian National Congress (INC) demanding an immediate end to British colonial rule
✅ Launched on 8 August 1942
✅ Major mass mobilisation began after the arrest of Congress leaders on 9 August 1942
✅ Famous slogan – “Do or Die” (Karo Ya Maro)

🔆 Launch & Leadership
📍 Location
✅ Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay, now known as August Kranti Maidan, Mumbai

📍 Key Leaders
✅ Mahatma Gandhi
✅ Jawaharlal Nehru
✅ Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
✅ Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
✅ Aruna Asaf Ali

🔆 Background
📍 World War II
✅ Japan’s advance through Southeast Asia after the attack on Pearl Harbor brought the war closer to India
✅ Fall of Singapore and Rangoon intensified fears of Japanese invasion

📍 Failure of Cripps Mission, 1942
✅ Sir Stafford Cripps offered post-war constitutional arrangements, including Dominion Status
✅ Congress rejected the proposal as it did not provide immediate self-government
✅ Failure of negotiations increased political frustration and strengthened the demand for British withdrawal

📍 Congress Decisions
✅ Congress Working Committee adopted the Quit India proposal at Wardha in July 1942
✅ AICC formally approved the resolution at Bombay on 8 August 1942

🔆 Major Events

📍 Mass Arrests
✅ In the early hours of 9 August 1942, British authorities arrested major Congress leaders
✅ The arrests created a leadership vacuum and triggered spontaneous mass protests across India

📍 Underground Resistance
✅ Aruna Asaf Ali hoisted the national flag at Gowalia Tank Maidan
✅ Usha Mehta operated the underground Congress Radio
✅ Underground networks helped maintain communication and resistance

📍 Parallel Governments
✅ Tamluk Jatiya Sarkar – Midnapore, Bengal
✅ Prati Sarkar – Satara, Maharashtra, associated with Nana Patil
✅ Balia – Uttar Pradesh, led by Chittu Pandey

🔆 British Repression
✅ British authorities used mass arrests, police firing, censorship, and heavy fines
✅ More than 1 lakh people were imprisoned
✅ Railways and telegraph networks were targeted by protesters as part of resistance activities

🔆 Significance
✅ Demonstrated the widespread popular rejection of British colonial rule
✅ Disrupted colonial administrative machinery in several regions
✅ Strengthened the demand for complete independence
✅ Made continued British rule increasingly difficult after the Second World War
✅ Became a crucial milestone in the transition towards Indian independence in 1947

🔆 Prelims Facts
✅ Year – 1942
✅ Date of launch – 8 August 1942
✅ Place – Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay
✅ Slogan – Do or Die
✅ Underground Radio – Usha Mehta
✅ Flag at Gowalia Tank – Aruna Asaf Ali
✅ Satara Parallel Government – Nana Patil
✅ Balia Parallel Government – Chittu Pandey

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8th August editorial summary

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