PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2027
COLLECTIVE EXPERIENCE OF FACULTY : Cleared UPSC Prelims 30 times | Mains 30 times | 4 Final Selections (AIR 63, 77, 89 & 96)
• Test Series Schedule : click here
• Free Test Available : click here
• Test Series Admission : Enroll now
🌟 Seat Left : 113/250 | Grab it at just Rs 499 /- (5000)
• Connect with Toppers : click here
COLLECTIVE EXPERIENCE OF FACULTY : Cleared UPSC Prelims 30 times | Mains 30 times | 4 Final Selections (AIR 63, 77, 89 & 96)
• Test Series Schedule : click here
• Free Test Available : click here
• Test Series Admission : Enroll now
🌟 Seat Left : 113/250 | Grab it at just Rs 499 /- (
• Connect with Toppers : click here
EPFO accelerator program ( 14 September start )
✅Daily 10 PM Bot Quiz: Practice 30 targeted MCQs every day (Sunday OFF).
✅30 MCQ with details explanation ( maths reasoning 15 MCQ without explanation)
✅ subject cover - English, Current Affairs, Maths, Reasoning, Science
Computer, Labour Law, Industrial Relations, Social Security, Accounting, Auditing, Insurance, History & Culture, Polity, Economy
✅Structured Preparation: Full syllabus schedule included to keep you on track.
✅24/7 Revision: Missed the quiz? MCQs are available anytime for seamless revision.
✅Massive Question Bank: Gain access to a total of 3000+ MCQs.
✅Pre-Enrollment Fee: ₹499 (Active Now)
✅Standard Fee: ₹599
Enroll - @EPFO_admin_bot
✅Daily 10 PM Bot Quiz: Practice 30 targeted MCQs every day (Sunday OFF).
✅30 MCQ with details explanation ( maths reasoning 15 MCQ without explanation)
✅ subject cover - English, Current Affairs, Maths, Reasoning, Science
Computer, Labour Law, Industrial Relations, Social Security, Accounting, Auditing, Insurance, History & Culture, Polity, Economy
✅Structured Preparation: Full syllabus schedule included to keep you on track.
✅24/7 Revision: Missed the quiz? MCQs are available anytime for seamless revision.
✅Massive Question Bank: Gain access to a total of 3000+ MCQs.
✅Pre-Enrollment Fee: ₹499 (Active Now)
Enroll - @EPFO_admin_bot
❤2
🔆 Colonial Knowledge: Knowledge as an Instrument of Colonial Rule
📍 Why did the British study India?
🟢 Colonial conquest was achieved not only through superior arms, military organisation, political power and economic wealth, but also through “cultural technologies of rule”, as noted by Nicholas Dirks. Knowledge of Indian laws, customs, languages, society and geography helped the colonial state understand, classify and govern India more effectively.
📍 Warren Hastings and Colonial Knowledge
🟢 Warren Hastings wanted to end the Dual Government system under Robert Clive and lay the foundation of territorial rule in Bengal. However, he was not in favour of introducing English laws and ways in India. He preferred to rule the “conquered in their own way” by reconciling British rule with native Indian institutions.
🟢 Greater knowledge of Indian manners, customs, laws and literature would make British rule more acceptable to Indians and help keep revolts away.
📍 Asiatic Society of Bengal
🟢 Established by William Jones in 1784, the Society aimed to systematically study and unearth knowledge about Asia. Its journal was Asiatick Researches.
🟢 William Jones acquired mastery over Sanskrit language and literature. He authored A Digest of Hindu Law on Contract and Succession, which was translated into English and published after his death by Henry Thomas Colebrook in 1796.
🟢 Charles Wilkins translated the Bhagavad Gita.
🟢 Henry T. Colebrook, a renowned Orientalist and successor to Jones, was appointed Professor of Sanskrit at Fort William in 1800. He studied the Vedas, placed them chronologically before the Puranas and outlined the existence of a monotheistic tradition in ancient India.
📍 Codification of Hindu Laws
🟢 Hastings’ judicial reforms revealed differing interpretations of local laws by Brahman Pandits based on different schools of Dharmashastra.
🟢 To bring uniformity, 11 Pandits compiled a digest of Hindu laws, which N.B. Halhed translated into English as A Code of Gentoo Laws.
🟢 A Code of Gentoo Laws and A Digest of Hindu Law on Contract and Succession emerged as authoritative texts on Hindu law, with the Company government bearing the cost of their compilation and publication.
📍 Survey and Mapping
🟢 The office of the Surveyor General of Bengal was established under Warren Hastings, and James Rennell became its first Surveyor General in 1764.
🟢 Rennell produced the Map of Hindoostan, the first authoritative mapping exercise of India. Sepoys and British Army officials were engaged in the survey and mapping process.
📍 Administrators-cum-Scholars
🟢 Fort William College contributed to the emergence of administrators-cum-scholars, who applied their knowledge of India to colonial administration and induced significant changes in Indian society.
📍 Conclusion
🟢 Thus, colonial knowledge was not merely academic. The systematic study of India’s laws, texts, languages, customs and geography became an important instrument for administering, controlling and legitimising colonial rule.
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
📍 Why did the British study India?
🟢 Colonial conquest was achieved not only through superior arms, military organisation, political power and economic wealth, but also through “cultural technologies of rule”, as noted by Nicholas Dirks. Knowledge of Indian laws, customs, languages, society and geography helped the colonial state understand, classify and govern India more effectively.
📍 Warren Hastings and Colonial Knowledge
🟢 Warren Hastings wanted to end the Dual Government system under Robert Clive and lay the foundation of territorial rule in Bengal. However, he was not in favour of introducing English laws and ways in India. He preferred to rule the “conquered in their own way” by reconciling British rule with native Indian institutions.
🟢 Greater knowledge of Indian manners, customs, laws and literature would make British rule more acceptable to Indians and help keep revolts away.
📍 Asiatic Society of Bengal
🟢 Established by William Jones in 1784, the Society aimed to systematically study and unearth knowledge about Asia. Its journal was Asiatick Researches.
🟢 William Jones acquired mastery over Sanskrit language and literature. He authored A Digest of Hindu Law on Contract and Succession, which was translated into English and published after his death by Henry Thomas Colebrook in 1796.
🟢 Charles Wilkins translated the Bhagavad Gita.
🟢 Henry T. Colebrook, a renowned Orientalist and successor to Jones, was appointed Professor of Sanskrit at Fort William in 1800. He studied the Vedas, placed them chronologically before the Puranas and outlined the existence of a monotheistic tradition in ancient India.
📍 Codification of Hindu Laws
🟢 Hastings’ judicial reforms revealed differing interpretations of local laws by Brahman Pandits based on different schools of Dharmashastra.
🟢 To bring uniformity, 11 Pandits compiled a digest of Hindu laws, which N.B. Halhed translated into English as A Code of Gentoo Laws.
🟢 A Code of Gentoo Laws and A Digest of Hindu Law on Contract and Succession emerged as authoritative texts on Hindu law, with the Company government bearing the cost of their compilation and publication.
📍 Survey and Mapping
🟢 The office of the Surveyor General of Bengal was established under Warren Hastings, and James Rennell became its first Surveyor General in 1764.
🟢 Rennell produced the Map of Hindoostan, the first authoritative mapping exercise of India. Sepoys and British Army officials were engaged in the survey and mapping process.
📍 Administrators-cum-Scholars
🟢 Fort William College contributed to the emergence of administrators-cum-scholars, who applied their knowledge of India to colonial administration and induced significant changes in Indian society.
📍 Conclusion
🟢 Thus, colonial knowledge was not merely academic. The systematic study of India’s laws, texts, languages, customs and geography became an important instrument for administering, controlling and legitimising colonial rule.
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
❤5
#Goodmorning
⏳262 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳351 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳108 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳94 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳88 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳84 days left Ifos mains 25 November
⏳74 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳56 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳52 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
⏳10 Days left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳4 days left Mppsc mains 7 September
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳262 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳351 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳108 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳94 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳88 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳84 days left Ifos mains 25 November
⏳74 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳56 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳52 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
⏳10 Days left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳4 days left Mppsc mains 7 September
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤2
🔆 SEBI’s IT Resilience Index (ITRI)
📍 Why in News?
🟢 SEBI has introduced the IT Resilience Index (ITRI) for Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs).
📍 What is ITRI?
🟢 A quantitative regulatory scorecard to assess the technological resilience of critical capital-market infrastructure.
🟢 Measures cybersecurity, fault tolerance, reliability and disaster-recovery capabilities.
🟢 Similar to how capital adequacy ratios assess financial health in banking, ITRI measures digital resilience in capital markets.
📍 Key Features
🟢 Uses a 9-parameter weighted framework to quantitatively benchmark IT resilience.
🟢 Availability – 20% and Cybersecurity – 20% are the major parameters.
🟢 Business Continuity – 10% and Reliability – 10% assess recovery capabilities.
🟢 Scalability – 5% evaluates the ability to handle sudden transaction-volume surges.
🟢 Requires an automated Early Warning System (EWS) to detect performance degradation, latency spikes and hardware stress.
📍 Objective
🟢 Ensure trading, clearing, settlement and depository systems can withstand, absorb and recover from cyberattacks, software failures, operational shocks and transaction surges.
📍 Significance
🟢 Shifts regulation from static compliance to measurable digital resilience.
🟢 Helps prevent failures at exchanges and depositories from creating systemic financial disruptions.
🟢 Complements SEBI’s technology roadmap covering AI/ML, SupTech/RegTech and quantum-safe cryptography.
🎯 Prelims Pointers
🟢 Regulator: SEBI
🟢 Index: IT Resilience Index (ITRI)
🟢 Coverage: Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs)
🟢 Highest weights: Availability & Cybersecurity — 20% each
🟢 Early Warning System: Mandatory
#Economy
📍 Why in News?
🟢 SEBI has introduced the IT Resilience Index (ITRI) for Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs).
📍 What is ITRI?
🟢 A quantitative regulatory scorecard to assess the technological resilience of critical capital-market infrastructure.
🟢 Measures cybersecurity, fault tolerance, reliability and disaster-recovery capabilities.
🟢 Similar to how capital adequacy ratios assess financial health in banking, ITRI measures digital resilience in capital markets.
📍 Key Features
🟢 Uses a 9-parameter weighted framework to quantitatively benchmark IT resilience.
🟢 Availability – 20% and Cybersecurity – 20% are the major parameters.
🟢 Business Continuity – 10% and Reliability – 10% assess recovery capabilities.
🟢 Scalability – 5% evaluates the ability to handle sudden transaction-volume surges.
🟢 Requires an automated Early Warning System (EWS) to detect performance degradation, latency spikes and hardware stress.
📍 Objective
🟢 Ensure trading, clearing, settlement and depository systems can withstand, absorb and recover from cyberattacks, software failures, operational shocks and transaction surges.
📍 Significance
🟢 Shifts regulation from static compliance to measurable digital resilience.
🟢 Helps prevent failures at exchanges and depositories from creating systemic financial disruptions.
🟢 Complements SEBI’s technology roadmap covering AI/ML, SupTech/RegTech and quantum-safe cryptography.
🎯 Prelims Pointers
🟢 Regulator: SEBI
🟢 Index: IT Resilience Index (ITRI)
🟢 Coverage: Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs)
🟢 Highest weights: Availability & Cybersecurity — 20% each
🟢 Early Warning System: Mandatory
#Economy
❤1
🔆 EXERCISE SUPER GARUDA SHIELD 2026
🔹Context:
• The 5th edition of Super Garuda Shield (SGS) 2026, a major multinational military exercise, is being conducted in Indonesia from 31 August to 11 September 2026.
🔹 About the Exercise:
• Type: Multilateral military exercise
• Host: Indonesia
• Key partners: Indonesia & United States
• 2026 edition: 5th Super Garuda Shield
• Participants: 21 countries
• Personnel: Around 4,743 multinational troops
• India: Participating country
• Japan: Participating; Japan first joined in 2022 and is participating for the 5th time in 2026.
🔹 Major Components:
• Staff Exercise (Staffex)
• Cyber Exercise (Cyberex)
• Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR)
• Field Training Exercise (FTX)
• Airborne operations
• Air operations
• Special Operations Forces
• Naval & Marine operations
• Land combat
• Joint land-strike operations
• Medical evacuation (Medevac)
🔹 Humanitarian Dimension:
• Humanitarian Civic Activities (HCA) include:
• ENCAP: School renovation + road improvement
• MEDCAP: General medical treatment for 500 people
• Mass circumcision for 50 children
• Distribution of 1,000 food/essential-goods packages
🔹 Significance for India / UPSC:
• Strengthens India–Indonesia defence cooperation.
• Enhances interoperability with Indo-Pacific partner militaries.
• Supports India's defence diplomacy and engagement with ASEAN/Indo-Pacific.
• Builds capabilities for joint operations, HADR, cyber warfare and military readiness.
• Relevant to India's broader vision of a free, open and stable Indo-Pacific.
🔹Context:
• The 5th edition of Super Garuda Shield (SGS) 2026, a major multinational military exercise, is being conducted in Indonesia from 31 August to 11 September 2026.
🔹 About the Exercise:
• Type: Multilateral military exercise
• Host: Indonesia
• Key partners: Indonesia & United States
• 2026 edition: 5th Super Garuda Shield
• Participants: 21 countries
• Personnel: Around 4,743 multinational troops
• India: Participating country
• Japan: Participating; Japan first joined in 2022 and is participating for the 5th time in 2026.
🔹 Major Components:
• Staff Exercise (Staffex)
• Cyber Exercise (Cyberex)
• Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR)
• Field Training Exercise (FTX)
• Airborne operations
• Air operations
• Special Operations Forces
• Naval & Marine operations
• Land combat
• Joint land-strike operations
• Medical evacuation (Medevac)
🔹 Humanitarian Dimension:
• Humanitarian Civic Activities (HCA) include:
• ENCAP: School renovation + road improvement
• MEDCAP: General medical treatment for 500 people
• Mass circumcision for 50 children
• Distribution of 1,000 food/essential-goods packages
🔹 Significance for India / UPSC:
• Strengthens India–Indonesia defence cooperation.
• Enhances interoperability with Indo-Pacific partner militaries.
• Supports India's defence diplomacy and engagement with ASEAN/Indo-Pacific.
• Builds capabilities for joint operations, HADR, cyber warfare and military readiness.
• Relevant to India's broader vision of a free, open and stable Indo-Pacific.
❤4
Bringing together 11 major emerging markets and developing countries, BRICS provides a platform for consultation and cooperation on global and regional issues, including political and economic governance.
Its growing membership reflects the changing balance of global influence.
The Numbers Behind BRICS’ Growing Power
BRICS by numbers: the bloc’s global economic weight is significant.
Its 11 member nations represent 49.5% of the world’s population, 40% of global GDP and 26% of global trade , underscoring its growing importance in the global economic landscape.
Its growing membership reflects the changing balance of global influence.
The Numbers Behind BRICS’ Growing Power
BRICS by numbers: the bloc’s global economic weight is significant.
Its 11 member nations represent 49.5% of the world’s population, 40% of global GDP and 26% of global trade , underscoring its growing importance in the global economic landscape.