#Goodmorning
⏳247 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳336 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳93 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳79 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳73 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳66 days left Ifos mains 22 November
⏳59 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳41 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳37 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳247 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳336 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳93 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳79 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳73 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳66 days left Ifos mains 22 November
⏳59 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳41 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳37 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤4
🔆 Peptides, Proteins & Hormones — Understanding the Difference
📍 Why in News?
🟢 Bengaluru’s first “Peptide Party” was cancelled after 200+ registrations for around 50 places, highlighting the growing interest in peptides and their potential health applications.
📍 Amino Acids — Building Blocks
🟢 Amino acids are the basic building blocks of peptides and proteins.
🟢 Humans use 20 different amino acids, which combine in different sequences to form proteins.
📍 Peptides vs Proteins
🟢 Peptides: Relatively short chains of amino acids, generally 2–50 amino acids.
🟢 Proteins: Larger chains, generally 50+ amino acids, with more complex folded structures.
🟢 Both occur naturally in the body and can also be synthesised.
📍 Key Functions
🟢 Peptides: Often act as signalling molecules and regulate biological functions; some can reduce inflammation and support muscle-building processes.
🟢 Proteins: Help build tissues, transport molecules and support immune responses.
🟢 Hormones: Act as chemical messengers, carrying signals between cells and organs.
📍 Important Point
🟢 A hormone is defined by its function, not its molecular structure.
🟢 Hormones can be proteins, steroids or amino-acid derivatives.
🟢 Some peptides and proteins can therefore function as hormones.
📍 Therapeutic Applications
🟢 Peptides: Insulin and semaglutide are established peptide medicines.
🟢 Proteins: Used in enzyme-replacement therapies and monoclonal antibody treatments.
🟢 Hormone therapy: May use synthetic or bioidentical hormones.
📌 Prelims Quick Revision:
🟢 Amino acids → building blocks
🟢 Peptides → shorter amino-acid chains
🟢 Proteins → larger, complex structures
🟢 Hormones → chemical messengers; may be peptides, proteins, steroids or derivatives
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
📍 Why in News?
🟢 Bengaluru’s first “Peptide Party” was cancelled after 200+ registrations for around 50 places, highlighting the growing interest in peptides and their potential health applications.
📍 Amino Acids — Building Blocks
🟢 Amino acids are the basic building blocks of peptides and proteins.
🟢 Humans use 20 different amino acids, which combine in different sequences to form proteins.
📍 Peptides vs Proteins
🟢 Peptides: Relatively short chains of amino acids, generally 2–50 amino acids.
🟢 Proteins: Larger chains, generally 50+ amino acids, with more complex folded structures.
🟢 Both occur naturally in the body and can also be synthesised.
📍 Key Functions
🟢 Peptides: Often act as signalling molecules and regulate biological functions; some can reduce inflammation and support muscle-building processes.
🟢 Proteins: Help build tissues, transport molecules and support immune responses.
🟢 Hormones: Act as chemical messengers, carrying signals between cells and organs.
📍 Important Point
🟢 A hormone is defined by its function, not its molecular structure.
🟢 Hormones can be proteins, steroids or amino-acid derivatives.
🟢 Some peptides and proteins can therefore function as hormones.
📍 Therapeutic Applications
🟢 Peptides: Insulin and semaglutide are established peptide medicines.
🟢 Proteins: Used in enzyme-replacement therapies and monoclonal antibody treatments.
🟢 Hormone therapy: May use synthetic or bioidentical hormones.
📌 Prelims Quick Revision:
🟢 Amino acids → building blocks
🟢 Peptides → shorter amino-acid chains
🟢 Proteins → larger, complex structures
🟢 Hormones → chemical messengers; may be peptides, proteins, steroids or derivatives
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
❤8
🔥 EPFO 2026 Preparation Deserves More Than Random Notes.
📚 UPSC EPFO APFC 2026 – 3rd Edition
Set of 2 Focused Booklets
⭐ Written by serving/experienced EPFO Officers & IIT Alumni
Labour Codes • Industrial Relations • Social Security • Accounting • Auditing • Insurance • Computer • Quantitative Aptitude
✅ PYQs covered up to 2025
✅ Practice Questions + Quick Revision
✅ Focused specifically for EPFO/APFC preparation
💥₹999 → ₹699
Use Coupon Code: TOPPERSKART
🎁 Free Delivery on Limited Copies
🔥 Pre-orders are filling fast — secure your copy before the current batch closes.
👉
https://learnfinite.com/courses/upsc-epfo-2026?referral=76BQGGXC
📚 UPSC EPFO APFC 2026 – 3rd Edition
Set of 2 Focused Booklets
⭐ Written by serving/experienced EPFO Officers & IIT Alumni
Labour Codes • Industrial Relations • Social Security • Accounting • Auditing • Insurance • Computer • Quantitative Aptitude
✅ PYQs covered up to 2025
✅ Practice Questions + Quick Revision
✅ Focused specifically for EPFO/APFC preparation
💥
Use Coupon Code: TOPPERSKART
🎁 Free Delivery on Limited Copies
🔥 Pre-orders are filling fast — secure your copy before the current batch closes.
👉
https://learnfinite.com/courses/upsc-epfo-2026?referral=76BQGGXC
❤1
UPSC EPFO APFC 2026_VOL 2 (ACCOUNTANCY).pdf
11.2 MB
Accountancy, Auditing,
Insurance, Computer &
Quantitative Aptitude
Insurance, Computer &
Quantitative Aptitude
❤3
EPFO accelerator program anmol vachan
✅Daily 10 PM Bot Quiz: Practice 30 targeted MCQs every day (Sunday OFF).
✅30 MCQ with details explanation ( maths reasoning 15 MCQ without explanation)
✅ subject cover - English, Current Affairs, Maths, Reasoning, Science
Computer, Labour Law, Industrial Relations, Social Security, Accounting, Auditing, Insurance, History & Culture, Polity, Economy
✅Structured Preparation: Full syllabus schedule included to keep you on track.
✅24/7 Revision: Missed the quiz? MCQs are available anytime for seamless revision.
✅Massive Question Bank: Gain access to a total of 3000+ MCQs.
✅ Fee 599rs
Enroll - @EPFO_admin_bot
Labour code notes click here 99rs(199)
English grammar notes CLICK HERE 99rs (199rs)
EPFO accelerator+ English grammar notes + labour code notes
700rs (1000rs) 30 % discount
✅Daily 10 PM Bot Quiz: Practice 30 targeted MCQs every day (Sunday OFF).
✅30 MCQ with details explanation ( maths reasoning 15 MCQ without explanation)
✅ subject cover - English, Current Affairs, Maths, Reasoning, Science
Computer, Labour Law, Industrial Relations, Social Security, Accounting, Auditing, Insurance, History & Culture, Polity, Economy
✅Structured Preparation: Full syllabus schedule included to keep you on track.
✅24/7 Revision: Missed the quiz? MCQs are available anytime for seamless revision.
✅Massive Question Bank: Gain access to a total of 3000+ MCQs.
✅ Fee 599rs
Enroll - @EPFO_admin_bot
Labour code notes click here 99rs
English grammar notes CLICK HERE 99rs (
700rs (
❤2
🔆 STEM CELL THERAPY FOR AUTISM: HEALTH MINISTRY RESTRICTS USE TO APPROVED CLINICAL TRIALS
📍 Why in News?
🟢 The Union Health Ministry has asked States and Union Territories to restrict stem cell therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to duly approved clinical trials.
📍 What are Stem Cells?
🟢 Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into specialised cell types.
🟢 Role: Support tissue maintenance, repair and regeneration.
🟢 Types: Embryonic, adult, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and perinatal stem cells.
📍 Stem Cell Therapy: Mechanism
🟢 Extraction: Stem cells are obtained from a suitable source and processed in a laboratory.
🟢 Specialisation: Cells may be directed or manipulated towards specific cell types.
🟢 Transplantation: Cells are introduced into the patient for therapeutic purposes, depending on the disease and treatment approach.
📍 Applications
🟢 Established use: Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is used to treat certain blood cancers and blood disorders, including leukaemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
🟢 Regenerative medicine: Research is exploring potential applications in Type 1 diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, heart failure and osteoarthritis.
🟢 Research & drug testing: Stem cells help study disease mechanisms and evaluate drug safety and toxicity.
📍 Stem Cell Therapy & Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
🟢 ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with differences in social communication and restricted or repetitive behaviours.
🟢 ICMR’s 2021 evidence review did not support stem cell therapy as a standard or routine treatment for ASD.
🟢 Its therapeutic use in ASD is restricted to duly approved clinical trials with necessary regulatory approvals.
📍 UPSC MAINS QUESTION
Q. What is stem cell therapy? Discuss its applications in regenerative medicine and examine the ethical, scientific and regulatory challenges associated with its use in Autism Spectrum Disorder. (250 words)
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
📍 Why in News?
🟢 The Union Health Ministry has asked States and Union Territories to restrict stem cell therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to duly approved clinical trials.
📍 What are Stem Cells?
🟢 Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into specialised cell types.
🟢 Role: Support tissue maintenance, repair and regeneration.
🟢 Types: Embryonic, adult, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and perinatal stem cells.
📍 Stem Cell Therapy: Mechanism
🟢 Extraction: Stem cells are obtained from a suitable source and processed in a laboratory.
🟢 Specialisation: Cells may be directed or manipulated towards specific cell types.
🟢 Transplantation: Cells are introduced into the patient for therapeutic purposes, depending on the disease and treatment approach.
📍 Applications
🟢 Established use: Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is used to treat certain blood cancers and blood disorders, including leukaemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
🟢 Regenerative medicine: Research is exploring potential applications in Type 1 diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, heart failure and osteoarthritis.
🟢 Research & drug testing: Stem cells help study disease mechanisms and evaluate drug safety and toxicity.
📍 Stem Cell Therapy & Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
🟢 ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with differences in social communication and restricted or repetitive behaviours.
🟢 ICMR’s 2021 evidence review did not support stem cell therapy as a standard or routine treatment for ASD.
🟢 Its therapeutic use in ASD is restricted to duly approved clinical trials with necessary regulatory approvals.
📍 UPSC MAINS QUESTION
Q. What is stem cell therapy? Discuss its applications in regenerative medicine and examine the ethical, scientific and regulatory challenges associated with its use in Autism Spectrum Disorder. (250 words)
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
❤3👌1
#Goodmorning
⏳246 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳335 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳92 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳78 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳72 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳65 days left Ifos mains 22 November
⏳58 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳40 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳36 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳246 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳335 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳92 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳78 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳72 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳65 days left Ifos mains 22 November
⏳58 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳40 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳36 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
🔆 ONE LINERS – 17 SEPTEMBER 2026
📍 HISTORY, ART & CULTURE
🔆 Hyderabad Liberation Day
✅ Hyderabad Liberation Day marks the integration of the princely State of Hyderabad into the Indian Union in 1948.
✅ The integration was achieved through Operation Polo, a military operation undertaken by India in September 1948.
✅ The event is associated with the end of the Nizam’s rule and Hyderabad’s incorporation into independent India.
📍 SPECIES
🔆 Rare Philomela Form of Common Wanderer Butterfly
✅ A rare Philomela form of the Common Wanderer butterfly was recorded at Poothurai, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu.
✅ The observation is significant for documenting butterfly diversity and the occurrence of a less commonly recorded form.
✅ Prelims focus: Common name, scientific classification, location of sighting and the distinction between a species and a form/variation.
📍 POLITY & GOVERNANCE
🔆 EPFO Wage Ceiling Increased
✅ The wage ceiling for EPFO coverage has been increased from ₹15,000 to ₹25,000 per month.
✅ The revised ceiling is effective from 17 September 2026.
✅ The wage ceiling determines the salary threshold used for mandatory coverage under the relevant EPF provisions.
✅ Exam focus: EPFO, social security, formalisation of employment and employee provident fund coverage.
🔆 69th Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference
✅ The 69th Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference is being held in Cape Town, South Africa.
✅ The conference brings together parliamentarians from Commonwealth jurisdictions to discuss parliamentary functioning and shared legislative concerns.
✅ Prelims focus: Conference number, host city and host country.
🔆 Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA)
✅ The Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA) is marking its 25th anniversary as an Institution of National Importance.
✅ ICWA is associated with the study and discussion of international relations and foreign-policy issues.
✅ Exam focus: Institution, mandate and its role in promoting research and dialogue on international affairs.
📍 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
🔆 Sohar Port – Oman
✅ Sohar Port is located in Oman, on the Gulf of Oman.
✅ It is an important maritime and industrial hub in the region.
✅ Prelims focus: Port–country mapping and its location in the wider Indian Ocean region.
🔆 Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) – Tempest
✅ India is a dialogue partner in the Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP), associated with the Tempest next-generation combat-aircraft project.
✅ The programme concerns the development of advanced combat-air capabilities and related technologies.
✅ Prelims focus: Programme name, Tempest association and India’s status as a dialogue partner.
📍 ENVIRONMENT
🔆 National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
✅ The NAPCC is India’s framework for addressing climate change through national-level missions.
✅ It comprises eight national missions, covering areas related to climate mitigation, adaptation, energy efficiency and sustainable development.
✅ Prelims focus: Full form of NAPCC and the number of missions.
🔆 India Net Zero Portal & NAPCC Dashboard
✅ India has launched the India Net Zero Portal and the NAPCC Dashboard.
✅ These platforms are associated with climate-action information, tracking and monitoring of initiatives.
✅ Exam focus: Digital governance tools supporting climate policy and implementation.
🔆 World Circular Economy Forum (WCEF) 2026
✅ WCEF 2026 is being held in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
✅ The forum focuses on the circular economy—an approach that aims to reduce waste and keep materials and products in use for longer through reuse, repair, remanufacturing and recycling.
✅ Exam focus: Forum name, venue and the concept of a circular economy.
📍 INDEX
🔆 Global Gender Gap Index 2026
✅ India ranked 131st out of 145 countries in the Global Gender Gap Index 2026.
✅ The index assesses gender-based gaps across key dimensions, including economic participation, education, health and political empowerment.
✅ Prelims focus: Publishing organisation, index dimensions and India’s reported rank.
#CurrentAffairs
📍 HISTORY, ART & CULTURE
🔆 Hyderabad Liberation Day
✅ Hyderabad Liberation Day marks the integration of the princely State of Hyderabad into the Indian Union in 1948.
✅ The integration was achieved through Operation Polo, a military operation undertaken by India in September 1948.
✅ The event is associated with the end of the Nizam’s rule and Hyderabad’s incorporation into independent India.
📍 SPECIES
🔆 Rare Philomela Form of Common Wanderer Butterfly
✅ A rare Philomela form of the Common Wanderer butterfly was recorded at Poothurai, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu.
✅ The observation is significant for documenting butterfly diversity and the occurrence of a less commonly recorded form.
✅ Prelims focus: Common name, scientific classification, location of sighting and the distinction between a species and a form/variation.
📍 POLITY & GOVERNANCE
🔆 EPFO Wage Ceiling Increased
✅ The wage ceiling for EPFO coverage has been increased from ₹15,000 to ₹25,000 per month.
✅ The revised ceiling is effective from 17 September 2026.
✅ The wage ceiling determines the salary threshold used for mandatory coverage under the relevant EPF provisions.
✅ Exam focus: EPFO, social security, formalisation of employment and employee provident fund coverage.
🔆 69th Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference
✅ The 69th Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference is being held in Cape Town, South Africa.
✅ The conference brings together parliamentarians from Commonwealth jurisdictions to discuss parliamentary functioning and shared legislative concerns.
✅ Prelims focus: Conference number, host city and host country.
🔆 Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA)
✅ The Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA) is marking its 25th anniversary as an Institution of National Importance.
✅ ICWA is associated with the study and discussion of international relations and foreign-policy issues.
✅ Exam focus: Institution, mandate and its role in promoting research and dialogue on international affairs.
📍 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
🔆 Sohar Port – Oman
✅ Sohar Port is located in Oman, on the Gulf of Oman.
✅ It is an important maritime and industrial hub in the region.
✅ Prelims focus: Port–country mapping and its location in the wider Indian Ocean region.
🔆 Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) – Tempest
✅ India is a dialogue partner in the Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP), associated with the Tempest next-generation combat-aircraft project.
✅ The programme concerns the development of advanced combat-air capabilities and related technologies.
✅ Prelims focus: Programme name, Tempest association and India’s status as a dialogue partner.
📍 ENVIRONMENT
🔆 National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
✅ The NAPCC is India’s framework for addressing climate change through national-level missions.
✅ It comprises eight national missions, covering areas related to climate mitigation, adaptation, energy efficiency and sustainable development.
✅ Prelims focus: Full form of NAPCC and the number of missions.
🔆 India Net Zero Portal & NAPCC Dashboard
✅ India has launched the India Net Zero Portal and the NAPCC Dashboard.
✅ These platforms are associated with climate-action information, tracking and monitoring of initiatives.
✅ Exam focus: Digital governance tools supporting climate policy and implementation.
🔆 World Circular Economy Forum (WCEF) 2026
✅ WCEF 2026 is being held in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
✅ The forum focuses on the circular economy—an approach that aims to reduce waste and keep materials and products in use for longer through reuse, repair, remanufacturing and recycling.
✅ Exam focus: Forum name, venue and the concept of a circular economy.
📍 INDEX
🔆 Global Gender Gap Index 2026
✅ India ranked 131st out of 145 countries in the Global Gender Gap Index 2026.
✅ The index assesses gender-based gaps across key dimensions, including economic participation, education, health and political empowerment.
✅ Prelims focus: Publishing organisation, index dimensions and India’s reported rank.
#CurrentAffairs
❤3