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🔆 Dhamma and its Relevance in the Contemporary World

📍 The Concept of Dhamma: Buddhist & Ashokan Perspectives
• 🟢 In Buddhism, Dhamma encompasses the teachings of the Buddha (originally compiled in the Pali canon or Tipitaka) aimed at overcoming suffering (dukkha). It serves as one of the Three Refuges and guides followers toward enlightenment through the Noble Eightfold Path and meditation.
• 🟢 Under Emperor Ashoka (268–232 BCE), Dhamma (the Prakrit form of the Sanskrit word Dharma) was propagated through his edicts not as a religious faith, but as a generalized norm of social behavior based on ethical foundations like Samyam (mastery of senses), Satya (truthfulness), Daya (kindness), and Bhav-suddhi (purity of thoughts).

📍 Relevance in Today's World
• 🟢 Global Peace & Diplomacy: The rising tide of extreme global violence and hostile bilateral relations can be mitigated by adopting Ahimsa (non-violence in deed, word, and thought) and Dhamma Vijay, which emphasizes cultural engagements and people-to-people interactions over conflict.
• 🟢 Good Governance & Probity: The ideal of Paternal Kingship offers a framework to fight corruption, nepotism, and the misappropriation of public resources, while Satya ensures the much-needed transparency and accountability in public life.
• 🟢 Social Harmony & Ecology: Principles of Sarva dharma sambhav can productively resolve inter-religious conflicts, and applying Daya and Karuna acts as a moral countermeasure against modern cruelty towards animals and ecological degradation.
• 🟢 Character & Family Institution: Individual moral character can be strengthened through Sanyam and Bhavashuddhi, while the values of Kritjnata (gratitude) and Apichiti (reverence) remain crucial for supporting family structures and ensuring elder care.

📍 Mains Practice Question
• 🟢 "The socio-ethical tenets of Ashoka's Dhamma transcend their ancient historical context to offer enduring solutions for contemporary global and domestic challenges." Analyze this statement, highlighting the relevance of Dhamma in modern governance, international relations, and social harmony.

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🔆 ONE-LINERS | 23 SEPTEMBER 2026

📚 UPSC Current Affairs | AnmolVachan1

🔆 HISTORY, ART & CULTURE

📍 Chandni Chowk’s Town Hall
🟢 160-year-old Victorian-era landmark in Chandni Chowk, Delhi.
🟢 Built during 1860–1863 as the Lawrence Institute, housing a library, museum and reading room.
🟢 Purchased by the Delhi municipality in 1866 and served as the MCD headquarters until 2010.
🟢 A two-storey Grade-I heritage building featuring yellow-painted brick, stone and carved white-stone trim.
🟢 To be developed as a ‘Global Heritage Centre’.

📍 ANGH Wins TIFF Platform Prize 2026
🟢 ANGH, directed by Naga filmmaker Theja Rio, won the Platform Prize 2026 at the Toronto International Film Festival.
🟢 Selected among 12 films in TIFF’s competitive Platform Programme.
🟢 The film represents Naga culture, tribal language and stories of Northeast India.
🟢 From 2026, the TIFF Platform Prize provides a pathway to eligibility for consideration for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film for a non-English-language film.
🟢 Marks a significant achievement for Naga and Indian regional cinema.

🔆 ENVIRONMENT

📍 World Rhino Day 2026
🟢 Observed on 22 September 2026.
🟢 Theme: “Keep the Five Alive”.
🟢 Focuses on protecting the five remaining rhinoceros species.
🟢 Global wild rhino population: fewer than 27,000.
🟢 White Rhino: ~15,752 | Black Rhino: ~6,788.
🟢 Greater One-Horned Rhino: ~4,075 | Javan Rhino: ~50 | Sumatran Rhino: ~34–47.
🟢 Major threats: poaching, habitat loss, fragmentation and human–wildlife conflict.
🟢 India, particularly Assam, remains a major stronghold for the Greater One-Horned Rhino.

📍 India International Water Week (IIWW) 2026
🟢 9th edition being held from 22–26 September 2026 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
🟢 Organised by the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
🟢 Theme: “Climate-Resilient Water Management.”
🟢 Participation from around 150 countries; Germany and the Netherlands are partner countries.
🟢 Focus: water security, climate resilience, digital water management, equitable distribution and risk management.
🟢 Includes the 2nd International WASH Conference, ministerial plenaries, youth/start-up forums and technology exhibitions.

🔆 SECURITY

📍 KAL – Indigenous Long-Range OWA Drone
🟢 KAL is an indigenous long-range One-Way Attack (OWA) drone developed by Noida-based IG Defence.
🟢 Successfully flight-tested at Pokhran Field Firing Range, Rajasthan.
🟢 Maximum stated strike range: up to 1,000 km.
🟢 Endurance: 7–8 hours.
🟢 Payload capacity: up to 50 kg.
🟢 Operating altitude: up to 5,000 metres.
🟢 Uses Multi-band GNSS + Inertial Navigation System (INS) for autonomous navigation.
🟢 Launched through a vehicle-mounted launch platform.

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 ONGC’s Natural Gas Discovery – Mahanadi Basin
🟢 ONGC discovered natural gas in a deepwater exploratory well in the Mahanadi offshore basin, around 43 km off Odisha’s Konark coast.
🟢 Drilled under the government’s Samudra Manthan initiative.
🟢 Proximity to the Odisha coast may support early monetisation, subject to appraisal and commercial evaluation.
🟢 Potential for development through shared facilities with nearby discoveries.
🟢 Enabled by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Rules, 2025.
🟢 Supports India’s domestic hydrocarbon production and energy security.

🔆 HEALTH

📍 International Snakebite Awareness Day
🟢 Observed on 19 September 2026 to highlight snakebite envenoming as a major global public-health challenge.
🟢 WHO estimates around 5.4 million snakebites annually.
🟢 Approximately 2 million envenomings and 100,000+ deaths occur every year.
🟢 Rural communities, agricultural workers and children are particularly affected.
🟢 Survivors may suffer amputations, tissue damage, neurological complications and psychological trauma.
🟢 Snakebite envenoming is recognised as a neglected tropical disease.

📍 Sowa Rigpa
🟢 Literally refers to the “science/knowledge of healing” and is traditionally known as Tibetan Medicine / Amchi system.
🟢 One of the world’s oldest surviving traditional medical systems, with a history spanning 2,000+ years.
🟢 Practitioners are traditionally called Amchis.
🟢 Based primarily on the Gyud-Zi (Four Tantras).
🟢 Integrates elements of Ayurveda, Chinese medicine and Buddhist philosophy.
🟢 Diagnosis includes pulse and urine analysis, while treatment involves lifestyle, diet, herbal-mineral medicines and external therapies.
🟢 A meeting was held to advance the development of Sowa-Rigpa Pharmacopoeias.

🔆 MISCELLANEOUS

📍 WorldSkills Competition 2026
🟢 India is sending 70 competitors to the 48th WorldSkills Competition in Shanghai, China, from 22–27 September 2026.
🟢 Indian team competing in 63 of 64 skill categories.
🟢 India is debuting in 11 skill categories, including Dental Prosthetics, Digital Interactive Media Design, UAV Systems, Software Testing and Aircraft Maintenance.
🟢 Contingent represents 16 States.
🟢 MSDE and NSDC are leading India’s participation and preparations.
🟢 Send-off ceremony held in New Delhi on 15 September 2026.

📍 11th Ayurveda Day
🟢 Observed on 23 September 2026.
🟢 Theme:“Ayurveda for a Healthier Tomorrow.”
🟢 National venue: Nagpur, Maharashtra.
🟢 Organised by the Ministry of Ayush.
🟢 Focus: evidence-based practices, innovation, preventive healthcare and holistic health.
🟢 Nationwide wellness camps, public outreach programmes and educational seminars organised.
🟢 Promotes integration of traditional knowledge.

#CurrentAffairs

16 to 22 September editorial summary

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23th September UPSC current affairs

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Anmol vachan Short Notes THAT SAVE YOUR TIME!

UPSC Mains shorts notes

✅ Modern history - 99 (199) 46 pages CLICK HERE

✅Ethics - 99rs 199 -41 pages CLICK HERE

✅Society 99rs 199 - 40 pages CLICK HERE

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✅World history -99rs 199- 29 pagesCLICK HERE

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🔆 LUCKNOW: CULTURAL CAPITAL OF AWADH

📍 Rise of Lucknow
🟢 Asaf-ud-Daula shifted the capital of Awadh from Faizabad to Lucknow.
🟢 Lucknow subsequently emerged as an important centre of art, architecture, literature, education, music and culture.

📍 Architecture – Bara Imambara
🟢 Built by Asaf-ud-Daula in 1784 for Muharram commemorations.
🟢 Construction began in 1780 as a famine-relief project, providing wages to workers.
🟢 Architect: Kifayatullah, selected through a competition.
🟢 The complex includes the famous Bhool Bhulaiya, a maze with similar-looking doors.
🟢 Imambara = congregation hall, particularly associated with Muharram mourning ceremonies.

📍 European Influence & Cosmopolitanism
🟢 Asaf-ud-Daula employed several Europeans, encouraging European influence in Lucknow’s art and architecture.
🟢 Antoine Polier: Swiss architect who lived in Lucknow for around 15 years; built Polierganj and collected manuscripts and paintings.
🟢 Claude Martin: French officer and prominent collector of art objects and miniature paintings.
🟢 Associated with founding La Martinière schools in Lucknow, Calcutta and Lyon.

📍 Urdu Literature
🟢 Lucknow emerged as a major centre of Urdu poetry, particularly as Mughal patronage declined in Delhi.
🟢 A distinct Lucknow style of Urdu poetry developed, enriched by migrant poets.
🟢 Mushairas became an important feature of Lucknow’s literary culture.

📍 Famous Poets
🟢 Sauda: Court poet of Shuja-ud-Daula at Faizabad; known for Qasida and Hajo; title — Malik-us-Shaura.
🟢 Mir Taqi Mir: Migrated from Delhi to Lucknow during Asaf-ud-Daula’s reign; popularly known as Khuda-e-Sukhan.
🟢 Mir Ghulam Hasan: Prominent Urdu poet associated with the Lucknow literary tradition.

📍 Painting
🟢 European painters such as Johan Zoffany and Ozias Humphry spent years in Lucknow and produced paintings commissioned by the Nawabs.

📍 Education & Theology
🟢 Firangi Mahal: Mulla Nizamuddin established a madrasa that became a renowned centre of learning.
🟢 Subjects included religion, grammar, literature, logic, philosophy and metaphysics; it taught Sunni theology.
🟢 Madarsa-i-Sultania: Established by Amjad Ali as a centre for Shia theology; students received monetary scholarships.
🟢 Lucknow became an important centre of Shia religious philosophy.

📍 Music
🟢 Wajid Ali Shah was himself trained in music and played an important role in promoting North Indian classical music and Thumri.
🟢 He encouraged relatively easier raginis and composed several musical works, including the Thumri “Kadar Piya.”

📍 Calligraphy
🟢 Nastaliq was the prominent calligraphic style in Awadh.
🟢 Affluent households decorated their homes with beautifully written quotations.
🟢 Calligraphers who had migrated from Persia/Lahore traditions contributed to the development of Lucknow’s calligraphic culture.

🔆 UPSC QUICK RECALL

🟢 Asaf-ud-Daula → Capital shifted to Lucknow
🟢 Bara Imambara → Kifayatullah → 1784
🟢 Firangi Mahal → Mulla Nizamuddin → Sunni learning
🟢 Madarsa-i-Sultania → Shia theology
🟢 Lucknow → Urdu poetry & Mushairas
🟢 Wajid Ali Shah → Thumri & music
🟢 Nastaliq → Calligraphy in Awadh

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22nd September pib summary
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21 September editorial summary

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