🔆 ONE-LINERS | 23 SEPTEMBER 2026
📚 UPSC Current Affairs | AnmolVachan1
🔆 HISTORY, ART & CULTURE
📍 Chandni Chowk’s Town Hall
🟢 160-year-old Victorian-era landmark in Chandni Chowk, Delhi.
🟢 Built during 1860–1863 as the Lawrence Institute, housing a library, museum and reading room.
🟢 Purchased by the Delhi municipality in 1866 and served as the MCD headquarters until 2010.
🟢 A two-storey Grade-I heritage building featuring yellow-painted brick, stone and carved white-stone trim.
🟢 To be developed as a ‘Global Heritage Centre’.
📍 ANGH Wins TIFF Platform Prize 2026
🟢 ANGH, directed by Naga filmmaker Theja Rio, won the Platform Prize 2026 at the Toronto International Film Festival.
🟢 Selected among 12 films in TIFF’s competitive Platform Programme.
🟢 The film represents Naga culture, tribal language and stories of Northeast India.
🟢 From 2026, the TIFF Platform Prize provides a pathway to eligibility for consideration for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film for a non-English-language film.
🟢 Marks a significant achievement for Naga and Indian regional cinema.
🔆 ENVIRONMENT
📍 World Rhino Day 2026
🟢 Observed on 22 September 2026.
🟢 Theme: “Keep the Five Alive”.
🟢 Focuses on protecting the five remaining rhinoceros species.
🟢 Global wild rhino population: fewer than 27,000.
🟢 White Rhino: ~15,752 | Black Rhino: ~6,788.
🟢 Greater One-Horned Rhino: ~4,075 | Javan Rhino: ~50 | Sumatran Rhino: ~34–47.
🟢 Major threats: poaching, habitat loss, fragmentation and human–wildlife conflict.
🟢 India, particularly Assam, remains a major stronghold for the Greater One-Horned Rhino.
📍 India International Water Week (IIWW) 2026
🟢 9th edition being held from 22–26 September 2026 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
🟢 Organised by the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
🟢 Theme: “Climate-Resilient Water Management.”
🟢 Participation from around 150 countries; Germany and the Netherlands are partner countries.
🟢 Focus: water security, climate resilience, digital water management, equitable distribution and risk management.
🟢 Includes the 2nd International WASH Conference, ministerial plenaries, youth/start-up forums and technology exhibitions.
🔆 SECURITY
📍 KAL – Indigenous Long-Range OWA Drone
🟢 KAL is an indigenous long-range One-Way Attack (OWA) drone developed by Noida-based IG Defence.
🟢 Successfully flight-tested at Pokhran Field Firing Range, Rajasthan.
🟢 Maximum stated strike range: up to 1,000 km.
🟢 Endurance: 7–8 hours.
🟢 Payload capacity: up to 50 kg.
🟢 Operating altitude: up to 5,000 metres.
🟢 Uses Multi-band GNSS + Inertial Navigation System (INS) for autonomous navigation.
🟢 Launched through a vehicle-mounted launch platform.
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 ONGC’s Natural Gas Discovery – Mahanadi Basin
🟢 ONGC discovered natural gas in a deepwater exploratory well in the Mahanadi offshore basin, around 43 km off Odisha’s Konark coast.
🟢 Drilled under the government’s Samudra Manthan initiative.
🟢 Proximity to the Odisha coast may support early monetisation, subject to appraisal and commercial evaluation.
🟢 Potential for development through shared facilities with nearby discoveries.
🟢 Enabled by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Rules, 2025.
🟢 Supports India’s domestic hydrocarbon production and energy security.
🔆 HEALTH
📍 International Snakebite Awareness Day
🟢 Observed on 19 September 2026 to highlight snakebite envenoming as a major global public-health challenge.
🟢 WHO estimates around 5.4 million snakebites annually.
🟢 Approximately 2 million envenomings and 100,000+ deaths occur every year.
🟢 Rural communities, agricultural workers and children are particularly affected.
🟢 Survivors may suffer amputations, tissue damage, neurological complications and psychological trauma.
🟢 Snakebite envenoming is recognised as a neglected tropical disease.
📍 Sowa Rigpa
🟢 Literally refers to the “science/knowledge of healing” and is traditionally known as Tibetan Medicine / Amchi system.
🟢 One of the world’s oldest surviving traditional medical systems, with a history spanning 2,000+ years.
🟢 Practitioners are traditionally called Amchis.
🟢 Based primarily on the Gyud-Zi (Four Tantras).
🟢 Integrates elements of Ayurveda, Chinese medicine and Buddhist philosophy.
🟢 Diagnosis includes pulse and urine analysis, while treatment involves lifestyle, diet, herbal-mineral medicines and external therapies.
🟢 A meeting was held to advance the development of Sowa-Rigpa Pharmacopoeias.
🔆 MISCELLANEOUS
📍 WorldSkills Competition 2026
🟢 India is sending 70 competitors to the 48th WorldSkills Competition in Shanghai, China, from 22–27 September 2026.
🟢 Indian team competing in 63 of 64 skill categories.
🟢 India is debuting in 11 skill categories, including Dental Prosthetics, Digital Interactive Media Design, UAV Systems, Software Testing and Aircraft Maintenance.
🟢 Contingent represents 16 States.
🟢 MSDE and NSDC are leading India’s participation and preparations.
🟢 Send-off ceremony held in New Delhi on 15 September 2026.
📍 11th Ayurveda Day
🟢 Observed on 23 September 2026.
🟢 Theme:“Ayurveda for a Healthier Tomorrow.”
🟢 National venue: Nagpur, Maharashtra.
🟢 Organised by the Ministry of Ayush.
🟢 Focus: evidence-based practices, innovation, preventive healthcare and holistic health.
🟢 Nationwide wellness camps, public outreach programmes and educational seminars organised.
🟢 Promotes integration of traditional knowledge.
#CurrentAffairs
📚 UPSC Current Affairs | AnmolVachan1
🔆 HISTORY, ART & CULTURE
📍 Chandni Chowk’s Town Hall
🟢 160-year-old Victorian-era landmark in Chandni Chowk, Delhi.
🟢 Built during 1860–1863 as the Lawrence Institute, housing a library, museum and reading room.
🟢 Purchased by the Delhi municipality in 1866 and served as the MCD headquarters until 2010.
🟢 A two-storey Grade-I heritage building featuring yellow-painted brick, stone and carved white-stone trim.
🟢 To be developed as a ‘Global Heritage Centre’.
📍 ANGH Wins TIFF Platform Prize 2026
🟢 ANGH, directed by Naga filmmaker Theja Rio, won the Platform Prize 2026 at the Toronto International Film Festival.
🟢 Selected among 12 films in TIFF’s competitive Platform Programme.
🟢 The film represents Naga culture, tribal language and stories of Northeast India.
🟢 From 2026, the TIFF Platform Prize provides a pathway to eligibility for consideration for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film for a non-English-language film.
🟢 Marks a significant achievement for Naga and Indian regional cinema.
🔆 ENVIRONMENT
📍 World Rhino Day 2026
🟢 Observed on 22 September 2026.
🟢 Theme: “Keep the Five Alive”.
🟢 Focuses on protecting the five remaining rhinoceros species.
🟢 Global wild rhino population: fewer than 27,000.
🟢 White Rhino: ~15,752 | Black Rhino: ~6,788.
🟢 Greater One-Horned Rhino: ~4,075 | Javan Rhino: ~50 | Sumatran Rhino: ~34–47.
🟢 Major threats: poaching, habitat loss, fragmentation and human–wildlife conflict.
🟢 India, particularly Assam, remains a major stronghold for the Greater One-Horned Rhino.
📍 India International Water Week (IIWW) 2026
🟢 9th edition being held from 22–26 September 2026 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
🟢 Organised by the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
🟢 Theme: “Climate-Resilient Water Management.”
🟢 Participation from around 150 countries; Germany and the Netherlands are partner countries.
🟢 Focus: water security, climate resilience, digital water management, equitable distribution and risk management.
🟢 Includes the 2nd International WASH Conference, ministerial plenaries, youth/start-up forums and technology exhibitions.
🔆 SECURITY
📍 KAL – Indigenous Long-Range OWA Drone
🟢 KAL is an indigenous long-range One-Way Attack (OWA) drone developed by Noida-based IG Defence.
🟢 Successfully flight-tested at Pokhran Field Firing Range, Rajasthan.
🟢 Maximum stated strike range: up to 1,000 km.
🟢 Endurance: 7–8 hours.
🟢 Payload capacity: up to 50 kg.
🟢 Operating altitude: up to 5,000 metres.
🟢 Uses Multi-band GNSS + Inertial Navigation System (INS) for autonomous navigation.
🟢 Launched through a vehicle-mounted launch platform.
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 ONGC’s Natural Gas Discovery – Mahanadi Basin
🟢 ONGC discovered natural gas in a deepwater exploratory well in the Mahanadi offshore basin, around 43 km off Odisha’s Konark coast.
🟢 Drilled under the government’s Samudra Manthan initiative.
🟢 Proximity to the Odisha coast may support early monetisation, subject to appraisal and commercial evaluation.
🟢 Potential for development through shared facilities with nearby discoveries.
🟢 Enabled by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Rules, 2025.
🟢 Supports India’s domestic hydrocarbon production and energy security.
🔆 HEALTH
📍 International Snakebite Awareness Day
🟢 Observed on 19 September 2026 to highlight snakebite envenoming as a major global public-health challenge.
🟢 WHO estimates around 5.4 million snakebites annually.
🟢 Approximately 2 million envenomings and 100,000+ deaths occur every year.
🟢 Rural communities, agricultural workers and children are particularly affected.
🟢 Survivors may suffer amputations, tissue damage, neurological complications and psychological trauma.
🟢 Snakebite envenoming is recognised as a neglected tropical disease.
📍 Sowa Rigpa
🟢 Literally refers to the “science/knowledge of healing” and is traditionally known as Tibetan Medicine / Amchi system.
🟢 One of the world’s oldest surviving traditional medical systems, with a history spanning 2,000+ years.
🟢 Practitioners are traditionally called Amchis.
🟢 Based primarily on the Gyud-Zi (Four Tantras).
🟢 Integrates elements of Ayurveda, Chinese medicine and Buddhist philosophy.
🟢 Diagnosis includes pulse and urine analysis, while treatment involves lifestyle, diet, herbal-mineral medicines and external therapies.
🟢 A meeting was held to advance the development of Sowa-Rigpa Pharmacopoeias.
🔆 MISCELLANEOUS
📍 WorldSkills Competition 2026
🟢 India is sending 70 competitors to the 48th WorldSkills Competition in Shanghai, China, from 22–27 September 2026.
🟢 Indian team competing in 63 of 64 skill categories.
🟢 India is debuting in 11 skill categories, including Dental Prosthetics, Digital Interactive Media Design, UAV Systems, Software Testing and Aircraft Maintenance.
🟢 Contingent represents 16 States.
🟢 MSDE and NSDC are leading India’s participation and preparations.
🟢 Send-off ceremony held in New Delhi on 15 September 2026.
📍 11th Ayurveda Day
🟢 Observed on 23 September 2026.
🟢 Theme:“Ayurveda for a Healthier Tomorrow.”
🟢 National venue: Nagpur, Maharashtra.
🟢 Organised by the Ministry of Ayush.
🟢 Focus: evidence-based practices, innovation, preventive healthcare and holistic health.
🟢 Nationwide wellness camps, public outreach programmes and educational seminars organised.
🟢 Promotes integration of traditional knowledge.
#CurrentAffairs
❤4
16 to 22 September editorial summary
https://www.instagram.com/p/DdqEKEjEtbX/?stkn=MWY3dDR0cGJteWk4cA==
https://www.instagram.com/p/DdqEKEjEtbX/?stkn=MWY3dDR0cGJteWk4cA==
Anmol vachan Short Notes THAT SAVE YOUR TIME!
UPSC Mains shorts notes
✅ Modern history - 99(199) 46 pages CLICK HERE
✅Ethics - 99rs199 -41 pages CLICK HERE
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✅World history -99rs199- 29 pagesCLICK HERE
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✅Ethics - 99rs
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3 - 270rs
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✅ Ancient history - 31 pages 79rs (
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🔆 LUCKNOW: CULTURAL CAPITAL OF AWADH
📍 Rise of Lucknow
🟢 Asaf-ud-Daula shifted the capital of Awadh from Faizabad to Lucknow.
🟢 Lucknow subsequently emerged as an important centre of art, architecture, literature, education, music and culture.
📍 Architecture – Bara Imambara
🟢 Built by Asaf-ud-Daula in 1784 for Muharram commemorations.
🟢 Construction began in 1780 as a famine-relief project, providing wages to workers.
🟢 Architect: Kifayatullah, selected through a competition.
🟢 The complex includes the famous Bhool Bhulaiya, a maze with similar-looking doors.
🟢 Imambara = congregation hall, particularly associated with Muharram mourning ceremonies.
📍 European Influence & Cosmopolitanism
🟢 Asaf-ud-Daula employed several Europeans, encouraging European influence in Lucknow’s art and architecture.
🟢 Antoine Polier: Swiss architect who lived in Lucknow for around 15 years; built Polierganj and collected manuscripts and paintings.
🟢 Claude Martin: French officer and prominent collector of art objects and miniature paintings.
🟢 Associated with founding La Martinière schools in Lucknow, Calcutta and Lyon.
📍 Urdu Literature
🟢 Lucknow emerged as a major centre of Urdu poetry, particularly as Mughal patronage declined in Delhi.
🟢 A distinct Lucknow style of Urdu poetry developed, enriched by migrant poets.
🟢 Mushairas became an important feature of Lucknow’s literary culture.
📍 Famous Poets
🟢 Sauda: Court poet of Shuja-ud-Daula at Faizabad; known for Qasida and Hajo; title — Malik-us-Shaura.
🟢 Mir Taqi Mir: Migrated from Delhi to Lucknow during Asaf-ud-Daula’s reign; popularly known as Khuda-e-Sukhan.
🟢 Mir Ghulam Hasan: Prominent Urdu poet associated with the Lucknow literary tradition.
📍 Painting
🟢 European painters such as Johan Zoffany and Ozias Humphry spent years in Lucknow and produced paintings commissioned by the Nawabs.
📍 Education & Theology
🟢 Firangi Mahal: Mulla Nizamuddin established a madrasa that became a renowned centre of learning.
🟢 Subjects included religion, grammar, literature, logic, philosophy and metaphysics; it taught Sunni theology.
🟢 Madarsa-i-Sultania: Established by Amjad Ali as a centre for Shia theology; students received monetary scholarships.
🟢 Lucknow became an important centre of Shia religious philosophy.
📍 Music
🟢 Wajid Ali Shah was himself trained in music and played an important role in promoting North Indian classical music and Thumri.
🟢 He encouraged relatively easier raginis and composed several musical works, including the Thumri “Kadar Piya.”
📍 Calligraphy
🟢 Nastaliq was the prominent calligraphic style in Awadh.
🟢 Affluent households decorated their homes with beautifully written quotations.
🟢 Calligraphers who had migrated from Persia/Lahore traditions contributed to the development of Lucknow’s calligraphic culture.
🔆 UPSC QUICK RECALL
🟢 Asaf-ud-Daula → Capital shifted to Lucknow
🟢 Bara Imambara → Kifayatullah → 1784
🟢 Firangi Mahal → Mulla Nizamuddin → Sunni learning
🟢 Madarsa-i-Sultania → Shia theology
🟢 Lucknow → Urdu poetry & Mushairas
🟢 Wajid Ali Shah → Thumri & music
🟢 Nastaliq → Calligraphy in Awadh
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
📍 Rise of Lucknow
🟢 Asaf-ud-Daula shifted the capital of Awadh from Faizabad to Lucknow.
🟢 Lucknow subsequently emerged as an important centre of art, architecture, literature, education, music and culture.
📍 Architecture – Bara Imambara
🟢 Built by Asaf-ud-Daula in 1784 for Muharram commemorations.
🟢 Construction began in 1780 as a famine-relief project, providing wages to workers.
🟢 Architect: Kifayatullah, selected through a competition.
🟢 The complex includes the famous Bhool Bhulaiya, a maze with similar-looking doors.
🟢 Imambara = congregation hall, particularly associated with Muharram mourning ceremonies.
📍 European Influence & Cosmopolitanism
🟢 Asaf-ud-Daula employed several Europeans, encouraging European influence in Lucknow’s art and architecture.
🟢 Antoine Polier: Swiss architect who lived in Lucknow for around 15 years; built Polierganj and collected manuscripts and paintings.
🟢 Claude Martin: French officer and prominent collector of art objects and miniature paintings.
🟢 Associated with founding La Martinière schools in Lucknow, Calcutta and Lyon.
📍 Urdu Literature
🟢 Lucknow emerged as a major centre of Urdu poetry, particularly as Mughal patronage declined in Delhi.
🟢 A distinct Lucknow style of Urdu poetry developed, enriched by migrant poets.
🟢 Mushairas became an important feature of Lucknow’s literary culture.
📍 Famous Poets
🟢 Sauda: Court poet of Shuja-ud-Daula at Faizabad; known for Qasida and Hajo; title — Malik-us-Shaura.
🟢 Mir Taqi Mir: Migrated from Delhi to Lucknow during Asaf-ud-Daula’s reign; popularly known as Khuda-e-Sukhan.
🟢 Mir Ghulam Hasan: Prominent Urdu poet associated with the Lucknow literary tradition.
📍 Painting
🟢 European painters such as Johan Zoffany and Ozias Humphry spent years in Lucknow and produced paintings commissioned by the Nawabs.
📍 Education & Theology
🟢 Firangi Mahal: Mulla Nizamuddin established a madrasa that became a renowned centre of learning.
🟢 Subjects included religion, grammar, literature, logic, philosophy and metaphysics; it taught Sunni theology.
🟢 Madarsa-i-Sultania: Established by Amjad Ali as a centre for Shia theology; students received monetary scholarships.
🟢 Lucknow became an important centre of Shia religious philosophy.
📍 Music
🟢 Wajid Ali Shah was himself trained in music and played an important role in promoting North Indian classical music and Thumri.
🟢 He encouraged relatively easier raginis and composed several musical works, including the Thumri “Kadar Piya.”
📍 Calligraphy
🟢 Nastaliq was the prominent calligraphic style in Awadh.
🟢 Affluent households decorated their homes with beautifully written quotations.
🟢 Calligraphers who had migrated from Persia/Lahore traditions contributed to the development of Lucknow’s calligraphic culture.
🔆 UPSC QUICK RECALL
🟢 Asaf-ud-Daula → Capital shifted to Lucknow
🟢 Bara Imambara → Kifayatullah → 1784
🟢 Firangi Mahal → Mulla Nizamuddin → Sunni learning
🟢 Madarsa-i-Sultania → Shia theology
🟢 Lucknow → Urdu poetry & Mushairas
🟢 Wajid Ali Shah → Thumri & music
🟢 Nastaliq → Calligraphy in Awadh
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
❤5
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https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳240 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳329 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳86 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳72 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳66 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳59 days left Ifos mains 22 November
⏳52 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳34 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳30 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤3
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For last 10 years, we are dealing “only” with UPSC “Prelims” exam.
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🔆 DROUGHT DECLARATION IN INDIA | MAHARASHTRA
📍 In News
🟢 Calls for declaring drought in Maharashtra are rising as rainfall deficit and water scarcity affect agriculture and crop prospects.
📍 Governing Framework
🟢 Disaster Management Act, 2005 → Legal framework for disaster management.
🟢 Manual for Drought Management, 2009 → Provides indicators and procedures for drought monitoring, declaration and proposals for Central assistance.
🟢 Guidelines for Management of Drought, 2010 → Guidance for drought management and early identification using different indicators.
🟢 The Manual and Guidelines are non-binding.
📍 Types of Drought
1️⃣ Meteorological Drought
🟢 Occurs when precipitation remains below normal for an extended period.
🟢 In India: seasonal rainfall <75% of long-term average.
🟢 26–50% deficit → Moderate drought.
🟢 >50% deficit → Severe drought.
2️⃣ Agricultural Drought
🟢 Occurs when rainfall and soil moisture are inadequate during the crop-growing season.
🟢 Leads to crop stress and wilting.
🟢 Linked to 4 consecutive weeks of severe meteorological drought during Kharif, or 6 weeks during the rest of the year.
3️⃣ Hydrological Drought
🟢 Deficiency in surface and groundwater supplies.
🟢 Can occur even with average or above-average rainfall when increased water use reduces available reserves.
📍 Who Declares Drought?
🟢 India has no single legally accepted definition of drought.
🟢 The State Government is the final authority to declare drought in the State or affected areas.
🟢 A drought need not cover an entire State or district.
📍 Drought Declaration Criteria
The 2009 Manual identifies four standard monitoring tools:
🟢 Rainfall deficiency
🟢 Area under sowing
🟢 NDVI – Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
🟢 MAI – Moisture Adequacy Index
🟢 These indicators can be used in combination, with at least 3 adverse indicators/index values supporting drought declaration.
🟢 State assessment should conform to parameters specified under NDRF norms.
📍 After Drought Declaration
🟢 Relief measures begin after notification for affected areas.
🟢 Initial relief is provided through the Calamity Relief Fund (CRF)/State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF).
🟢 If State resources are inadequate, the State can seek assistance from the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF).
🟢 A Central team assesses the affected areas before Central assistance is released.
📍 Supreme Court – 2016
🟢 On 11 May 2016, the Supreme Court held that drought falls within the definition of “disaster” under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
🟢 Drought can be declared in a specific affected area such as a village, taluka, tehsil or block, rather than necessarily covering an entire State or district.
📍 UPSC Mains Question
🟢 India’s drought management framework seeks to move from rainfall-based assessment towards a multi-indicator approach. Discuss the criteria for drought declaration and the institutional mechanism for providing relief.
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
📍 In News
🟢 Calls for declaring drought in Maharashtra are rising as rainfall deficit and water scarcity affect agriculture and crop prospects.
📍 Governing Framework
🟢 Disaster Management Act, 2005 → Legal framework for disaster management.
🟢 Manual for Drought Management, 2009 → Provides indicators and procedures for drought monitoring, declaration and proposals for Central assistance.
🟢 Guidelines for Management of Drought, 2010 → Guidance for drought management and early identification using different indicators.
🟢 The Manual and Guidelines are non-binding.
📍 Types of Drought
1️⃣ Meteorological Drought
🟢 Occurs when precipitation remains below normal for an extended period.
🟢 In India: seasonal rainfall <75% of long-term average.
🟢 26–50% deficit → Moderate drought.
🟢 >50% deficit → Severe drought.
2️⃣ Agricultural Drought
🟢 Occurs when rainfall and soil moisture are inadequate during the crop-growing season.
🟢 Leads to crop stress and wilting.
🟢 Linked to 4 consecutive weeks of severe meteorological drought during Kharif, or 6 weeks during the rest of the year.
3️⃣ Hydrological Drought
🟢 Deficiency in surface and groundwater supplies.
🟢 Can occur even with average or above-average rainfall when increased water use reduces available reserves.
📍 Who Declares Drought?
🟢 India has no single legally accepted definition of drought.
🟢 The State Government is the final authority to declare drought in the State or affected areas.
🟢 A drought need not cover an entire State or district.
📍 Drought Declaration Criteria
The 2009 Manual identifies four standard monitoring tools:
🟢 Rainfall deficiency
🟢 Area under sowing
🟢 NDVI – Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
🟢 MAI – Moisture Adequacy Index
🟢 These indicators can be used in combination, with at least 3 adverse indicators/index values supporting drought declaration.
🟢 State assessment should conform to parameters specified under NDRF norms.
📍 After Drought Declaration
🟢 Relief measures begin after notification for affected areas.
🟢 Initial relief is provided through the Calamity Relief Fund (CRF)/State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF).
🟢 If State resources are inadequate, the State can seek assistance from the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF).
🟢 A Central team assesses the affected areas before Central assistance is released.
📍 Supreme Court – 2016
🟢 On 11 May 2016, the Supreme Court held that drought falls within the definition of “disaster” under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
🟢 Drought can be declared in a specific affected area such as a village, taluka, tehsil or block, rather than necessarily covering an entire State or district.
📍 UPSC Mains Question
🟢 India’s drought management framework seeks to move from rainfall-based assessment towards a multi-indicator approach. Discuss the criteria for drought declaration and the institutional mechanism for providing relief.
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
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“Don’t wait until the last month to start solving MCQs.”
Build your Prelims accuracy, speed & revision habit from Day 1.
💰 PRE-ENROLMENT OFFER
Regular Fee: ₹599
🔥 PRE-ENROLMENT PRICE: ₹299 ONLY
🎉 50% OFF
⚠️ FIRST 100 ENROLMENTS ONLY
👉 Secure Your Spot Before the Price Jumps to ₹599
✅Enroll https://t.me/studytoday_bot
✅Daily Quiz summary with themes wise arranged CLICK HERE
✅Demo questions
https://t.me/uppsc_prelims_mcq/29284
📚 Practice Daily. Revise Regularly. Be Prelims Ready.
🎯 Guidance • Strategy • Selection
⚡ Fast-Track Your Prelims Preparation with Daily Targeted Practice!
🎯 WHAT YOU GET:
✅ 40 High-Yield MCQs Daily bot quiz at 8:15 PM ( Sunday off)
✅Build speed, accuracy & question-solving consistency.
✅ 2500+ MCQs
PYQs + Various State PSC Questions + Current Affairs + Static Concepts + UP GK
✅ 60-Day Strong Revision Plan
A structured plan for consistent Prelims preparation.
✅ Detailed Explanations
Understand the concept behind every question.
✅ Daily Doubt Discussion
Clear your doubts and strengthen your weak areas.
✅ Daily Quiz Summary
Quick revision of your performance, mistakes & important concepts.
💥 WHY JOIN?
“Don’t wait until the last month to start solving MCQs.”
Build your Prelims accuracy, speed & revision habit from Day 1.
💰 PRE-ENROLMENT OFFER
Regular Fee: ₹599
🔥 PRE-ENROLMENT PRICE: ₹299 ONLY
🎉 50% OFF
⚠️ FIRST 100 ENROLMENTS ONLY
👉 Secure Your Spot Before the Price Jumps to ₹599
✅Enroll https://t.me/studytoday_bot
✅Daily Quiz summary with themes wise arranged CLICK HERE
✅Demo questions
https://t.me/uppsc_prelims_mcq/29284
📚 Practice Daily. Revise Regularly. Be Prelims Ready.
🎯 Guidance • Strategy • Selection
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