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For last 10 years, we are dealing “only” with UPSC “Prelims” exam.
100 percent you will crack Prelims 2027. Just solve these hidden sources.
Rank 1, IFos: Basavaraj, Rank 7, AR rajah: They have qualified Prelims using this platform.
📝Solve the above question:
https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1685
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🔆 DROUGHT DECLARATION IN INDIA | MAHARASHTRA
📍 In News
🟢 Calls for declaring drought in Maharashtra are rising as rainfall deficit and water scarcity affect agriculture and crop prospects.
📍 Governing Framework
🟢 Disaster Management Act, 2005 → Legal framework for disaster management.
🟢 Manual for Drought Management, 2009 → Provides indicators and procedures for drought monitoring, declaration and proposals for Central assistance.
🟢 Guidelines for Management of Drought, 2010 → Guidance for drought management and early identification using different indicators.
🟢 The Manual and Guidelines are non-binding.
📍 Types of Drought
1️⃣ Meteorological Drought
🟢 Occurs when precipitation remains below normal for an extended period.
🟢 In India: seasonal rainfall <75% of long-term average.
🟢 26–50% deficit → Moderate drought.
🟢 >50% deficit → Severe drought.
2️⃣ Agricultural Drought
🟢 Occurs when rainfall and soil moisture are inadequate during the crop-growing season.
🟢 Leads to crop stress and wilting.
🟢 Linked to 4 consecutive weeks of severe meteorological drought during Kharif, or 6 weeks during the rest of the year.
3️⃣ Hydrological Drought
🟢 Deficiency in surface and groundwater supplies.
🟢 Can occur even with average or above-average rainfall when increased water use reduces available reserves.
📍 Who Declares Drought?
🟢 India has no single legally accepted definition of drought.
🟢 The State Government is the final authority to declare drought in the State or affected areas.
🟢 A drought need not cover an entire State or district.
📍 Drought Declaration Criteria
The 2009 Manual identifies four standard monitoring tools:
🟢 Rainfall deficiency
🟢 Area under sowing
🟢 NDVI – Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
🟢 MAI – Moisture Adequacy Index
🟢 These indicators can be used in combination, with at least 3 adverse indicators/index values supporting drought declaration.
🟢 State assessment should conform to parameters specified under NDRF norms.
📍 After Drought Declaration
🟢 Relief measures begin after notification for affected areas.
🟢 Initial relief is provided through the Calamity Relief Fund (CRF)/State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF).
🟢 If State resources are inadequate, the State can seek assistance from the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF).
🟢 A Central team assesses the affected areas before Central assistance is released.
📍 Supreme Court – 2016
🟢 On 11 May 2016, the Supreme Court held that drought falls within the definition of “disaster” under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
🟢 Drought can be declared in a specific affected area such as a village, taluka, tehsil or block, rather than necessarily covering an entire State or district.
📍 UPSC Mains Question
🟢 India’s drought management framework seeks to move from rainfall-based assessment towards a multi-indicator approach. Discuss the criteria for drought declaration and the institutional mechanism for providing relief.
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
📍 In News
🟢 Calls for declaring drought in Maharashtra are rising as rainfall deficit and water scarcity affect agriculture and crop prospects.
📍 Governing Framework
🟢 Disaster Management Act, 2005 → Legal framework for disaster management.
🟢 Manual for Drought Management, 2009 → Provides indicators and procedures for drought monitoring, declaration and proposals for Central assistance.
🟢 Guidelines for Management of Drought, 2010 → Guidance for drought management and early identification using different indicators.
🟢 The Manual and Guidelines are non-binding.
📍 Types of Drought
1️⃣ Meteorological Drought
🟢 Occurs when precipitation remains below normal for an extended period.
🟢 In India: seasonal rainfall <75% of long-term average.
🟢 26–50% deficit → Moderate drought.
🟢 >50% deficit → Severe drought.
2️⃣ Agricultural Drought
🟢 Occurs when rainfall and soil moisture are inadequate during the crop-growing season.
🟢 Leads to crop stress and wilting.
🟢 Linked to 4 consecutive weeks of severe meteorological drought during Kharif, or 6 weeks during the rest of the year.
3️⃣ Hydrological Drought
🟢 Deficiency in surface and groundwater supplies.
🟢 Can occur even with average or above-average rainfall when increased water use reduces available reserves.
📍 Who Declares Drought?
🟢 India has no single legally accepted definition of drought.
🟢 The State Government is the final authority to declare drought in the State or affected areas.
🟢 A drought need not cover an entire State or district.
📍 Drought Declaration Criteria
The 2009 Manual identifies four standard monitoring tools:
🟢 Rainfall deficiency
🟢 Area under sowing
🟢 NDVI – Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
🟢 MAI – Moisture Adequacy Index
🟢 These indicators can be used in combination, with at least 3 adverse indicators/index values supporting drought declaration.
🟢 State assessment should conform to parameters specified under NDRF norms.
📍 After Drought Declaration
🟢 Relief measures begin after notification for affected areas.
🟢 Initial relief is provided through the Calamity Relief Fund (CRF)/State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF).
🟢 If State resources are inadequate, the State can seek assistance from the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF).
🟢 A Central team assesses the affected areas before Central assistance is released.
📍 Supreme Court – 2016
🟢 On 11 May 2016, the Supreme Court held that drought falls within the definition of “disaster” under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
🟢 Drought can be declared in a specific affected area such as a village, taluka, tehsil or block, rather than necessarily covering an entire State or district.
📍 UPSC Mains Question
🟢 India’s drought management framework seeks to move from rainfall-based assessment towards a multi-indicator approach. Discuss the criteria for drought declaration and the institutional mechanism for providing relief.
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
👏2❤1
🔥 UPPCS Prelims Accelerator Program Anmol Vachan Presents
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📚 Practice Daily. Revise Regularly. Be Prelims Ready.
🎯 Guidance • Strategy • Selection
⚡ Fast-Track Your Prelims Preparation with Daily Targeted Practice!
🎯 WHAT YOU GET:
✅ 40 High-Yield MCQs Daily bot quiz at 8:15 PM ( Sunday off)
✅Build speed, accuracy & question-solving consistency.
✅ 2500+ MCQs
PYQs + Various State PSC Questions + Current Affairs + Static Concepts + UP GK
✅ 60-Day Strong Revision Plan
A structured plan for consistent Prelims preparation.
✅ Detailed Explanations
Understand the concept behind every question.
✅ Daily Doubt Discussion
Clear your doubts and strengthen your weak areas.
✅ Daily Quiz Summary
Quick revision of your performance, mistakes & important concepts.
💥 WHY JOIN?
“Don’t wait until the last month to start solving MCQs.”
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💰 PRE-ENROLMENT OFFER
Regular Fee: ₹599
🔥 PRE-ENROLMENT PRICE: ₹299 ONLY
🎉 50% OFF
⚠️ FIRST 100 ENROLMENTS ONLY
👉 Secure Your Spot Before the Price Jumps to ₹599
✅Enroll https://t.me/studytoday_bot
✅Daily Quiz summary with themes wise arranged CLICK HERE
✅Demo questions
https://t.me/uppsc_prelims_mcq/29284
📚 Practice Daily. Revise Regularly. Be Prelims Ready.
🎯 Guidance • Strategy • Selection
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🔆 16 MAHAJANAPADAS | ANCIENT INDIA
📍 Anga
🟢 Capital: Champa
🟢 Located in present-day Bihar.
🟢 In the 6th century BCE, Anga was annexed by Magadha under Bimbisara.
📍 Magadha
🟢 Capital: Girivraj/Rajgir
🟢 Haryanka Dynasty was the first important and powerful dynasty.
🟢 Bimbisara was a contemporary and follower of the Buddha.
📍 Kashi
🟢 Capital: Varanasi
🟢 Covered areas around Varanasi.
🟢 Had rivalry with neighbouring Kosala.
🟢 King Prasenjit of Kosala eventually annexed Kashi.
📍 Vatsa
🟢 Capital: Kaushambi
🟢 Located around present-day Prayagraj (Allahabad).
🟢 Important ruler: Udayana.
🟢 Svapnavasavadatta, by Bhasa, deals with Udayana and Vasavadatta.
🟢 Buddha visited Kaushambi during Udayana’s reign.
📍 Vajji
🟢 Capitals/Centres: Videha, Mithila and Vaishali.
🟢 A republican confederacy of 8 clans.
🟢 Important clans: Lichchavis – Vaishali | Videhans – Mithila | Jnatrikas – Mahavira.
📍 Kosala
🟢 Capital: Shravasti
🟢 Important ruler: Prasenjit.
🟢 He was a contemporary and friend of Buddha.
📍 Avanti
🟢 Capitals: Mahismati and Ujjain
🟢 Important ruler: Pradyota.
📍 Malla
🟢 Centres: Kushinara and Pawa
🟢 Buddha died at Kushinagara.
🟢 Magadha subsequently annexed Malla.
📍 Panchala
🟢 Capital: Kampilya
🟢 Located in Rohilkhand and the Central Doab of present-day Uttar Pradesh.
🟢 Northern Panchala → Ahichchhatra
🟢 Southern Panchala → Kampilya
📍 Chedi
🟢 Capital: Suktimati
🟢 Located in the eastern parts of Bundelkhand.
🟢 A branch of the Chedis established a royal dynasty in Kalinga.
📍 Kuru
🟢 Capital: Indraprastha
🟢 Associated with the Puru-Bharata lineage.
🟢 Its territory broadly corresponded to parts of Haryana, Delhi and western Uttar Pradesh.
📍 Matsya
🟢 Capital: Viratnagar
🟢 Located in the Jaipur region of Rajasthan.
🟢 Sujata is mentioned as ruling both the Chedis and Matsyas.
📍 Kamboja
🟢 Capital: Rajapura
🟢 Arthashastra and Ashoka’s Rock Edict XIII are cited as evidence for its republican form of government.
📍 Surasena
🟢 Capital: Mathura
🟢 Had a republican form of government.
🟢 Avantiputra, king of Surasena, was among the prominent disciples associated with Buddha.
📍 Asmaka
🟢 Capital: Potana/Potali
🟢 Located along the Godavari.
🟢 Considered the southernmost Mahajanapada in the list.
📍 Gandhara
🟢 Capital: Taxila
🟢 Famous as a major centre of education and learning in ancient India.
🟢 Gandhari was a princess of Gandhara.
🟢 Panini, Jivaka and Kautilya are traditionally associated with Taxila’s intellectual tradition.
🔆 UPSC QUICK RECALL
🟢 Anga → Champa → Bimbisara annexed it
🟢 Magadha → Rajgir → Haryanka
🟢 Kashi → Varanasi → annexed by Kosala
🟢 Vatsa → Kaushambi → Udayana
🟢 Vajji → Vaishali → Republican confederacy
🟢 Kosala → Shravasti → Prasenjit
🟢 Avanti → Ujjain/Mahismati → Pradyota
🟢 Malla → Kushinara/Pawa → Buddha’s Mahaparinirvana
🟢 Panchala → Ahichchhatra/Kampilya
🟢 Chedi → Suktimati → Bundelkhand
🟢 Kuru → Indraprastha
🟢 Matsya → Viratnagar → Rajasthan
🟢 Kamboja → Rajapura → Republican tradition
🟢 Surasena → Mathura → Avantiputra
🟢 Asmaka → Potana/Potali → Godavari
🟢 Gandhara → Taxila → Learning centre
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
📍 Anga
🟢 Capital: Champa
🟢 Located in present-day Bihar.
🟢 In the 6th century BCE, Anga was annexed by Magadha under Bimbisara.
📍 Magadha
🟢 Capital: Girivraj/Rajgir
🟢 Haryanka Dynasty was the first important and powerful dynasty.
🟢 Bimbisara was a contemporary and follower of the Buddha.
📍 Kashi
🟢 Capital: Varanasi
🟢 Covered areas around Varanasi.
🟢 Had rivalry with neighbouring Kosala.
🟢 King Prasenjit of Kosala eventually annexed Kashi.
📍 Vatsa
🟢 Capital: Kaushambi
🟢 Located around present-day Prayagraj (Allahabad).
🟢 Important ruler: Udayana.
🟢 Svapnavasavadatta, by Bhasa, deals with Udayana and Vasavadatta.
🟢 Buddha visited Kaushambi during Udayana’s reign.
📍 Vajji
🟢 Capitals/Centres: Videha, Mithila and Vaishali.
🟢 A republican confederacy of 8 clans.
🟢 Important clans: Lichchavis – Vaishali | Videhans – Mithila | Jnatrikas – Mahavira.
📍 Kosala
🟢 Capital: Shravasti
🟢 Important ruler: Prasenjit.
🟢 He was a contemporary and friend of Buddha.
📍 Avanti
🟢 Capitals: Mahismati and Ujjain
🟢 Important ruler: Pradyota.
📍 Malla
🟢 Centres: Kushinara and Pawa
🟢 Buddha died at Kushinagara.
🟢 Magadha subsequently annexed Malla.
📍 Panchala
🟢 Capital: Kampilya
🟢 Located in Rohilkhand and the Central Doab of present-day Uttar Pradesh.
🟢 Northern Panchala → Ahichchhatra
🟢 Southern Panchala → Kampilya
📍 Chedi
🟢 Capital: Suktimati
🟢 Located in the eastern parts of Bundelkhand.
🟢 A branch of the Chedis established a royal dynasty in Kalinga.
📍 Kuru
🟢 Capital: Indraprastha
🟢 Associated with the Puru-Bharata lineage.
🟢 Its territory broadly corresponded to parts of Haryana, Delhi and western Uttar Pradesh.
📍 Matsya
🟢 Capital: Viratnagar
🟢 Located in the Jaipur region of Rajasthan.
🟢 Sujata is mentioned as ruling both the Chedis and Matsyas.
📍 Kamboja
🟢 Capital: Rajapura
🟢 Arthashastra and Ashoka’s Rock Edict XIII are cited as evidence for its republican form of government.
📍 Surasena
🟢 Capital: Mathura
🟢 Had a republican form of government.
🟢 Avantiputra, king of Surasena, was among the prominent disciples associated with Buddha.
📍 Asmaka
🟢 Capital: Potana/Potali
🟢 Located along the Godavari.
🟢 Considered the southernmost Mahajanapada in the list.
📍 Gandhara
🟢 Capital: Taxila
🟢 Famous as a major centre of education and learning in ancient India.
🟢 Gandhari was a princess of Gandhara.
🟢 Panini, Jivaka and Kautilya are traditionally associated with Taxila’s intellectual tradition.
🔆 UPSC QUICK RECALL
🟢 Anga → Champa → Bimbisara annexed it
🟢 Magadha → Rajgir → Haryanka
🟢 Kashi → Varanasi → annexed by Kosala
🟢 Vatsa → Kaushambi → Udayana
🟢 Vajji → Vaishali → Republican confederacy
🟢 Kosala → Shravasti → Prasenjit
🟢 Avanti → Ujjain/Mahismati → Pradyota
🟢 Malla → Kushinara/Pawa → Buddha’s Mahaparinirvana
🟢 Panchala → Ahichchhatra/Kampilya
🟢 Chedi → Suktimati → Bundelkhand
🟢 Kuru → Indraprastha
🟢 Matsya → Viratnagar → Rajasthan
🟢 Kamboja → Rajapura → Republican tradition
🟢 Surasena → Mathura → Avantiputra
🟢 Asmaka → Potana/Potali → Godavari
🟢 Gandhara → Taxila → Learning centre
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
❤5
#Goodmorning
⏳239 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳328 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳85 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳71 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳65 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳58 days left Ifos mains 22 November
⏳51 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳33 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳29 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳239 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳328 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳85 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳71 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳65 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳58 days left Ifos mains 22 November
⏳51 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳33 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳29 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
🔆 ONE-LINERS | 24 SEPTEMBER 2026
📚 UPSC Current Affairs | AnmolVachan1
🔆 GEOGRAPHY
📍 EU’s First Full-Scale CO₂ Storage Facility
🟢 Greensand CCS project inaugurated in Denmark and operated by INEOS.
🟢 CO₂ storage began on 18 September 2026 beneath the North Sea.
🟢 Located around 200 km off Denmark’s west coast, beneath the former Nini West oil platform.
🟢 Initial storage capacity: 4 lakh tonnes CO₂/year.
🟢 Target capacity: 4–8 million tonnes/year by 2030.
🟢 CO₂ transported mainly by ship from Esbjerg and sourced from Danish biomethane plants.
🟢 EU target: 50 million tonnes/year CO₂ storage capacity by 2030.
🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
📍 V4 + India Foreign Ministers’ Meeting
🟢 First V4+India Foreign Ministers’ Meeting held on 21 September 2026 in New York on the sidelines of the 81st UNGA.
🟢 V4 comprises Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland & Slovakia.
🟢 Meeting held under the Slovak Presidency of V4.
🟢 Agreed to hold annual Foreign Ministers’ Meetings and establish an Annual Business Forum.
🟢 Cooperation areas: trade, technology, innovation, resilient supply chains, research, education, defence, space & connectivity.
🟢 V4 countries expressed support for India’s permanent membership of the UNSC.
📍 25th SCO Ministers Meeting
🟢 25th meeting of SCO Ministers responsible for Foreign Economic & Trade Activities held in Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
🟢 India highlighted Security, Connectivity & Opportunity as key pillars of regional economic cooperation.
🟢 Focus on paperless trade, digital customs & reduced transit costs.
🟢 Priority sectors: agriculture, pharmaceuticals, critical minerals & green energy.
🟢 Action Plan 2026–2030 for multilateral trade and economic cooperation approved.
🟢 Special Working Group on Creative Economy approved.
🟢 Uzbekistan to host the next ministerial meeting in 2027.
📍 L.69 Consultative Ministerial Interaction on UNSC Reform
🟢 Co-chaired by S. Jaishankar and Saint Lucia’s Foreign Minister Alva Baptiste.
🟢 Focus: United Nations Security Council reform and concerns of the Global South.
🟢 L.69 is a cross-regional coalition of developing countries seeking comprehensive UNSC reform.
🟢 C-10 comprises 10 African countries advocating the African Union’s Common African Position on UNSC reform.
🟢 India highlighted the need for greater urgency to address historical under-representation in the UNSC.
🔆 HEALTH
📍 India’s Commitment to Eliminate Viral Hepatitis
🟢 India reaffirmed its commitment to eliminate Hepatitis B & C as public-health threats by 2030.
🟢 Key measures: antenatal screening, Hepatitis B vaccination, free diagnosis & treatment and safe blood transfusion.
🟢 Counselling and rehabilitation support provided for people who inject drugs.
🟢 Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver and may result from viruses, alcohol, medicines, toxins or other conditions.
🟢 Chronic Hepatitis B & C can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer.
🟢 Strategy covers the entire chain: prevention → testing → treatment → long-term care.
🔆 ENERGY
📍 Ultra-Supercritical Thermal Power Plant – Chapar
🟢 3,200 MW ultra-supercritical thermal power plant planned at Chapar, Dhubri, Assam.
🟢 Developer: Adani Power Limited.
🟢 Capacity: 4 × 800 MW.
🟢 Investment: approximately ₹48,000 crore.
🟢 Commissioning planned in phases from December 2030.
🟢 Ultra-supercritical technology operates at higher temperature & pressure, improving thermal efficiency and reducing fuel consumption per unit of electricity.
🟢 Despite efficiency gains, it remains a coal-based power project.
🟢 Expected to generate employment and support local MSMEs, suppliers & state revenues.
🔆 ENVIRONMENT
📍 Hazaribagh – Emerging Vulture Safe Haven
🟢 A 100-km radius around Hazaribagh, Jharkhand is being developed as a potential vulture safe zone.
🟢 Jharkhand Forest Department has proposed a conservation-cum-breeding centre.
🟢 Increasing vulture activity and presence of young vultures indicate possible natural breeding.
🟢 Mahavar Hill is identified as a traditional vulture habitat
🟢 Proposed safe zone covers parts of Jharkhand, West Bengal & Bihar.
🟢 Aim: strengthen vulture conservation, breeding and population recovery.
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 Digital Communications Commission Dissolved
🟢 Government dissolved the Digital Communications Commission (DCC) through notification dated 19 September 2026.
🟢 Originally established as the Telecom Commission in 1989 and renamed DCC in 2018.
🟢 Served as the apex inter-departmental body for major telecom policy and financial matters.
🟢 Its functions included issues related to spectrum pricing and TRAI recommendations.
🟢 Held its final meeting on 3 September, including approval of recommendations concerning satellite communication spectrum.
🟢 Starlink, Eutelsat OneWeb & Jio Satellite Communications have received permission for satcom services, subject to spectrum allocation and security clearances.
🔆 SPORTS
📍 India’s First Soft Tennis Medal
🟢 Jay Meena won India’s first-ever medal in soft tennis at the Aichi-Nagoya 2026 Asian Games.
🟢 The athlete from Dewas, Madhya Pradesh won bronze in men’s singles.
🟢 Defeated the Philippines’ Sherwin Nuguit 4–3 in the quarter-final.
🟢 Lost 2–4 to Japan’s Takuya Kurosaka in the semi-final.
🟢 Meena had initially aspired to become a cricketer before taking up soft tennis.
🔆 MISCELLANEOUS
📍 International Day of Sign Languages
🟢 Observed globally on 23 September 2026.
🟢 Theme:“Declaring Deaf People’s Human Rights.”
🟢 Highlights the linguistic identity and cultural diversity of Deaf people and sign-language users.
🟢 2026 marks the 75th anniversary of the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD).
🟢 Also marks 20 years of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).
📍 World Maritime Day 2026
🟢 Observed on 24 September 2026.
🟢 Theme:“From Policy to Practice: Powering Maritime Excellence.”
🟢 Two-year thematic focus covering 2026–27.
🟢 Emphasises translating international maritime standards into national legislation and practical implementation.
🟢 Key concerns include maritime safety, geopolitical tensions, protection of seafarers and sustainable energy transition.
🟢 Led globally through the framework of the International Maritime.
#CurrentAffairs
📚 UPSC Current Affairs | AnmolVachan1
🔆 GEOGRAPHY
📍 EU’s First Full-Scale CO₂ Storage Facility
🟢 Greensand CCS project inaugurated in Denmark and operated by INEOS.
🟢 CO₂ storage began on 18 September 2026 beneath the North Sea.
🟢 Located around 200 km off Denmark’s west coast, beneath the former Nini West oil platform.
🟢 Initial storage capacity: 4 lakh tonnes CO₂/year.
🟢 Target capacity: 4–8 million tonnes/year by 2030.
🟢 CO₂ transported mainly by ship from Esbjerg and sourced from Danish biomethane plants.
🟢 EU target: 50 million tonnes/year CO₂ storage capacity by 2030.
🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
📍 V4 + India Foreign Ministers’ Meeting
🟢 First V4+India Foreign Ministers’ Meeting held on 21 September 2026 in New York on the sidelines of the 81st UNGA.
🟢 V4 comprises Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland & Slovakia.
🟢 Meeting held under the Slovak Presidency of V4.
🟢 Agreed to hold annual Foreign Ministers’ Meetings and establish an Annual Business Forum.
🟢 Cooperation areas: trade, technology, innovation, resilient supply chains, research, education, defence, space & connectivity.
🟢 V4 countries expressed support for India’s permanent membership of the UNSC.
📍 25th SCO Ministers Meeting
🟢 25th meeting of SCO Ministers responsible for Foreign Economic & Trade Activities held in Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
🟢 India highlighted Security, Connectivity & Opportunity as key pillars of regional economic cooperation.
🟢 Focus on paperless trade, digital customs & reduced transit costs.
🟢 Priority sectors: agriculture, pharmaceuticals, critical minerals & green energy.
🟢 Action Plan 2026–2030 for multilateral trade and economic cooperation approved.
🟢 Special Working Group on Creative Economy approved.
🟢 Uzbekistan to host the next ministerial meeting in 2027.
📍 L.69 Consultative Ministerial Interaction on UNSC Reform
🟢 Co-chaired by S. Jaishankar and Saint Lucia’s Foreign Minister Alva Baptiste.
🟢 Focus: United Nations Security Council reform and concerns of the Global South.
🟢 L.69 is a cross-regional coalition of developing countries seeking comprehensive UNSC reform.
🟢 C-10 comprises 10 African countries advocating the African Union’s Common African Position on UNSC reform.
🟢 India highlighted the need for greater urgency to address historical under-representation in the UNSC.
🔆 HEALTH
📍 India’s Commitment to Eliminate Viral Hepatitis
🟢 India reaffirmed its commitment to eliminate Hepatitis B & C as public-health threats by 2030.
🟢 Key measures: antenatal screening, Hepatitis B vaccination, free diagnosis & treatment and safe blood transfusion.
🟢 Counselling and rehabilitation support provided for people who inject drugs.
🟢 Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver and may result from viruses, alcohol, medicines, toxins or other conditions.
🟢 Chronic Hepatitis B & C can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer.
🟢 Strategy covers the entire chain: prevention → testing → treatment → long-term care.
🔆 ENERGY
📍 Ultra-Supercritical Thermal Power Plant – Chapar
🟢 3,200 MW ultra-supercritical thermal power plant planned at Chapar, Dhubri, Assam.
🟢 Developer: Adani Power Limited.
🟢 Capacity: 4 × 800 MW.
🟢 Investment: approximately ₹48,000 crore.
🟢 Commissioning planned in phases from December 2030.
🟢 Ultra-supercritical technology operates at higher temperature & pressure, improving thermal efficiency and reducing fuel consumption per unit of electricity.
🟢 Despite efficiency gains, it remains a coal-based power project.
🟢 Expected to generate employment and support local MSMEs, suppliers & state revenues.
🔆 ENVIRONMENT
📍 Hazaribagh – Emerging Vulture Safe Haven
🟢 A 100-km radius around Hazaribagh, Jharkhand is being developed as a potential vulture safe zone.
🟢 Jharkhand Forest Department has proposed a conservation-cum-breeding centre.
🟢 Increasing vulture activity and presence of young vultures indicate possible natural breeding.
🟢 Mahavar Hill is identified as a traditional vulture habitat
🟢 Proposed safe zone covers parts of Jharkhand, West Bengal & Bihar.
🟢 Aim: strengthen vulture conservation, breeding and population recovery.
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 Digital Communications Commission Dissolved
🟢 Government dissolved the Digital Communications Commission (DCC) through notification dated 19 September 2026.
🟢 Originally established as the Telecom Commission in 1989 and renamed DCC in 2018.
🟢 Served as the apex inter-departmental body for major telecom policy and financial matters.
🟢 Its functions included issues related to spectrum pricing and TRAI recommendations.
🟢 Held its final meeting on 3 September, including approval of recommendations concerning satellite communication spectrum.
🟢 Starlink, Eutelsat OneWeb & Jio Satellite Communications have received permission for satcom services, subject to spectrum allocation and security clearances.
🔆 SPORTS
📍 India’s First Soft Tennis Medal
🟢 Jay Meena won India’s first-ever medal in soft tennis at the Aichi-Nagoya 2026 Asian Games.
🟢 The athlete from Dewas, Madhya Pradesh won bronze in men’s singles.
🟢 Defeated the Philippines’ Sherwin Nuguit 4–3 in the quarter-final.
🟢 Lost 2–4 to Japan’s Takuya Kurosaka in the semi-final.
🟢 Meena had initially aspired to become a cricketer before taking up soft tennis.
🔆 MISCELLANEOUS
📍 International Day of Sign Languages
🟢 Observed globally on 23 September 2026.
🟢 Theme:“Declaring Deaf People’s Human Rights.”
🟢 Highlights the linguistic identity and cultural diversity of Deaf people and sign-language users.
🟢 2026 marks the 75th anniversary of the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD).
🟢 Also marks 20 years of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).
📍 World Maritime Day 2026
🟢 Observed on 24 September 2026.
🟢 Theme:“From Policy to Practice: Powering Maritime Excellence.”
🟢 Two-year thematic focus covering 2026–27.
🟢 Emphasises translating international maritime standards into national legislation and practical implementation.
🟢 Key concerns include maritime safety, geopolitical tensions, protection of seafarers and sustainable energy transition.
🟢 Led globally through the framework of the International Maritime.
#CurrentAffairs
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📅 Starts: 5 October | ⏰ 8:15 PM
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✅ 2500+ MCQs - PYQs + State PSC + Current + Static + UP GK
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🔆 DILUTION REFRIGERATOR | QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY
📍 In News
🟢 DRDO has signed its first high-value deep-tech TDF agreement with Zero mK India Pvt. Ltd., Alwar, Rajasthan, to develop an indigenous 20 mK dilution refrigerator.
🔆 WHAT IS A DILUTION REFRIGERATOR?
🟢 A specialised cryogenic system capable of achieving extremely low temperatures in the millikelvin (mK) range, from just above absolute zero to 1 K.
📍 Working Mechanism
🟢 Uses a mixture of Helium-3 (³He) and Helium-4 (⁴He).
🟢 Below 0.87 K, the helium mixture separates into a concentrated phase and a dilute phase.
🟢 Helium-3 movement: When ³He moves from the concentrated phase into the dilute phase, more ³He moves across to replace it.
🟢 Cooling: This movement of ³He removes heat from the system, producing extremely low temperatures.
🔆 APPLICATIONS
📍 Quantum Technology
🟢 Enables the operation and testing of quantum computing platforms and associated quantum technologies.
📍 Strategic & Industrial Importance
🟢 Indigenous development can reduce dependence on imported cryogenic infrastructure.
🟢 Strengthens India’s domestic quantum technology ecosystem.
🔆 DRDO–ZERO mK INDIA PROJECT
🟢 Technology → Indigenous dilution refrigerator
🟢 Target temperature → 20 mK
🟢 Company → Zero mK India Pvt. Ltd.
🟢 Location → Alwar, Rajasthan
🟢 Scheme → Technology Development Fund (TDF)
🟢 Deep-tech corpus → ₹500 crore
🟢 Strategic alignment → National Quantum Mission
🔆 QUICK RECALL
Dilution Refrigerator → ³He + ⁴He → <0.87 K phase separation → Heat removal → Millikelvin temperatures → Quantum computing
📍 UPSC Mains Question
🟢 How can indigenous development of advanced cryogenic systems strengthen India’s capabilities in quantum technology and strategic technologies?
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
📍 In News
🟢 DRDO has signed its first high-value deep-tech TDF agreement with Zero mK India Pvt. Ltd., Alwar, Rajasthan, to develop an indigenous 20 mK dilution refrigerator.
🔆 WHAT IS A DILUTION REFRIGERATOR?
🟢 A specialised cryogenic system capable of achieving extremely low temperatures in the millikelvin (mK) range, from just above absolute zero to 1 K.
📍 Working Mechanism
🟢 Uses a mixture of Helium-3 (³He) and Helium-4 (⁴He).
🟢 Below 0.87 K, the helium mixture separates into a concentrated phase and a dilute phase.
🟢 Helium-3 movement: When ³He moves from the concentrated phase into the dilute phase, more ³He moves across to replace it.
🟢 Cooling: This movement of ³He removes heat from the system, producing extremely low temperatures.
🔆 APPLICATIONS
📍 Quantum Technology
🟢 Enables the operation and testing of quantum computing platforms and associated quantum technologies.
📍 Strategic & Industrial Importance
🟢 Indigenous development can reduce dependence on imported cryogenic infrastructure.
🟢 Strengthens India’s domestic quantum technology ecosystem.
🔆 DRDO–ZERO mK INDIA PROJECT
🟢 Technology → Indigenous dilution refrigerator
🟢 Target temperature → 20 mK
🟢 Company → Zero mK India Pvt. Ltd.
🟢 Location → Alwar, Rajasthan
🟢 Scheme → Technology Development Fund (TDF)
🟢 Deep-tech corpus → ₹500 crore
🟢 Strategic alignment → National Quantum Mission
🔆 QUICK RECALL
Dilution Refrigerator → ³He + ⁴He → <0.87 K phase separation → Heat removal → Millikelvin temperatures → Quantum computing
📍 UPSC Mains Question
🟢 How can indigenous development of advanced cryogenic systems strengthen India’s capabilities in quantum technology and strategic technologies?
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
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#Goodmorning
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⏳238 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳327 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳84 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳70 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳64 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳57 days left Ifos mains 22 November
⏳50 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳32 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳28 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
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