CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF CDS NDA
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The toughest exam of the Nation & Dreams of many UPSC CSE.
Here we provide free materials related to all three stages of exam I.e. Prelims,Mains and Personality Test

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πŸ”† INDIGENOUS GAS TURBINE ENGINES β€” CSIR-NAL

πŸ“ News
🟒 CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR-NAL) unveiled three indigenous micro & small gas turbine engines.

πŸ“ Key Engines
🟒 NJ-05 β†’ 5 kg thrust
🟒 NJ-50 β†’ 50 kg thrust
🟒 NJ-100 β†’ 100 kg thrust

πŸ“ Applications
🟒 Tactical UAVs
🟒 Drone interceptors
🟒 Compact missile systems

πŸ“ Significance
🟒 Developed indigenously to address critical requirements of defence technology.
🟒 Provides compact propulsion solutions for unmanned and missile platforms.

πŸ”† MUST REMEMBER
CSIR-NAL β†’ NJ-05 | NJ-50 | NJ-100
Thrust β†’ 5 kg | 50 kg | 100 kg
Use β†’ UAVs | Drone Interceptors | Compact Missiles

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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Election commission of India

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The Govt just introduced Telecom Consumer Protection (Thirteenth Amendment) Regulations, 2026, consumers will now have:

β€’ 30-day recharge plans, reducing the need for 13 monthly recharges to 12 in a year
β€’ Voice and SMS-only plans for those who do not need data
β€’ More suitable options for low-budget consumers who primarily need basic voice calls
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World Tourism Day 2026, to be observed on 27 September under the theme β€œDigital Agenda and Artificial Intelligence to Redesign Tourism

#prelims
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#Goodmorning  

⏳237 days  left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
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⏳83 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳69 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳63 Days left UKPSC 29 November
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#Target
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πŸ”† POLITICAL & ADMINISTRATIVE REORGANISATION OF STATES β€” QUICK REVISION

πŸ“ Introduction
🟒 Reorganisation of India’s states and territories has been a continuous process since the mid-19th century, driven by political, administrative, linguistic, ethnic and developmental considerations.

πŸ”† PHASES OF REORGANISATION

πŸ“ 1857–1935
🟒 India divided into British provinces + princely states.
🟒 British largely followed a policy of non-interference in territorial expansion.
🟒 Bengal partition and shifting of capital from Calcutta to Delhi were major changes.

πŸ“ 1935–1947
🟒 Government of India Act, 1935 proposed an Indian federation involving provinces and princely states.
🟒 Cabinet Mission grouped territories into A, B and C categories for administrative purposes.

πŸ“ 1947–1956
🟒 Post-Independence integration and reorganisation began.
🟒 States Reorganisation Commission (Fazal Ali Commission) β†’ basis for the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.

πŸ“ 1960–2000
🟒 Maharashtra & Gujarat β†’ linguistic considerations.
🟒 Punjab, Haryana & Himachal Pradesh β†’ linguistic/developmental considerations.
🟒 Sikkim & Goa β†’ integration and subsequent statehood.
🟒 Northeast β†’ new states created to accommodate ethnic diversity.

πŸ“ 2000 onwards
🟒 Uttarakhand, Jharkhand & Chhattisgarh (2000) β†’ administrative + developmental concerns.
🟒 Jammu & Kashmir reorganised into UT of Jammu & Kashmir + UT of Ladakh.
🟒 Continuing demands include Bodoland, Harit Pradesh, Purvanchal, Saurashtra, etc.

πŸ”† CORE IDEA
Reorganisation has evolved from β†’ colonial administrative control β†’ national integration β†’ linguistic identity β†’ ethnic aspirations β†’ administrative & developmental needs.

πŸ“ UPSC Mains Line:
Thus, state reorganisation in India is not a one-time event but an evolving process reflecting the changing political, social, cultural and developmental aspirations of its people.

#history #prelims #mains

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πŸ”† ONE-LINERS | 26 SEPTEMBER 2026

πŸ“š UPSC Current Affairs | AnmolVachan1

πŸ”† HISTORY, ART & CULTURE

πŸ“ Mizoram’s First β€˜Pluck & Pay’ Festival
🟒 Launched in Khawzawl district, Mizoram.
🟒 Concept: Visitors harvest farm produce themselves and pay farmers directly.
🟒 Connects agriculture, horticulture, tourism, local food & community enterprises.
🟒 Creates livelihood opportunities for farmers, homestays, guides, transport operators & artisans.
🟒 Features Mizo music & dance, local cuisine, handicrafts, cultural performances and traditional games.
🟒 Tourist arrivals increased from 4.27 lakh (2024) β†’ 8.41 lakh (2025).
🟒 Other Mizoram festivals include Anthurium Festival, Hnahsin Kût, Travel Fest, Leitlangpui Music Festival & Winter Festival.

πŸ”† INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

πŸ“ International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons
🟒 Observed annually on 26 September.
🟒 Established by UNGA Resolution 68/32 in 2013.
🟒 Aim: Raise awareness about nuclear-weapon risks and promote global nuclear disarmament.
🟒 Around 12,187 nuclear weapons are estimated to remain globally.
🟒 A UNGA high-level plenary meeting on nuclear disarmament is scheduled for 29 September 2026.
🟒 The Nuclear Abolition Day Appeal calls for ending the arms race and achieving a nuclear-weapon-free world by 2045.

πŸ”† ECONOMY

πŸ“ GI-Tagged Gulbarga Tur Dal Exported to Maldives
🟒 1 MT of GI-tagged Gulbarga Tur Dal exported from Karnataka to the Maldives.
🟒 Export facilitated by APEDA and undertaken by Silken Global Exports & Imports, Mysuru.
🟒 Export conducted through an FPO-led brand.
🟒 Farmers can potentially receive around β‚Ή82/kg, compared with the prevailing market price of about β‚Ή60/kg.
🟒 Strengthens the role of Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) in international agricultural value chains.
🟒 Promotes direct linkage between Indian farmers and international markets.
🟒 Gulbarga Tur Dal represents the distinctive agricultural identity of Gulbarga, Karnataka.

πŸ”† ENVIRONMENT

πŸ“ Cool Leaders’ Initiative
🟒 Cool Leaders Awards launched on 17 September 2026 by UNEP.
🟒 Addresses extreme heat and the growing global need for sustainable cooling.
🟒 Announced at the Global Cooling Pledge Assembly 2026 in Singapore.
🟒 Key initiatives: Global Heat Resilience Roadmap and Nature for Cooling Challenge.
🟒 2026 Cool Leaders: Singapore, UAE and Dong Mingzhu of Gree Electric Appliances.
🟒 Focus areas include passive cooling, district cooling, heat resilience and ultra-efficient low-carbon cooling technologies.

πŸ“ Kalpasar Project
🟒 Officially known as the Gulf of Khambhat Development Project in Gujarat.
🟒 Envisions a ~60-km dam-cum-dyke across the Gulf of Khambhat.
🟒 Aims to create a major coastal freshwater reservoir using runoff from rivers including Sabarmati, Mahi and Dhadhar, supplemented by Narmada.
🟒 Proposed freshwater storage: approximately 7,800–8,000 million cubic metres.
🟒 Intended to irrigate 1 million+ hectares and address water scarcity in Saurashtra.
🟒 Proposed highway-cum-rail corridor could reduce travel distance between Saurashtra and South Gujarat.
🟒 Includes around 2,470 MW hybrid renewable energy capacity.
🟒 India and the Netherlands signed MoUs in September 2026 for technical cooperation involving CWC, Gujarat’s Kalpasar Department, Deltares and TU Delft.

πŸ”† HEALTH

πŸ“ World Lung Day 2026
🟒 Observed on 25 September 2026.
🟒 Theme: β€œA Lifetime of Lung Health.”
🟒 Coordinated by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies (FIRS).
🟒 Focus: protecting lung health across the entire life course.
🟒 Priorities: prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, clean air and equitable access to lung care.
🟒 Major threats include tobacco/nicotine, air pollution, pneumonia, tuberculosis, asthma, COPD and occupational exposures.

πŸ”† SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

πŸ“ Project Suncatcher
🟒 A long-term Google research initiative exploring AI computing infrastructure in space.
🟒 Concept: clusters of small LEO satellites carrying Google Tensor Processing Units (TPUs).
🟒 Uses near-continuous sunlight in orbit to generate significantly more solar power than comparable Earth-based panels.
🟒 Aims to overcome terrestrial constraints such as power-grid capacity, land availability and cooling-water requirements.
🟒 Satellites would communicate through high-bandwidth free-space optical/laser links.
🟒 Designed to explore distributed AI and machine-learning workloads in orbit.

πŸ“ DRDO–Start-up Agreement on Quantum Cryogenics
🟒 DRDO signed its first high-value deep-tech project agreement with a start-up under the Technology Development Fund (TDF).
🟒 Partner: Zero mK India Pvt. Ltd., Alwar, Rajasthan.
🟒 Agreement signed on 24 September 2026.
🟒 Project: indigenous development of a 20 millikelvin (20 mK) Dilution Refrigerator.
🟒 Such systems achieve ultra-low temperatures essential for several quantum computing platforms and technologies.
🟒 Supports the National Quantum Mission.
🟒 Aims to strengthen capabilities in quantum technology, advanced cryogenics and strategic deep technologies.
🟒 Reduces dependence on imported cryogenic infrastructure.

πŸ”† INDEX

πŸ“ Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) 2026
🟒 Released by the World Economic Forum (WEF).
🟒 India ranked 31st out of 110 economies, with a score of 4.42/7.
🟒 India climbed 9 places from its recalculated 2024 ranking.
🟒 Japan ranked first, followed by the USA, Spain, Australia and France.
🟒 India’s strengths include cost competitiveness, cultural & natural resources and UNESCO World Heritage cultural sites.
🟒 Challenges include environmental sustainability, infrastructure, tourist services and workforce skills.

πŸ”† SPORTS

πŸ“ 20th Asian Games – Aichi-Nagoya 2026
🟒 Held from 19 September–4 October 2026 in Aichi Prefecture & Nagoya, Japan.
🟒 Early events began from 10 September.
🟒 Motto:β€œOne Asia, One Heart.”
🟒 Mascot: HONOHON, inspired by the Shachi Hoko deity.
🟒 45 nations/territories competing across 43 sports and 469 events.
🟒 New disciplines include virtual taekwondo and mixed martial arts.
🟒 India’s contingent: 503 athletes β€” 269 men and 234 women.
🟒 Athletics has the largest Indian.

#CurrentAffairs
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Solar module manufacturing capacity 168.04 GW in 2026.

More than 70X growth in India’s domestic clean-energy manufacturing capability.

#mains
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5G now reaches 99.9% of India’s districts, covering 85% of the population.
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India supplies around 55-60% of UNICEF’s vaccines, taking Indian pharmaceutical manufacturing to communities across the globe.
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PANCHAM: UNICEF-collaborated WhatsApp chatbot by Ministry of Panchayati Raj providing advisories to PRI representatives in 22 languages .
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Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR): DRDO-developed air-breathing missile propulsion using atmospheric oxygen, enabling sustained supersonic speeds and longer range.

#prelims
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BHASHINI Rajyam: AI-driven multilingual governance framework launched in Goa under the National Language Translation Mission.
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