Your EPFO 2026 preparation deserves the right resources β not random notes. π
π₯ UPSC EPFO APFC 2026 β 3rd Edition
Set of 2 Focused Booklets
β Prepared by serving/experienced EPFO Officers & IIT Alumni
Labour Codes β’ Industrial Relations β’ Social Security β’ Accounting β’ Auditing β’ Insurance β’ Computer β’ Quantitative Aptitude
β PYQs covered up to 2025
β Practice Questions + Quick Revision
β Focused specifically for UPSC EPFO/APFC 2026
π₯βΉ999 β βΉ699
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π Free Delivery on Limited Copies
π₯ Limited copies are available in the current batch. Once this batch is closed, availability may be limited.
π https://learnfinite.com/courses/upsc-epfo-2026?referral=76BQGGXC
π₯ UPSC EPFO APFC 2026 β 3rd Edition
Set of 2 Focused Booklets
β Prepared by serving/experienced EPFO Officers & IIT Alumni
Labour Codes β’ Industrial Relations β’ Social Security β’ Accounting β’ Auditing β’ Insurance β’ Computer β’ Quantitative Aptitude
β PYQs covered up to 2025
β Practice Questions + Quick Revision
β Focused specifically for UPSC EPFO/APFC 2026
π₯
Use Coupon Code: TOPPERSKART
π Delivery has started
π Free Delivery on Limited Copies
π₯ Limited copies are available in the current batch. Once this batch is closed, availability may be limited.
π https://learnfinite.com/courses/upsc-epfo-2026?referral=76BQGGXC
β€2
UPSC EPFO APFC 2026_VOL 2 (ACCOUNTANCY).pdf
11.2 MB
Accountancy, Auditing,
Insurance, Computer &
Quantitative Aptitude
Insurance, Computer &
Quantitative Aptitude
π ETRUSCAN CIVILIZATION β MONUMENTAL TOMB AT VULCI
π Recent Discovery
π’ Archaeologists uncovered a monumental Etruscan tomb at the Polledrara necropolis of ancient Vulci, central Italy.
π’ The tomb dates to the late 7th century BCE β around 2,700 years old.
π 1889 Connection
π’ French archaeologist StΓ©phane Gsell identified and mapped the circular burial mound in 1889, now known as the Gsell Tumulus.
π’ He could not locate the actual burial chamber due to time and funding limitations.
π’ The 2026 Return to Vulci project has now uncovered the chamber believed to be the one Gsell was searching for.
π Major Finds β βTomb of the Stone Chamberβ
π’ Weapons & chariot components
π’ Gold and bronze objects
π’ Jewellery & clothing-related artefacts
π’ Rare womenβs shoes
π’ High-quality pottery
π’ Almost complete banquet service
π’ Bronze tripod made on Rhodes β evidence of long-distance Mediterranean connections.
π Why It Matters
π’ The Etruscans developed a major civilisation in central Italy before Roman dominance.
π’ Their society was closely connected to Mediterranean trade and cultural exchange.
π’ Rich monumental tombs provide evidence about social hierarchy, funerary practices, warfare, trade and elite culture.
π’ UNESCO recognises the Etruscan necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia for their exceptional evidence of Etruscan civilisation.
π MUST REMEMBER
Civilisation β Etruscan
Location β Central Italy
Site β Ancient Vulci
Tomb β Tomb of the Stone Chamber
Period β Late 7th century BCE
1889 β StΓ©phane Gsell
Key evidence β Bronze tripod from Rhodes
UNESCO β Cerveteri & Tarquinia
π PRELIMS LINK
Etruscans β Central Italy β Before Roman dominance β Mediterranean trade β Monumental necropolises
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
π Recent Discovery
π’ Archaeologists uncovered a monumental Etruscan tomb at the Polledrara necropolis of ancient Vulci, central Italy.
π’ The tomb dates to the late 7th century BCE β around 2,700 years old.
π 1889 Connection
π’ French archaeologist StΓ©phane Gsell identified and mapped the circular burial mound in 1889, now known as the Gsell Tumulus.
π’ He could not locate the actual burial chamber due to time and funding limitations.
π’ The 2026 Return to Vulci project has now uncovered the chamber believed to be the one Gsell was searching for.
π Major Finds β βTomb of the Stone Chamberβ
π’ Weapons & chariot components
π’ Gold and bronze objects
π’ Jewellery & clothing-related artefacts
π’ Rare womenβs shoes
π’ High-quality pottery
π’ Almost complete banquet service
π’ Bronze tripod made on Rhodes β evidence of long-distance Mediterranean connections.
π Why It Matters
π’ The Etruscans developed a major civilisation in central Italy before Roman dominance.
π’ Their society was closely connected to Mediterranean trade and cultural exchange.
π’ Rich monumental tombs provide evidence about social hierarchy, funerary practices, warfare, trade and elite culture.
π’ UNESCO recognises the Etruscan necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia for their exceptional evidence of Etruscan civilisation.
π MUST REMEMBER
Civilisation β Etruscan
Location β Central Italy
Site β Ancient Vulci
Tomb β Tomb of the Stone Chamber
Period β Late 7th century BCE
1889 β StΓ©phane Gsell
Key evidence β Bronze tripod from Rhodes
UNESCO β Cerveteri & Tarquinia
π PRELIMS LINK
Etruscans β Central Italy β Before Roman dominance β Mediterranean trade β Monumental necropolises
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
β€1
ππ¨π«π₯π ππππ«π πππ² π’π¬ πππ’π§π π¨ππ¬ππ«π―ππ ππ¨πππ².
Theme of this yearβs World Heart Day is "π«ππβπ π΄πππ π π΄πππππ".
World Heart Day is observed every year to raise awareness about cardiovascular diseases globally and encourage people to adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle
Theme of this yearβs World Heart Day is "π«ππβπ π΄πππ π π΄πππππ".
World Heart Day is observed every year to raise awareness about cardiovascular diseases globally and encourage people to adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle
π4π₯3
5 new sites and serial and transnational proposals have been included in Indiaβs UNESCO Tentative List, increasing Indiaβs count to 78.
The newly added sites include the Buddhist murals of Bagh Cave Paintings, the Group of Temples of the Chambal Valley, the Gupta-era Udaigiri Caves, the tribal legacy of Ginnorgarh.
It also includes the Sites of Satyagraha, which is a serial transnational proposal connecting India and South Africa.
The newly added sites include the Buddhist murals of Bagh Cave Paintings, the Group of Temples of the Chambal Valley, the Gupta-era Udaigiri Caves, the tribal legacy of Ginnorgarh.
It also includes the Sites of Satyagraha, which is a serial transnational proposal connecting India and South Africa.
π8π₯2π2
Krishna Arjun Conversations for Inner Healing: Healing from Betrayal
https://youtube.com/shorts/nO23I0uEfMA?si=ydH-BSTO4ukLJswx
https://youtube.com/shorts/nO23I0uEfMA?si=ydH-BSTO4ukLJswx
β€3
#Goodmorning
β³235 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
β³324 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
β³81 days left EPFO 20 December
β³67 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
β³61 Days left UKPSC 29 November
β³54 days left Ifos mains 22 November
β³47 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
β³29 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
β³25 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
β³235 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
β³324 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
β³81 days left EPFO 20 December
β³67 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
β³61 Days left UKPSC 29 November
β³54 days left Ifos mains 22 November
β³47 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
β³29 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
β³25 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
π2
π ONE-LINERS | 29 SEPTEMBER 2026
π UPSC Current Affairs | AnmolVachan1
π GEOGRAPHY
π Typhoon Dujuan β Japan
π’ Powerful tropical cyclone affecting eastern Japan & Greater Tokyo Area.
π’ Izu Oshima: up to 832 mm rainfall in 48 hours.
π’ Maximum sustained winds reached around 144 km/h, with stronger gusts.
π’ Triggered floods, landslides, casualties and large-scale evacuations.
π’ Evacuation advisories affected 16 lakh+ residents.
π’ Major disruptions to Haneda/Narita flights and rail services.
π’ Extreme rainfall intensified by warm ocean waters + Japanβs seasonal autumn rain front.
π POLITY & GOVERNANCE
π J&K Assembly Passes Statehood Resolution
π’ J&K Assembly passed a resolution on 28 September 2026 seeking restoration of full statehood.
π’ Passed through voice vote after BJP legislators staged a walkout.
π’ Resolution refers to earlier Assembly resolutions of 2000 and November 2024.
π’ References to Articles 370 & 35A were withdrawn before passage.
π’ NC-led government and other parties supported the statehood demand.
π’ BJP stated support for statehood but opposed linking it with autonomy or the pre-1953 constitutional position.
π’ Constitutional context: In 2019, the erstwhile State of J&K was reorganised into the UTs of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.
π’ The Supreme Court had directed restoration of statehood βas soon as possibleβ after elections.
π INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
π ChabaharβZahedan Railway
π’ Iran completed track-laying in September 2026; operations expected within 3β4 months.
π’ Length: approximately 630β730 km.
π’ Includes 33 stations, 39 tunnels & 201 bridges.
π’ Connects Chabahar Port on the Gulf of Oman with Iranβs national railway network.
π’ Project began in 2010 with estimated cost of $1.5 billion.
π’ Strategic importance: provides India and regional partners an alternative route towards Afghanistan & Central Asia.
π’ Helps bypass Pakistan and strengthens the strategic role of Chabahar Port.
π ENVIRONMENT
π Endemic Fish of the Thamirabarani River
π’ Thamirabarani hosts around 125 fish species, including 7 endemic species.
π’ Key species: Dawkinsia tambraparniei, Haludaria kannikattiensis, Mesonoemacheilus tambaraparniensis, Garra kalakadensis, Garra joshuai, Neolissochilus tamiraparaniensis & Hypselobarbus tamiraparaniei.
π’ Dawkinsia tambraparniei is classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.
π’ Major threats: untreated sewage, industrial pollution, agricultural runoff and habitat destruction.
π’ Removal of riparian vegetation affects spawning and shelter habitats.
π’ Invasive species such as African catfish and tilapia compete with native fish and consume their eggs.
π’ Conservation requires pollution control, riparian restoration and invasive-species management.
π SECURITY
π KAZIND-2026
π’ 9th IndiaβKazakhstan Joint Military Exercise.
π’ Held from 28 Septemberβ11 October 2026 at Oskemen, Kazakhstan.
π’ 60-member Indian contingent and an equal-strength Kazakh contingent.
π’ Focus: counter-terrorism operations in semi-urban and mountainous terrain under a UN mandate.
π’ Training includes raids, search-and-destroy missions, special heliborne operations and UAV employment.
π SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
π UN Womenβs Digital, Innovation & AI Hub
π’ UN Women launched a global hub to place gender equality at the centre of digital transformation and AI governance.
π’ Women account for only around 1 in 5 AI jobs and 1 in 10 senior technology leadership roles.
π’ 44% of 133 AI systems analysed showed gender bias.
π’ Nearly 1 in 4 women human-rights defenders, activists and journalists reported AI-assisted online violence.
π’ Objectives: gender-responsive AI policies, inclusive technology design, reducing algorithmic bias and tackling online violence.
π’ Promotes greater participation of women in AI governance and decision-making.
π Global Automotive Research Centre (GARC)
π’ Located at Oragadam, Chennai and functions under the National Automotive Board, Ministry of Heavy Industries.
π’ Authorised testing agency under Rule 126 of Central Motor Vehicles Rules.
π’ Provides vehicle/component testing, R&D, homologation, emissions, EMC, safety and EV testing.
π’ Under PM E-DRIVE, βΉ221.13 crore allocated to GARC for testing-infrastructure modernisation.
π’ PM E-DRIVE total outlay: βΉ10,900 crore; testing-agency upgradation: βΉ780 crore.
π’ Upgrades include EV/battery testing, heavy-vehicle testing, powertrain, passive safety & ADAS facilities.
π’ New high-speed imaging systems: 4K up to 750 fps and Full HD up to 3,000 fps.
π’ Used to analyse vehicle deformation, occupant movement and airbag deployment during crash tests.
π Starship Reaches Orbit
π’ SpaceX Starship reached orbit for the first time during its 14th test flight on 28 September 2026.
π’ The 120+ metre rocket saw the upper stage separate from the Super Heavy booster.
π’ Reached orbit approximately 26 minutes after launch.
π’ Target orbit: ~275 km at around 28,000 km/h.
π’ Mission planned deployment of 26 next-generation Starlink satellites.
π’ Demonstrates progress towards a fully reusable launch system.
π’ Potential future applications include commercial flights, orbital refuelling, Moon/Mars missions and space infrastructure.
π MISCELLANEOUS
π World Heart Day 2026
π’ Observed on 29 September 2026.
π’ Theme:βDonβt Miss a Beat.β
π’ Led by the World Heart Federation.
π’ Focus: recognising warning signs, early diagnosis, healthy lifestyles and stronger cardiovascular-health action.
π’ Cardiovascular diseases cause nearly 20 million deaths globally every year.
π’ Up to 80% of premature deaths from heart disease and stroke are potentially preventable through lifestyle changes and timely healthcare.
π International Translation Day 2026
π’ Observed annually on 30 September.
π’ Theme:βLinguistic Diversity and Language Rightsβ | Subtitle: βThe Power of Being Understood.β
π’ Marks the feast day of St. Jerome, patron saint of translators.
π’ Launched in 1953 by the International Federation of Translators (FIT).
π’ Officially recognised by the UN General Assembly in 2017 through Resolution 71/288.
π’ Highlights the role of translators, interpreters and terminologists in global dialogue and cultural understanding.
π’ 2026 focus includes indigenous/minoritised languages, language rights and AI.
#CurrentAffairs
π UPSC Current Affairs | AnmolVachan1
π GEOGRAPHY
π Typhoon Dujuan β Japan
π’ Powerful tropical cyclone affecting eastern Japan & Greater Tokyo Area.
π’ Izu Oshima: up to 832 mm rainfall in 48 hours.
π’ Maximum sustained winds reached around 144 km/h, with stronger gusts.
π’ Triggered floods, landslides, casualties and large-scale evacuations.
π’ Evacuation advisories affected 16 lakh+ residents.
π’ Major disruptions to Haneda/Narita flights and rail services.
π’ Extreme rainfall intensified by warm ocean waters + Japanβs seasonal autumn rain front.
π POLITY & GOVERNANCE
π J&K Assembly Passes Statehood Resolution
π’ J&K Assembly passed a resolution on 28 September 2026 seeking restoration of full statehood.
π’ Passed through voice vote after BJP legislators staged a walkout.
π’ Resolution refers to earlier Assembly resolutions of 2000 and November 2024.
π’ References to Articles 370 & 35A were withdrawn before passage.
π’ NC-led government and other parties supported the statehood demand.
π’ BJP stated support for statehood but opposed linking it with autonomy or the pre-1953 constitutional position.
π’ Constitutional context: In 2019, the erstwhile State of J&K was reorganised into the UTs of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.
π’ The Supreme Court had directed restoration of statehood βas soon as possibleβ after elections.
π INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
π ChabaharβZahedan Railway
π’ Iran completed track-laying in September 2026; operations expected within 3β4 months.
π’ Length: approximately 630β730 km.
π’ Includes 33 stations, 39 tunnels & 201 bridges.
π’ Connects Chabahar Port on the Gulf of Oman with Iranβs national railway network.
π’ Project began in 2010 with estimated cost of $1.5 billion.
π’ Strategic importance: provides India and regional partners an alternative route towards Afghanistan & Central Asia.
π’ Helps bypass Pakistan and strengthens the strategic role of Chabahar Port.
π ENVIRONMENT
π Endemic Fish of the Thamirabarani River
π’ Thamirabarani hosts around 125 fish species, including 7 endemic species.
π’ Key species: Dawkinsia tambraparniei, Haludaria kannikattiensis, Mesonoemacheilus tambaraparniensis, Garra kalakadensis, Garra joshuai, Neolissochilus tamiraparaniensis & Hypselobarbus tamiraparaniei.
π’ Dawkinsia tambraparniei is classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.
π’ Major threats: untreated sewage, industrial pollution, agricultural runoff and habitat destruction.
π’ Removal of riparian vegetation affects spawning and shelter habitats.
π’ Invasive species such as African catfish and tilapia compete with native fish and consume their eggs.
π’ Conservation requires pollution control, riparian restoration and invasive-species management.
π SECURITY
π KAZIND-2026
π’ 9th IndiaβKazakhstan Joint Military Exercise.
π’ Held from 28 Septemberβ11 October 2026 at Oskemen, Kazakhstan.
π’ 60-member Indian contingent and an equal-strength Kazakh contingent.
π’ Focus: counter-terrorism operations in semi-urban and mountainous terrain under a UN mandate.
π’ Training includes raids, search-and-destroy missions, special heliborne operations and UAV employment.
π SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
π UN Womenβs Digital, Innovation & AI Hub
π’ UN Women launched a global hub to place gender equality at the centre of digital transformation and AI governance.
π’ Women account for only around 1 in 5 AI jobs and 1 in 10 senior technology leadership roles.
π’ 44% of 133 AI systems analysed showed gender bias.
π’ Nearly 1 in 4 women human-rights defenders, activists and journalists reported AI-assisted online violence.
π’ Objectives: gender-responsive AI policies, inclusive technology design, reducing algorithmic bias and tackling online violence.
π’ Promotes greater participation of women in AI governance and decision-making.
π Global Automotive Research Centre (GARC)
π’ Located at Oragadam, Chennai and functions under the National Automotive Board, Ministry of Heavy Industries.
π’ Authorised testing agency under Rule 126 of Central Motor Vehicles Rules.
π’ Provides vehicle/component testing, R&D, homologation, emissions, EMC, safety and EV testing.
π’ Under PM E-DRIVE, βΉ221.13 crore allocated to GARC for testing-infrastructure modernisation.
π’ PM E-DRIVE total outlay: βΉ10,900 crore; testing-agency upgradation: βΉ780 crore.
π’ Upgrades include EV/battery testing, heavy-vehicle testing, powertrain, passive safety & ADAS facilities.
π’ New high-speed imaging systems: 4K up to 750 fps and Full HD up to 3,000 fps.
π’ Used to analyse vehicle deformation, occupant movement and airbag deployment during crash tests.
π Starship Reaches Orbit
π’ SpaceX Starship reached orbit for the first time during its 14th test flight on 28 September 2026.
π’ The 120+ metre rocket saw the upper stage separate from the Super Heavy booster.
π’ Reached orbit approximately 26 minutes after launch.
π’ Target orbit: ~275 km at around 28,000 km/h.
π’ Mission planned deployment of 26 next-generation Starlink satellites.
π’ Demonstrates progress towards a fully reusable launch system.
π’ Potential future applications include commercial flights, orbital refuelling, Moon/Mars missions and space infrastructure.
π MISCELLANEOUS
π World Heart Day 2026
π’ Observed on 29 September 2026.
π’ Theme:βDonβt Miss a Beat.β
π’ Led by the World Heart Federation.
π’ Focus: recognising warning signs, early diagnosis, healthy lifestyles and stronger cardiovascular-health action.
π’ Cardiovascular diseases cause nearly 20 million deaths globally every year.
π’ Up to 80% of premature deaths from heart disease and stroke are potentially preventable through lifestyle changes and timely healthcare.
π International Translation Day 2026
π’ Observed annually on 30 September.
π’ Theme:βLinguistic Diversity and Language Rightsβ | Subtitle: βThe Power of Being Understood.β
π’ Marks the feast day of St. Jerome, patron saint of translators.
π’ Launched in 1953 by the International Federation of Translators (FIT).
π’ Officially recognised by the UN General Assembly in 2017 through Resolution 71/288.
π’ Highlights the role of translators, interpreters and terminologists in global dialogue and cultural understanding.
π’ 2026 focus includes indigenous/minoritised languages, language rights and AI.
#CurrentAffairs
β€6
ππ‘ππ«π€π‘ππ§π'π¬ πππ§πππ« π πππ¬ ππ πππ β¨
The traditional musical instrument Mandar, deeply rooted in folk culture and tribal life of Jharkhand, has received official recognition with a Geographical Indication tag.
Mandar Samrat Manpuran Nayak described Mandar as an integral part of Jharkhandβs cultural heritage. He said that the GI recognition is a tribute to the ancestors and the soil of Jharkhand.
The traditional musical instrument Mandar, deeply rooted in folk culture and tribal life of Jharkhand, has received official recognition with a Geographical Indication tag.
Mandar Samrat Manpuran Nayak described Mandar as an integral part of Jharkhandβs cultural heritage. He said that the GI recognition is a tribute to the ancestors and the soil of Jharkhand.
π5β€4π1
π EPFO Complete English Grammar Revision in Just 50 Pages!
Specially curated for serious aspirants of EPFO | CDS | CAPF and other competitive examinations. Get straight-to-the-point notes designed to boost your accuracy and speed.
β Key Features:
β’ Important Grammar Rules & Structures
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π° Limited Time Pricing:
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β Key Features:
β’ Important Grammar Rules & Structures
β’ Crucial Exceptions & Special Usages
β’ Common Grammar Confusions Resolved
β’ Wrong vs. Correct Practical Examples
β’ Error-Spotting Rules & Exam Traps
β’ Time-Saving Quick Revision Tables
π° Limited Time Pricing:
Get the Anmol Vachan Short Notes today for just βΉ99 (Original Price:
Note: This 50% discount applies strictly to the first 200 students
Contact - @EPFO_Notes_bot.
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ππ»Features:
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2) One-on-One Mentorship Support
3) Freedom to practice questions from any source
4) Additional Access to our curated Question Bank
5) Full Length Tests of any institute covered
6) Access to 400+ Toppers Copies (Students of ConvertIAS)
7) Free Access to GS1,2 3,4 Answer Writing Series by Rank Holders
And much more!
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Itβs time to gear up for the Personality Test - the final and most decisive stage of the Civil Services Examination.
Mock Interviews alone donβt ensure success. What truly matters is a structured and guided preparation tailored to your personality, background, and DAF.
Designed and guided by officers who know exactly what the Interview Board expects.
Presenting our 7-Stage Interview Guidance Program, led by former IAS and IPS officers, featuring:
β’β β Personal DAF Analysis & SWOT Assessment
β’β β Self-Mock Sessions for reflection and refinement
β’β β Exclusive One-on-One Sessions with Dr. Sylendra Babu IPS (Retd. DGP, Tamil Nadu) and other senior officers
Watch Now: https://youtu.be/Rg0EZ7o-b4s
To know more Details: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18SUkCNAzRo221PW1gaCHoCJ3X-8FR74o/view?usp=sharing
Register Now: https://forms.gle/7W1nJ1364s8gFZeLA
For More Info: +917397767226
Master the UPSC Personality Test with a time-tested roadmap designed by those whoβve been there and succeeded.
Mock Interviews alone donβt ensure success. What truly matters is a structured and guided preparation tailored to your personality, background, and DAF.
Designed and guided by officers who know exactly what the Interview Board expects.
Presenting our 7-Stage Interview Guidance Program, led by former IAS and IPS officers, featuring:
β’β β Personal DAF Analysis & SWOT Assessment
β’β β Self-Mock Sessions for reflection and refinement
β’β β Exclusive One-on-One Sessions with Dr. Sylendra Babu IPS (Retd. DGP, Tamil Nadu) and other senior officers
Watch Now: https://youtu.be/Rg0EZ7o-b4s
To know more Details: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18SUkCNAzRo221PW1gaCHoCJ3X-8FR74o/view?usp=sharing
Register Now: https://forms.gle/7W1nJ1364s8gFZeLA
For More Info: +917397767226
Master the UPSC Personality Test with a time-tested roadmap designed by those whoβve been there and succeeded.
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π INDIAβS FIRST PORT-BASED E-METHANOL PLANT
π Project
π’ Foundation stone laid for Indiaβs first port-based e-methanol production facility at Deendayal Port Authority (DPA), Kandla, Gujarat.
π’ Joint initiative of DPA + Assam Petro-Chemicals Ltd (APCL).
π’ Total investment: βΉ2,300 crore in a 76:24 contribution ratio.
π Two-Phase Capacity
π’ Phase I: 50 tonnes/day β βΉ1,200 crore
π’ Phase II: 100 tonnes/day β βΉ1,100 crore
π’ The e-methanol will support vessels operating on the AsiaβEurope International Trade Corridor.
π’ The project will also develop a green-fuel ecosystem covering transportation, storage and supply around Kandla.
π What is E-Methanol?
π’ E-methanol is a low-carbon form of methanol produced using renewable energy + captured/recycled COβ.
π’ It can be used as a low-carbon fuel in shipping, besides applications in heavy industry and chemical manufacturing.
π Production Process
π’ 1. Green Hydrogen: Renewable electricity β electrolysis of HβO β Hβ + Oβ.
π’ 2. COβ Capture: COβ captured from industrial sources or directly from air.
π’ 3. Methanol Synthesis: Green hydrogen + captured COβ β catalytic reaction β e-methanol.
π Economic Significance
π’ Expected production cost: around US$750/tonne.
π’ Global rate cited: around US$1,300/tonne.
π’ Port-based production can integrate fuel production + storage + transportation + maritime supply, supporting cleaner shipping.
π MUST REMEMBER
Location β Kandla, Gujarat
Port β Deendayal Port Authority
Partners β DPA + APCL
Investment β βΉ2,300 crore
Ratio β 76:24
Phase I β 50 TPD
Phase II β 100 TPD
Inputs β Green Hβ + Captured COβ
Key application β Green shipping fuel
π MAINS QUESTION
βE-methanol can contribute to decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors such as shipping and heavy industry.β Explain its production process and significance for Indiaβs energy transition.
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
π Project
π’ Foundation stone laid for Indiaβs first port-based e-methanol production facility at Deendayal Port Authority (DPA), Kandla, Gujarat.
π’ Joint initiative of DPA + Assam Petro-Chemicals Ltd (APCL).
π’ Total investment: βΉ2,300 crore in a 76:24 contribution ratio.
π Two-Phase Capacity
π’ Phase I: 50 tonnes/day β βΉ1,200 crore
π’ Phase II: 100 tonnes/day β βΉ1,100 crore
π’ The e-methanol will support vessels operating on the AsiaβEurope International Trade Corridor.
π’ The project will also develop a green-fuel ecosystem covering transportation, storage and supply around Kandla.
π What is E-Methanol?
π’ E-methanol is a low-carbon form of methanol produced using renewable energy + captured/recycled COβ.
π’ It can be used as a low-carbon fuel in shipping, besides applications in heavy industry and chemical manufacturing.
π Production Process
π’ 1. Green Hydrogen: Renewable electricity β electrolysis of HβO β Hβ + Oβ.
π’ 2. COβ Capture: COβ captured from industrial sources or directly from air.
π’ 3. Methanol Synthesis: Green hydrogen + captured COβ β catalytic reaction β e-methanol.
π Economic Significance
π’ Expected production cost: around US$750/tonne.
π’ Global rate cited: around US$1,300/tonne.
π’ Port-based production can integrate fuel production + storage + transportation + maritime supply, supporting cleaner shipping.
π MUST REMEMBER
Location β Kandla, Gujarat
Port β Deendayal Port Authority
Partners β DPA + APCL
Investment β βΉ2,300 crore
Ratio β 76:24
Phase I β 50 TPD
Phase II β 100 TPD
Inputs β Green Hβ + Captured COβ
Key application β Green shipping fuel
π MAINS QUESTION
βE-methanol can contribute to decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors such as shipping and heavy industry.β Explain its production process and significance for Indiaβs energy transition.
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