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👉🏻Features:
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UPSC EPFO APFC 2026_VOL 2 (ACCOUNTANCY).pdf
11.2 MB
Accountancy, Auditing,
Insurance, Computer &
Quantitative Aptitude
Insurance, Computer &
Quantitative Aptitude
❤3
🔆 Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)
Subject: Geography (GS-I)
📍 Why in Focus?
✅ With forecasts of a Super El Niño, meteorologists are assessing whether a 1997-like positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) could again offset its adverse impact on the Indian monsoon.
📍 What is the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)?
✅ An ocean-atmosphere phenomenon characterized by the difference in Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) between the western and eastern tropical Indian Ocean.
✅ Also known as the “Indian Niño”.
✅ Plays a crucial role in influencing the Southwest Monsoon.
📍 1997 Example
✅ Despite one of the strongest El Niño events on record, India received 2% above-normal monsoon rainfall.
✅ The surplus rainfall was largely attributed to a strong Positive IOD, which offset El Niño’s drying effect.
📍 Phases of IOD
✅ Positive IOD: Western Indian Ocean warmer; eastern Indian Ocean cooler → Generally strengthens the Indian monsoon.
✅ Negative IOD: Eastern Indian Ocean warmer; western cooler → Weakens the monsoon and increases dry spells.
✅ Neutral IOD: Minimal SST difference between east and west; limited influence on monsoon.
📍 How is IOD Measured?
✅ Measured using the Dipole Mode Index (DMI).
✅ Positive DMI: Western Indian Ocean warmer than eastern.
✅ Negative DMI: Eastern Indian Ocean warmer than western.
✅ Current Status: Neutral IOD.
📍 Impact of IOD
✅ Positive IOD
✅ Enhances Southwest Monsoon over India.
✅ Above-normal rainfall in East Africa.
✅ Drought and bushfires in Indonesia and Australia.
✅ Can partially offset El Niño-induced monsoon deficiency.
✅ Negative IOD
✅ Suppresses monsoon rainfall over India.
✅ Heavy rainfall in Indonesia and Australia.
✅ Drier conditions over East Africa.
✅ Neutral IOD
✅ Near-normal ocean and atmospheric conditions with limited impact on seasonal rainfall.
📍 Current Outlook
✅ IMD forecasts a Neutral IOD during the 2026 monsoon season.
✅ Australian Bureau of Meteorology indicates only a small possibility of a weak Positive IOD during August–September.
✅ If a Positive IOD develops late, it is unlikely to significantly counter a strong El Niño.
📍 UPSC Value Addition
✅ IOD vs El Niño
✅ IOD originates in the Indian Ocean; El Niño originates in the Pacific Ocean.
✅ A Positive IOD can weaken the adverse impact of El Niño on the Indian monsoon, whereas a Negative IOD can amplify drought conditions.
#mains #geography
Subject: Geography (GS-I)
📍 Why in Focus?
✅ With forecasts of a Super El Niño, meteorologists are assessing whether a 1997-like positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) could again offset its adverse impact on the Indian monsoon.
📍 What is the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)?
✅ An ocean-atmosphere phenomenon characterized by the difference in Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) between the western and eastern tropical Indian Ocean.
✅ Also known as the “Indian Niño”.
✅ Plays a crucial role in influencing the Southwest Monsoon.
📍 1997 Example
✅ Despite one of the strongest El Niño events on record, India received 2% above-normal monsoon rainfall.
✅ The surplus rainfall was largely attributed to a strong Positive IOD, which offset El Niño’s drying effect.
📍 Phases of IOD
✅ Positive IOD: Western Indian Ocean warmer; eastern Indian Ocean cooler → Generally strengthens the Indian monsoon.
✅ Negative IOD: Eastern Indian Ocean warmer; western cooler → Weakens the monsoon and increases dry spells.
✅ Neutral IOD: Minimal SST difference between east and west; limited influence on monsoon.
📍 How is IOD Measured?
✅ Measured using the Dipole Mode Index (DMI).
✅ Positive DMI: Western Indian Ocean warmer than eastern.
✅ Negative DMI: Eastern Indian Ocean warmer than western.
✅ Current Status: Neutral IOD.
📍 Impact of IOD
✅ Positive IOD
✅ Enhances Southwest Monsoon over India.
✅ Above-normal rainfall in East Africa.
✅ Drought and bushfires in Indonesia and Australia.
✅ Can partially offset El Niño-induced monsoon deficiency.
✅ Negative IOD
✅ Suppresses monsoon rainfall over India.
✅ Heavy rainfall in Indonesia and Australia.
✅ Drier conditions over East Africa.
✅ Neutral IOD
✅ Near-normal ocean and atmospheric conditions with limited impact on seasonal rainfall.
📍 Current Outlook
✅ IMD forecasts a Neutral IOD during the 2026 monsoon season.
✅ Australian Bureau of Meteorology indicates only a small possibility of a weak Positive IOD during August–September.
✅ If a Positive IOD develops late, it is unlikely to significantly counter a strong El Niño.
📍 UPSC Value Addition
✅ IOD vs El Niño
✅ IOD originates in the Indian Ocean; El Niño originates in the Pacific Ocean.
✅ A Positive IOD can weaken the adverse impact of El Niño on the Indian monsoon, whereas a Negative IOD can amplify drought conditions.
#mains #geography
❤8
#Goodmorning
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#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳230 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳319 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳76 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳62 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳56 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳49 days left Ifos mains 22 November
⏳42 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳24 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳20 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
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🎯 Guidance • Strategy • Selection
🔥 UPPCS Prelims Accelerator Program Anmol Vachan
⚡ Fast-Track Your Prelims Preparation with Daily Targeted Practice!
🎯 WHAT YOU GET:
✅ 40 High-Yield MCQs Daily bot quiz at 8:15 PM ( Sunday off)
✅Build speed, accuracy & question-solving consistency.
✅ 2500+ MCQs
PYQs + Various State PSC Questions + Current Affairs + Static Concepts + UP GK
✅ 60-Day Strong Revision Plan
A structured plan for consistent Prelims preparation.
✅ Detailed Explanations
Understand the concept behind every question.
✅ Daily Doubt Discussion
Clear your doubts and strengthen your weak areas.
✅ Daily Quiz Summary
Quick revision of your performance, mistakes & important concepts.
💥 WHY JOIN?
“Don’t wait until the last month to start solving MCQs.”
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💰 PRE-ENROLMENT OFFER
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⚠️ FIRST 100 ENROLMENTS ONLY
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✅Daily Quiz summary with themes wise arranged CLICK HERE
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Forwarded from CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF CDS NDA
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