🔆 ONE-LINERS | 06 OCTOBER 2026
📚 UPSC Current Affairs | AnmolVachan1

🔆 POLITY & GOVERNANCE
📍 Centres of Excellence for Classical Languages
🟢 Ministry of Education approved 5 Centres of Excellence for studies in Classical Languages.
🟢 Classical Assamese – Tezpur University, Assam.
🟢 Classical Bengali – Visva-Bharati University, West Bengal.
🟢 Classical Marathi – Deccan College Post-Graduate & Research Institute, Pune.
🟢 Classical Pali – Central University of Odisha, Sunabeda.
🟢 Classical Prakrit – Central University of Gujarat, Vadodara.
🟢 Focus: Advanced research, preservation, digitisation and wider dissemination of classical linguistic and literary heritage.

🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES
📍 El Alamein Joint Declaration
🟢 Egypt, Eritrea, Somalia and Sudan issued the declaration at a Quadrilateral Summit in New Alamein City, Egypt.
🟢 Focus: Regional security, state sovereignty, Red Sea governance and water rights.
🟢 Reaffirmed national sovereignty and territorial integrity and opposed external interference.
🟢 Called for Red Sea governance by littoral states while supporting freedom of international navigation in the Gulf of Aden and Bab-el-Mandeb.
🟢 Rejected recognition or support for Somaliland.
🟢 Reaffirmed support for Sudan’s unity and sovereignty.
🟢 Called for respect for international law on transboundary rivers, including the Nile.

📍 Super Intelligence Force – USA
🟢 U.S. President Donald Trump announced a new federal task force to coordinate U.S. AI policy.
🟢 Headed by Director of National Intelligence Jay Clayton.
🟢 Key members include Andrew Ferguson, Emil Michael and Scott Kupor.
🟢 Reports directly to President Trump and White House Chief of Staff Susie Wiles.
🟢 Given 120 days to assess AI-related risks, opportunities and federal responsibilities.
🟢 Proposed terminology change: “Artificial Intelligence/AI” → “Super Intelligence/SI” in official documents.

🔆 ECONOMY
📍 India’s 1st MICE Incentive Portal
🟢 Odisha launched India’s first dedicated MICE incentive portal.
🟢 MICE = Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions.
🟢 Aim: Promote Odisha as a destination for corporate conventions and simplify financial incentive applications.
🟢 Expected to facilitate approvals for MICE events, destination weddings, sports events and cultural heritage ventures.
🟢 Odisha becomes the first Indian state with a dedicated digital mechanism for MICE incentives.

🔆 SECURITY
📍 Exercise Mountain Guardian 2026
🟢 India–UAE joint military exercise commenced at Foreign Training Node, Chaubatia, Uttarakhand.
🟢 Focus: Mountain Warfare, interoperability and mutual understanding.
🟢 Participation: 92 personnel, equally represented by both armies.
🟢 Activities: Tactical drills, firing, surveillance grids, drone operations, rock climbing, obstacle training and field exercises.
🟢 Women officers and combatants from both armies are participating.

📍 Akash Air Defence Missile System
🟢 India has exported Akash to Turkmenistan and Tajikistan, following Armenia as its first foreign customer.
🟢 Indigenous short-range surface-to-air missile system developed by DRDO.
🟢 Manufactured by BDL and BEL.
🟢 Range: 4.5–25 km; engagement altitude: 100 m–20 km.
🟢 Uses command guidance, mobile platforms and ECCM against electronic jamming.
🟢 Can engage multiple aerial targets simultaneously.
🟢 Targets include helicopters, fighter aircraft and UAVs.
🟢 Akash Prime – Designed for high-altitude regions above 4,500 m, with indigenous RF seeker.
🟢 Akash-NG – Features upgraded radar and guidance technologies.

🔆 SPECIES

📍 New Lizard Species – Peru
🟢 New species: Liolaemus archipensis, discovered in Peru’s southern Andes, Arequipa.
🟢 Found at 4,800+ metres altitude.
🟢 Size: Around 6–8 cm.
🟢 Females have square-shaped dorsal spots; males have oblique spots and white scales.
🟢 Diet includes plants and small arthropods such as spiders, beetles and insect larvae.

🔆 SPORTS

📍 Ahmedabad Marathon Joins World Athletics Global Calendar
🟢 Adani Ahmedabad Marathon included in the World Athletics Global Calendar ahead of its 10th edition.
🟢 Performances become eligible for consideration in World Athletics Rankings.
🟢 World Athletics – Global governing body for athletics; 214 Member Federations; headquartered in Monaco.
🟢 Marathon categories: Full Marathon (42.195 km), Half Marathon (21.097 km), 10K and 5K.
🟢 Previous edition attracted 24,000+ runners.
🟢 The race also features the #Run4OurSoldiers initiative honouring India’s Armed Forces.

🔆 MISCELLANEOUS

📍 International Coffee Day 2026
🟢 Observed on 1 October 2026; officially recognised by the UN General Assembly.
🟢 Theme: “Celebrating Coffee, Honouring the People Behind Every Cup.”
🟢 Campaign: “Coffee is Part of the Solution”, led by the International Coffee Organisation (ICO).
🟢 India’s major coffee regions: Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu in the Western Ghats.
🟢 Karnataka contributes roughly 70% of India’s coffee production.
🟢 Emerging regions include Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and the North-Eastern states.

📍 International Day of Non-Violence 2026
🟢 Observed on 2 October, marking the 157th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
🟢 Established by the UN General Assembly on 15 June 2007.
🟢 Promotes peace and non-violence through education and public awareness.
🟢 Symbol: “The Knotted Gun” sculpture by Carl Fredrik Reuterswärd at UN Headquarters.

#CurrentAffairs

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▪️ Government has approved a cap on the margins charged for supply and sale of non-scheduled anti-cancer drugs, limiting them to 30% of the Maximum Retail Price (MRP).

▪️The Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers expects this measure to reduce medicine prices by up to 70%, helping cancer patients save 2,500 crore annually.

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The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the 2026 #NobelPeacePrize to Navanethem “Navi” Pillay for her efforts to promote peace and international law.

🔆 WOMEN IN MODERN INDIA

🔆 BACKGROUND: THE WOMEN’S QUESTION

🟢 In the 19th century, Western observers such as James Mill used the “women’s question” to construct a civilizational critique of India.
🟢 By the 19th century, the ideal of purdah had become widespread among Hindu and Muslim women, across elite and non-elite groups, although its practical implications varied across communities.

🔆 PROMINENT WOMEN REFORMERS & EDUCATIONISTS

📍 1. Tarabai Shinde
🟢 A Marathi woman from Berar who published A Comparison Between Women and Men in 1882.
🟢 Her work challenged gender inequalities and discriminatory social attitudes towards women.

📍 2. Pandita Ramabai
🟢 First woman in India to receive the titles Pandita and Sarasvati after examination by the faculty of the University of Calcutta.
🟢 Founded the Arya Mahila Samaj, which worked for girls’ education and against child marriage.
🟢 Authored Stri Dharma Niti (Morals for Women).
🟢 Testified before the Hunter Commission on Education in India.
🟢 Established Sharda Sadan in Bombay, a home-cum-school for widows.

📍 3. Sister Subbalakshmi
🟢 Recognised for her service to women and girls in the Madras Presidency.
🟢 Awarded the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal in 1920 and the Padma Shri in 1960.

📍 4. Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain
🟢 A Bengali feminist thinker, writer, educator and political activist, widely regarded as a pioneer of women’s liberation in South Asia.
🟢 Founded the Muslim Women’s Association in 1916 to promote women’s education and employment.

🔆 WOMEN, WORK & ECONOMIC CHANGE

📍 1. Changing Social Expectations
🟢 From the late 19th century, increasingly socially mobile peasant families began confining women to household work.
🟢 Women were increasingly idealised as wives and mothers, and household responsibilities were treated as sacred duties rather than economically valuable work.

📍 2. Mechanisation & Loss of Livelihoods
🟢 During the early 20th century, mechanisation led many women engaged in traditional crafts to lose their occupations.
🟢 Women received lower wages than men and were often treated as members of family units rather than independent economic contributors.

🔆 KEY THEMES FOR UPSC

🟢 Social reform: Efforts to challenge child marriage, gender discrimination and restrictions on women.
🟢 Women’s education: Reformers promoted access to education and opportunities for social participation.
🟢 Economic inequality: Women faced occupational displacement, wage discrimination and undervaluation of domestic work.
🟢 Patriarchal norms: Social expectations shaped women’s mobility, employment and family responsibilities.

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UPSC NDA (II) 2026 Written Exam Result Out

Sarex 2026
Nmsar board meeting

Nobel prize in literature 2026

🔆 ONE-LINERS | 07 OCTOBER 2026

🔆 POLITY & GOVERNANCE
📍 Integrated Transport & Logistics Authority (ITLA)
🟢 Union Cabinet approved an SPV named Integrated Transport & Logistics Authority (ITLA) as the national apex body for unified multimodal transport planning and coordination.
🟢 National Transport Master Plan – Long-term blueprint of 10+ years, supported by 5-year sectoral and annual plans.
🟢 Integrates roads, railways, ports, shipping, civil aviation, inland waterways, coastal shipping, urban mobility and logistics.
🟢 Will appraise government infrastructure projects costing ₹500 crore or more.
🟢 Plans a unified national transport data repository integrating GSTN, FASTag, Vahan and GPS data.

🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES
📍 India–EFTA Trade & Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA)
🟢 TEPA completed its first anniversary on 1 October 2026, having entered into force on 1 October 2025.
🟢 EFTA members: Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.
🟢 Investment commitment: USD 100 billion over 15 years.
🟢 Target: 1 million direct jobs in India.
🟢 EFTA covers 92.2% of tariff lines, while India covers 82.7%, protecting sensitive sectors such as dairy and agriculture.
🟢 Cooperation is expanding beyond trade into defence production, civil nuclear energy and AI governance.

🔆 HEALTH
📍 Cervavac – WHO-Prequalified HPV Vaccine
🟢 Cervavac, developed by Serum Institute of India, received WHO prequalification.
🟢 India’s first indigenously developed gender-neutral quadrivalent HPV vaccine.
🟢 Targets HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18.
🟢 Indicated for girls and boys aged 9–26 years.
🟢 Developed with support from DBT, BIRAC, IARC and Gates Foundation.
🟢 Nationally launched on 24 January 2023.

📍 World Cerebral Palsy Day 2026
🟢 Observed on 6 October 2026.
🟢 Theme: “Unique and United” (#UniqueANDUnited).
🟢 Focus: Inclusive education, assistive technology, lifelong healthcare and accessible public spaces.
🟢 Awareness colour: Green.
🟢 Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent neurological disorders affecting movement, muscle tone and posture due to early brain injury.

📍 eSanjeevani – 50 Crore Teleconsultations
🟢 India’s national telemedicine service crossed 50 crore (500 million) teleconsultations on 15 September 2026.
🟢 Covers all 36 States and UTs.
🟢 Supports 1.42 lakh+ Ayushman Arogya Mandir spokes, 19,473 medical hubs and 901 online OPDs.
🟢 Has 2.41 lakh+ registered healthcare providers and operates in 15 languages.
🟢 Women account for 57.14% of utilisation.
🟢 Integrated with AI-CDSS and linked with ERSS-112.
🟢 Specialist teleconsultations have begun at AIIMS Jodhpur, Jammu and Patna.

🔆 ENVIRONMENT
📍 Japanese Sparrowhawk
🟢 A rare Japanese sparrowhawk (Tachyspiza gularis) was spotted at Adyar Estuary, Chennai.
🟢 The sighting represents one of the few records of the species on the Indian mainland.
🟢 Family: Accipitridae.
🟢 Breeds in Japan, Korea, eastern China and parts of Russia and winters in Southeast Asia.
🟢 Urban green spaces such as Adyar Estuary, Theosophical Society and Guindy National Park act as important refuges for vagrant birds.

🔆 DEFENCE
📍 First Indigenous Fleet Support Ship – INS Surya
🟢 Defence Minister Rajnath Singh launched India’s first indigenous Fleet Support Ship (FSS-1) INS Surya at Hindustan Shipyard Limited, Visakhapatnam.
🟢 Dimensions: 223.6 m long × 31.5 m wide; displacement around 43,500 tonnes.
🟢 Top speed: 20 knots; designed for missions of up to 60 days.
🟢 Capacity: 20,000 tonnes diesel, 2,500 tonnes aviation turbine fuel and 1,000 tonnes fresh water.
🟢 Features maintenance workshops, helicopter deck and self-defence systems.
🟢 Part of a ₹19,000-crore contract for five FSS vessels.
🟢 Indigenous content: around 82%.
🟢 Keel for the fifth ship (FSS-5) was also laid.

📍 High-Altitude Platform System (HAPS)
🟢 DRDO successfully tested an indigenous HAPS, reaching 21 km altitude and sustaining 20 km for over 30 minutes.
🟢 Developed by ADRDE, Agra, as a lighter-than-air stratospheric platform.
🟢 Equipped with IMU, GPS, cameras and altitude-control systems.
🟢 Supported by IAF, CEMILAC, DGCA and AAI.
🟢 Strengthens India’s capability in long-endurance high-altitude platforms.

📍 Advanced High-Altitude Parachute (AHAP)
🟢 DRDO conducted the maiden live jump of AHAP at Mudh Drop Zone, Nyoma, Ladakh.
🟢 Jump conducted from 16,000 ft AMSL; parachute deployed at 15,500 ft.
🟢 Designed and developed by ADRDE, Agra; manufactured by Ordnance Parachute Factory, Kanpur.
🟢 Operational altitude range: up to 18,000 ft.
🟢 Static-line parachute designed for mass deployment of paratroopers.
🟢 Strengthens India’s indigenous high-altitude military capability.

🔆 SPORTS
📍 Pranavi Urs – Asian Games 2026
🟢 Pranavi Urs became the first Indian woman golfer to win an individual Asian Games gold medal.
🟢 Age: 23 years; from Mysuru.
🟢 Score: 15-under 265 over four rounds.
🟢 Won by one stroke over the silver and bronze medalists.
🟢 India also won silver in the women’s team event with Aditi Ashok and Diksha Dagar.
🟢 Ended India’s 24-year wait for an individual Asian Games golf gold since 2002.

🔆 MISCELLANEOUS
📍 World Architecture Day 2026
🟢 Observed on 5 October 2026, the first Monday of October.
🟢 Theme: “Housing is a Human Right. Build It.”
🟢 Organised by the International Union of Architects (UIA).
🟢 Focus: Safe, adequate and affordable housing as a fundamental element of human dignity.
🟢 Architects and planners were encouraged to address housing deficits through inclusive design, research, policy advocacy and reuse of existing buildings.
🟢 Aligned with UN World Habitat Day, whose 2026 theme was “Adequate Housing for All.”

#CurrentAffairs

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🔆 PARTITION OF BENGAL (1905)

🔆 BACKGROUND
🟢 Bengal was an extensive province of 189,000 square miles, with a population of nearly 8 crore.
🟢 It included Bengali-, Hindi-, Oriya- and Assamese-speaking regions. Calcutta was also the capital of British India.
🟢 Lord Curzon proposed partition, citing administrative convenience, but nationalists viewed it as an attempt to weaken Bengali nationalism and divide people along religious lines.

🔆 PARTITION: 16 OCTOBER 1905
🟢 Western Bengal: Included western Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, with Calcutta as its capital. Bengalis became a linguistic minority within this enlarged province.
🟢 Eastern Bengal and Assam: Had a population of approximately 3.1 crore, with Dhaka as its capital and a Muslim majority.

🔆 OBJECTIVES & NATIONALIST RESPONSE
🟢 Administrative justification: To improve the administration of an excessively large province.
🟢 Political motive: To weaken Bengali political influence by dividing Bengalis between two administrations.
🟢 Divide and rule: The partition was widely perceived as an attempt to deepen Hindu–Muslim divisions.
🟢 Nationalist opposition: Indian nationalists condemned the partition, triggering the Anti-Partition and Swadeshi Movements.

🔆 ANNULMENT OF PARTITION: 1911
🟢 Following sustained protests, the partition was annulled in 1911.
🟢 Bihar and Orissa were separated into a distinct province, while Assam became a separate province.
🟢 The capital of British India was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi.

🔆 SIGNIFICANCE
🟢 Strengthened the Swadeshi Movement and the boycott of British goods.
🟢 Marked a major phase of mass political mobilisation against colonial rule.
🟢 Demonstrated how colonial administrative decisions could intensify nationalist resistance.

🔆 MAINS QUESTION
📍 GS Paper I – Modern Indian History

“ The Partition of Bengal in 1905 was not merely an administrative reorganisation but a turning point in Indian nationalism.” Examine.

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1 October editorial summary

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Exercise VARUNA
✅24th edition of VARUNA -Indian Navy & French Navy.
✅INS Trishul -Toulon, France on 22 September 2026.
✅Includes harbour and sea-based professional engagements, cross-deck visits and operational interactions.