*✍️India’s Transition to E25 Ethanol Blending*

*✍️ Why in News?*
♟️ The government is considering a graded transition from E20 to E25 petrol, while addressing concerns over vehicle compatibility, mileage and consumer readiness.

*✍️ Key Highlights*
♟️ Ethanol has a lower calorific value than petrol, leading to a drop in fuel economy, especially in older vehicles.
♟️ Due to its hygroscopic nature (absorbs moisture), higher ethanol blends may increase the risk of corrosion and affect engine components.
♟️ Higher blends offer benefits such as a higher octane number, lower emissions and reduced dependence on imported crude oil.

*✍️ Challenges*
♟️ Existing vehicles may require engine recalibration, material compatibility upgrades and fresh homologation for E25.
♟️ A rushed transition could impose higher costs on consumers and automobile manufacturers.

*✍️Way Forward*
♟️ Adopt a phased transition, strengthen BIS standards, promote flex-fuel vehicles, and ensure adequate stakeholder consultations before nationwide rollout.

*#UPSC #UPSCmains*
*#Economy* *#Environment*