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Geography-2023-p1.pdf
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Strategy to Prepare for UPSC CSE IAS, Civil Services Examination, UPSC Prelims and Mains #upsc #cse
Strategy to Prepare for UPSC CSE IAS, Civil Services Examination, UPSC Prelims and Mains #upsc #cse #ias #ips #statepcs #psc #prelims #mains #civilservices #education #history #geography #Polity #economics
#upsc #cse #ias #ips #psc #prelims #civilservices…
#upsc #cse #ias #ips #psc #prelims #civilservices…
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Strategy to Prepare for UPSC CSE IAS, Civil Services Examination, UPSC Prelims and Mains #upsc #cse
Strategy to Prepare for UPSC CSE IAS, Civil Services Examination, UPSC Prelims and Mains #upsc #cse #ias #ips #statepcs #psc #prelims #mains #civilservices #education #history #geography #Polity #economics
#upsc #cse #ias #ips #psc #prelims #civilservices…
#upsc #cse #ias #ips #psc #prelims #civilservices…
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
https://youtu.be/4I3hYlwkIAI?si=ZydzM-LAsERDU-JY
📌 Trick to Remember West Flowing River of INDIA:- SABARMATI, SARAWATI, MAHI, Narmada, Tapti, Tawa, Luni👆👆
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Trick to Remember West Flowing River of INDIA:-SABARMATI, SARAWATI, MAHI, Narmada, Tapti, Tawa, Luni
Trick to Remember West Flowing River of INDIA:- SABARMATI, SARAWATI, MAHI, Narmada, Tapti, Tawa, Luni
#upsc #cse #ias #ips #psc #prelims #civilservices #upscprelims #statepsc #upscexam #iasexam #upscpreparationtips #iasprelims
#upsccurrentaffairs #iaspreparation…
#upsc #cse #ias #ips #psc #prelims #civilservices #upscprelims #statepsc #upscexam #iasexam #upscpreparationtips #iasprelims
#upsccurrentaffairs #iaspreparation…
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Strategy to Prepare for UPSC CSE IAS, Civil Services Examination, UPSC Prelims and Mains #upsc #cse
Strategy to Prepare for UPSC CSE IAS, Civil Services Examination, UPSC Prelims and Mains #upsc #cse #ias #ips #statepcs #psc #prelims #mains #civilservices #education #history #geography #Polity #economics
#upsc #cse #ias #ips #psc #prelims #civilservices…
#upsc #cse #ias #ips #psc #prelims #civilservices…
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
https://youtu.be/bDyC6VNBK28?si=D7XvmZ1SaqcTQ0sQ
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Trick to remember Countries bordering Arctic Ocean : Arctic Council : Arctic Region Countries
Trick to remember Countries bordering Arctic Ocean ： Arctic Council ： Arctic Region Countries #upsc #cse #ias #ips #psc #prelims #civilservices #upscprelims #cseprelims #statepsc #upscexam #iasexam #upscpreparationtips #iasprelims #geography
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#upsccurrentaffairs…
✔️ Main Points👇
#UPSC #Prelims #Mains #Geography
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Forwarded from UPSC Previous Year Papers
Geography .pdf
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geography paper 2.pdf
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL PAPER-1.pdf
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Civil Services Mains 2025
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Geography Optional Paper 1st
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
Geology paper 2.pdf
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Civil Services Mains 2025
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Geography Optional Paper 2nd
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Geography Optional Paper 2nd
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geog optional paper 2.pdf
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Civil Services Mains 2025
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Geography Optional Paper 2nd
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Dead Sea*
♟️The Dead Sea, also known as the Salt Sea, is a saline lake in southwestern Asialocated between Jordan and Israel.
♟️It lies to the east of the Mediterranean Sea and south of the Sea of Galilee.
♟️It lies in the Jordan Rift Valley, and its main tributary is the Jordan River.
♟️It is deepest Hypersaline Lake in the world.
♟️To the west of the Dead Sea, the Judaean Mountains rise less steeply and are much lower than the mountains to the East.
♟️It is located at an elevation of 5 meters below sea level, making it the Earth’s lowest land-based feature.
♟️ *Salinity* The Dead Sea is one of the Earth’s saltiest water bodies, almost ten times saltier than ordinary seawaters. It has a salinity of 34.2%.
♟️It is the fourth saltiest body of water in the world, ranking behind Antarctica’s Don Juan Pond and Lake Vanda, and Djibouti’s Lake Assal.
♟️The Dead Sea has one main inlet (the Jordan River) but does not have an outlet and so loses its water mainly through evaporation.
♟️The high saline level and the harsh climate make the lake devoid of life, except for algae and other microorganisms.
♟️It has a density of 1.240 kg/L, which makes swimming in its waters similar to floating.
#Geography
♟️The Dead Sea, also known as the Salt Sea, is a saline lake in southwestern Asialocated between Jordan and Israel.
♟️It lies to the east of the Mediterranean Sea and south of the Sea of Galilee.
♟️It lies in the Jordan Rift Valley, and its main tributary is the Jordan River.
♟️It is deepest Hypersaline Lake in the world.
♟️To the west of the Dead Sea, the Judaean Mountains rise less steeply and are much lower than the mountains to the East.
♟️It is located at an elevation of 5 meters below sea level, making it the Earth’s lowest land-based feature.
♟️ *Salinity* The Dead Sea is one of the Earth’s saltiest water bodies, almost ten times saltier than ordinary seawaters. It has a salinity of 34.2%.
♟️It is the fourth saltiest body of water in the world, ranking behind Antarctica’s Don Juan Pond and Lake Vanda, and Djibouti’s Lake Assal.
♟️The Dead Sea has one main inlet (the Jordan River) but does not have an outlet and so loses its water mainly through evaporation.
♟️The high saline level and the harsh climate make the lake devoid of life, except for algae and other microorganisms.
♟️It has a density of 1.240 kg/L, which makes swimming in its waters similar to floating.
#Geography
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Tropical Rain Destabilises Oceans Only When Light*
*💎Key Findings*
♟️Scientists earlier believed rain makes the ocean’s surface more buoyant (due to freshwater being lighter)
♟️New study (Univ. of Washington, July 2025) finds light rain destabilises the ocean, but heavy rain stabilises it
*💎Mechanism*
♟️Rain in tropics often comes with cold pools (cold, dry air + clouds)
♟️These cool the surface, block sunlight & transfer heat to air
♟️Thus, heavier rain makes surface cooler and more stable
♟️Light rain (0.2–4 mm/hr) increases mixing, while heavy rain = negative buoyancy flux (surface stays more stable)
*💎Additional Observations*
♟️Rainfall at night destabilises oceans more than during the day
♟️Researchers identified:
*⚜️Cold Rain Zone* (W. Pacific & Indian Ocean): High heat loss
*⚜️Hot Rain Zone* (Central Pacific): Less heat loss
*💎Impact on Climate*
♟️Ocean mixing affects carbon, heat, nutrient transport
♟️Rainfall dynamics influence weather and climate models
♟️Study highlights risk of prediction errors due to simplistic assumptions.
#Geography
*💎Key Findings*
♟️Scientists earlier believed rain makes the ocean’s surface more buoyant (due to freshwater being lighter)
♟️New study (Univ. of Washington, July 2025) finds light rain destabilises the ocean, but heavy rain stabilises it
*💎Mechanism*
♟️Rain in tropics often comes with cold pools (cold, dry air + clouds)
♟️These cool the surface, block sunlight & transfer heat to air
♟️Thus, heavier rain makes surface cooler and more stable
♟️Light rain (0.2–4 mm/hr) increases mixing, while heavy rain = negative buoyancy flux (surface stays more stable)
*💎Additional Observations*
♟️Rainfall at night destabilises oceans more than during the day
♟️Researchers identified:
*⚜️Cold Rain Zone* (W. Pacific & Indian Ocean): High heat loss
*⚜️Hot Rain Zone* (Central Pacific): Less heat loss
*💎Impact on Climate*
♟️Ocean mixing affects carbon, heat, nutrient transport
♟️Rainfall dynamics influence weather and climate models
♟️Study highlights risk of prediction errors due to simplistic assumptions.
#Geography
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Classification of Rocks*
*♟️Igneous Rocks:-*
Granite,
Basalt,
Diorite.
*♟️Metamorphic Rocks:-*
Gneiss (from Granite),
Marble (from Limestone),
Quartzite (from Silica),
Graphite (from Coal).
*♟️Sedimentary Rocks:-*
Limestone,
Sandstone,
Coal.
#Geography
*♟️Igneous Rocks:-*
Granite,
Basalt,
Diorite.
*♟️Metamorphic Rocks:-*
Gneiss (from Granite),
Marble (from Limestone),
Quartzite (from Silica),
Graphite (from Coal).
*♟️Sedimentary Rocks:-*
Limestone,
Sandstone,
Coal.
#Geography
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️The Types of Mountain*
💎 *Based on Mode of Origin*
♟️ *Volcanic Mountains* Formed by the eruption of magma from the Earth's crust, creating peaks like those in Hawaii and Fiji.
♟️ *Fold Mountains* Created by the collision and folding of tectonic plates, such as the Himalayas and the Andes.
♟️ *Block Mountains* Formed by faulting and the movement of large blocks of the Earth's crust, leading to raised or dropped sections, like the Sierra Nevada.
♟️ *Dome Mountains* Created by magma pushing the Earth's crust upward, forming a dome-like structure, often exposed after erosion like Black Hills (US).
♟️ *Plateau Mountains* These mountains resemble dome mountains but are formed by colliding tectonic plates pushing up the land, shaped by weathering and erosion.
💎 *Based on Period of Origin*
♟️ *Precambrian Mountains* Precambrian mountains are ancient ranges formed during the Precambrian era (4.6 billion to 541 million years ago).
They have experienced extensive erosion and metamorphism over billions of years, leaving behind residual formations (e.g., Aravallis in India).
♟️ *Caledonian Mountains* Formed around 430 million years ago (e.g., Appalachians).
♟️ *Hercynian Mountains* These mountains originated from the Carboniferous to Permian Period (approximately 340 million years and 225 million years) (e.g., Ural Mountains).
♟️ *Alpine Mountains* The youngest mountain systems formed during the Tertiary period(66 million years ago) (e.g., Himalayas, Alps).
#Geography
💎 *Based on Mode of Origin*
♟️ *Volcanic Mountains* Formed by the eruption of magma from the Earth's crust, creating peaks like those in Hawaii and Fiji.
♟️ *Fold Mountains* Created by the collision and folding of tectonic plates, such as the Himalayas and the Andes.
♟️ *Block Mountains* Formed by faulting and the movement of large blocks of the Earth's crust, leading to raised or dropped sections, like the Sierra Nevada.
♟️ *Dome Mountains* Created by magma pushing the Earth's crust upward, forming a dome-like structure, often exposed after erosion like Black Hills (US).
♟️ *Plateau Mountains* These mountains resemble dome mountains but are formed by colliding tectonic plates pushing up the land, shaped by weathering and erosion.
💎 *Based on Period of Origin*
♟️ *Precambrian Mountains* Precambrian mountains are ancient ranges formed during the Precambrian era (4.6 billion to 541 million years ago).
They have experienced extensive erosion and metamorphism over billions of years, leaving behind residual formations (e.g., Aravallis in India).
♟️ *Caledonian Mountains* Formed around 430 million years ago (e.g., Appalachians).
♟️ *Hercynian Mountains* These mountains originated from the Carboniferous to Permian Period (approximately 340 million years and 225 million years) (e.g., Ural Mountains).
♟️ *Alpine Mountains* The youngest mountain systems formed during the Tertiary period(66 million years ago) (e.g., Himalayas, Alps).
#Geography
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Tropical Mansoon Climate*
*💎Distribution*
♟️Some parts of world experience seasonal winds like land and sea breezes but on larger scale.
♟️These are Tropical monsoon lands with on-shore wet monsoons in summer and off-shore dry monsoons in winter.
♟️Best developed in Burma,Thailand, Laos,Cambodia,parts of vietnam and south china.
*💎Climatic Conditions*
♟️In summer sun is overhead at the tropic of cancer, the land masses of northern hemisphere heated.
♟️A low pressure is set up in Central asia.
♟️At the same time Southern hemisphere experiences a winter and a region of high pressure created.
♟️Winds blows outwards as the south - east monsoon and after crossing the equator are drawn towards continental low pressure area reaching Indian sub-continent.
*💎Seasons Of Tropical Mansoon Climate*
♟️Cool, dry season. ( oct to Feb )
♟️Hot dry season. ( March to mid june )
♟️Rainy season ( mid - june to September)
#Geography
*💎Distribution*
♟️Some parts of world experience seasonal winds like land and sea breezes but on larger scale.
♟️These are Tropical monsoon lands with on-shore wet monsoons in summer and off-shore dry monsoons in winter.
♟️Best developed in Burma,Thailand, Laos,Cambodia,parts of vietnam and south china.
*💎Climatic Conditions*
♟️In summer sun is overhead at the tropic of cancer, the land masses of northern hemisphere heated.
♟️A low pressure is set up in Central asia.
♟️At the same time Southern hemisphere experiences a winter and a region of high pressure created.
♟️Winds blows outwards as the south - east monsoon and after crossing the equator are drawn towards continental low pressure area reaching Indian sub-continent.
*💎Seasons Of Tropical Mansoon Climate*
♟️Cool, dry season. ( oct to Feb )
♟️Hot dry season. ( March to mid june )
♟️Rainy season ( mid - june to September)
#Geography