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📰 Current Affairs Capsules for Prelims 2026 | Polity 🏛️📜

🏛 Topic: Anti-Defection Law (Tenth Schedule)

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*🛡️BRITISH CONQUEST OF BENGAL*

♟️British exports from Bengal: Saltpetre, Rice, Indigo, Pepper, Sugar and Silk, Cotton Textiles. (Bengalcomprised 60% of EIC trade with India.)

♟️Factories were set up in Balasore, Hooghly, Kasim bazar, Patna and Dacca.

♟️1717:- British secured royal Farman for Emperor Farrukh Siyar for trade (export import) in Bengal a right to issue Dastaks (free passes for trading) for movement of such goods issued. (Dastaks were cause of perpetual conflict).

♟️Alivardi Khan was engaged in wars with Maratha for 15 years.

♟️British strengthened their entrenchment in Fort Williams.

♟️Alivardi Khan died in 1756 a succeeded by Siraj-ud-Daula.

♟️Internal tussle and opposition of Siraj ud daulah in the court.

♟️Important Rulers:- Murshid Quli Khan (first Diwan of Bengal) a Shujauddin a Alivardi Khan (stopped paying tributes to The Mughals).

#Polity
🛡️ *AMENDING ACT 1781*

♟️This act was passed to rectify the defects of Regulating act of 1773.

♟️It exempted Governor-General and the council from the jurisdiction of Supreme court.

♟️It excluded the Revenue matters from the Jurisdiction of Supreme court.

♟️It provided that Supreme court will Have jurisdiction all over Calcutta.

♟️Appeals from Provincial court could be taken to Governor-General-in-council and not to Supreme court.

♟️Governor general now empowered to frame regulations for Provincial courts and council.

#Polity
🛡️ *Freedom to manage religious affairs (Article 26)*

♟️Every religious denomination or its sections has the freedom to manage its own affairs
♟️It can establish and maintain institutions for religions and charitable purposes
♟️It can own and acquire movable and immovable property
♟️It has the right to administer such property in accordance with laws
♟️ *Article 25* individual rights
♟️ *Article 26* Protects collective freedom of religion.
♟️ *Reasonable restrictions* public order, morality and health

#Polity
*🛡️Retired Judge*

♟️At any time, the chief justice of India can request a retired judge of the Supreme Court or a retired judge of a high court (who is duly qualified for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court) to act as a judge of the Supreme Court for a temporary period.

♟️He can do so only with the previous consent of the president and also of the person to be so appointed.

♟️Such a judge is entitled to such allowances as the president may determine.

♟️He will also enjoy all the jurisdiction, powers and privileges of a judge of Supreme Court. But, he will not otherwise be deemed to be a judge of the Supreme Court.

#Polity