Question 01:

Answer: b

Tomato flu was detected in Kerala.
Tomato Flu
• Tomato Flu is a common kind of viral infection in India, wherein children below five years of age experience fever, usually accompanied by rashes, skin irritation, and dehydration.
• The flu causes blisters on several parts of the infected child’s body, which are generally red in colour, and thus it is called “tomato flu” or “tomato fever”.
• Symptoms: High fever; Rashes; Skin irritation, and skin color change in hands and legs; Blisters; Dehydration; Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; Cough, cold; Fatigue and body pain.
• The symptoms of Tomato Fever mainly include red rashes, almost the size of tomatoes, skin irritation and signs of dehydration on the tongue.
Following are detailed list of Tomato Fever Symptoms-
• High fever
• Body aches
• Joint swelling
• Fatigue
• Rashes of the size of tomatoes
Tomato Fever Prevention & Treatment
• Tomato Fever is not severe and can be treated but proper care needs to be given to the infected children.
Following are Tomato Fever preventive measures:
• Parents should immediately consult a nearby doctor if their child shows any of the above symptoms.
• The infected children are advised to stay hydrated by drinking a lot of boiled water.
• Do not scratch the blisters or rashes.
• Maintain proper cleanliness and hygiene.
• Take bath using warm water.
• Avoid close contact with the infected person.
• Take proper rest to avoid the long-lasting effects of the fever.

Question 02:

Answer: C

Both the statements are correct. RAN is a key part of a mobile network system that uses cellular radio connections to link individual devices to other parts of a network. It comprises antennae which transmit and receive signals to and from our smartphones or other compatible devices. The signal is then digitized in the RAN-base station and connected to the network. About Open RAN Currently, RAN is provided as an integrated platform of both hardware and software. Therefore, it is difficult to mix vendors for the radio and baseband unit and in most cases, they come from the same supplier. The idea of Open RAN is to change this. It aims to enable a multi-supplier RAN solution that allows for the separation - or disaggregation - between hardware and software.
Radio Access Network (RAN):
• It is the part of a telecommunications system that connects individual devices to other parts of a network through radio connections.
• A RAN resides between user equipment, such as a mobile phone, a computer or any remotely controlled machine, and provides the connection with its core network.
• As a technical matter this is what the industry refers to as a disaggregated RAN.
Elements of RAN:
• The Radio Unit (RU) is where the radio frequency signals are transmitted, received, amplified and digitized. The RU is located near, or integrated into,the antenna.
• The Distributed Unit (DU) is where the real-time, baseband processing functions reside. The DU can be centralized or located near the cell site.
• The Centralized Unit (CU) is where the less time-sensitive packet processing functions typically reside.
Functioning of Open RAN:
• It is the interface between the RU, DU and the CU that are the main focus of Open RAN.
• By opening and standardizing these interfaces (among others in the network), and incentivizing implementation of the same, networks can be deployed with a more modular design without being dependent upon a single vendor.
• Making these changes can also allow the DU and CU to be run as virtualized software functions on vendor-neutral hardware.
Traditional RAN:
• In a traditional RAN system, the radio, hardware and software are proprietary.
• This means that nearly all of the equipment comes from one supplier and that operators are unable to, for example, deploy a network using radios from one vendor with hardware and software from another vendor.

Question 01: Consider the following statements regarding the Association of Asian Election Authorities (AAEA):

1. The mission is to provide a non-partisan forum in Asia to promote open and transparent elections in the member countries.

2. India is the founding member and current chair, it has both signed and ratified the charter of the Association.

3. Non-Asian countries such as Papua New Guinea are also part of the association.

Question 02: With reference to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), consider the following statements:

1. The fifteenth session of the Conference of the Parties (COP15) of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is being held in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

2. The COP15 theme is ‘Land. Life. Legacy: From scarcity to prosperity'.

Question 02:

Answer: c

Explanation:
Both statements are correct.
• Union Minister for Environment, Bhupender Yadav delivered National Statementat the 15th Session of the Conference of Parties (COP) of United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in Cote d'Ivoire.
• The fifteenth session of the Conference of the Parties (COP15) of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is being held in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, from 9 to 20 May 2022.
• The COP15 theme, ‘Land. Life. Legacy: From scarcity to prosperity', is a call to action to ensure land, the lifeline on this planet, continues to benefit present and future generations.
• Several global developments indicate support to the objectives of UNCCD, such as the launch of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030) that aims at halting and reversing ecosystem degradation and loss.
• The importance placed on increasing area, connectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems is visible in the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.
• For the first time, an Intergovernmental Working Group (IWG) on effective policy and implementation measures for addressing drought under the United Nations Convention for Combating Desertification (UNCCD) was established by decision 23/COP.14. India held the 14th COP in Delhi in 2019.

Question 01:

Answer: a

India elected as Chair of the Association of Asian Election Authorities (AAEA) for 2022-24.
Association of Asian Election Authorities (AAEA)
• The Association of Asian Election Authorities (AAEA) was conceived to promote and institutionalize open and transparent elections, and independent and impartial election authorities.
• It also helps in the professionalization of Asian election authorities, citizen participation in the electoral and civic process, information sharing, and the development of resources for election-related information and research.
• Papua New Guinea is part of Maritime Southeast Asia and is a member.
• India is the founding member; it has both signed and ratified the charter of the association.
• The mission is to provide a nonpartisan forum for the exchange of information among election authorities to discuss and act on ways to promote open and transparent elections with the objective of supporting good governance and democracy.
About:
• Commission on Elections, Manila was the current chair of AAEA. The new member in the Executive Board now includes Russia, Uzbekistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Taiwan and Philippines.
• In pursuance of the resolution passed by participants of the Symposium on Asian Elections in the Twenty First Century held from January 26-29, 1997 in Manila, Philippines, the Association of Asian Election Authorities (AAEA) was established in 1998.
• Currently 20 Asian EMBs are members of AAEA.
• Election commission of India (ECI) is a founder member EMB of the AAEA and also served on the Executive Board of the AAEA as the Vice Chair during 2011-13 and Chair during 2014-16.
• The mission of the Association of Asian Election Authorities is to provide a non-partisan forum in the Asian region for sharing experiences and best practices among election authorities.
• AAEA is also an Associate Member of the 118 member Association of World Election Bodies (A-WEB).

Question 01: Consider the following statements regarding Protected Mobility Vehicles (PMV):

1. It has ballistic protection and is unaffected by grenade and mine blasts, used in high-altitude and desert areas.

2. It is manufactured by DRDO in collaboration with the Israel defense ministry.