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Complications of multiple pregnancy:

Hydramnios (poly)
Intrauterine growth restriction
Preterm labour
APH
Pre-eclampsia
Abortion

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Pheochromocytoma (rule of 10’s):

10% extra-abdominal
10% malignant
10% bilateral
10% in children
BUT 30% genetic/syndromic!

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Folate deficiency causes:

Alcoholism
Folic acid antagonists
OCP
Low dietary intake
Infection (giardiasis)
Coeliac disease
Dilantin (phenytoin)
Relative folate deficiency
Old
Pregnancy

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Reversible causes of cardiac arrest:

Hypovolaemia
Hypoxia
H+ (acidosis)
Hypothermia
Hypoglycaemia
Hypokalaemia
Hyperkalaemia
Tension pneumothorax
cardiac Tamponade
Thrombosis (PE/MI)
Toxins

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Features of Marfan’s syndrome:


Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic dissection/ Aortic aneurysm
Regurgitant aortic valve
Retinal detachment
Fibrillin-1 mutation
Arm span > height / Arachnodactyly
Near-sighted
Nasal voice (high-arched palate)
Scoliosis
Subluxated lens
pectus escavatum

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The signs and symptoms of Kawasaki:

Conjunctivitis (non-purulent)
Rash
Adenopathy (cervical and commonly unilateral)
Strawberry tongue
Hands (palmar erythema/swelling)
fever lasting at least 5 days or more

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APGAR score components:

Appearance: cyanosis--peripheral, central, none
Pulse: pulse rate
Grimace: response to stimulation
Activity: movement of the baby (muscle tone)
Respiration: respiratory rate

Vitamin toxicities:

neonatal Excess vitamin A: Anomalies (teratogenic)
Excess vitamin E: Enterocolitis (necrotizing enterocolitis)
Excess vitamin K: Kernicterus (hemolysis)

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Post-operative fever causes
Six W's:
Wind: pulmonary system is primary source of fever first 48 hours, may
have pneumonia
Wound: infection at surgical site
Water: check IV for phlebitis
Walk: deep venous thrombosis, due to pelvic pooling or restricted
mobility related to pain and fatigue
Whiz: urinary tract infection if urinary catheterization
Wonder drugs: drug-induced fever

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Suicide risk screening
SAD PERSONS scale:

Sex (Male - Completion, Female - Attempt)
Age (Adolescent or Elderly)
Depression
Previous attempt
Ethanol abuse
Rational thinking loss
Social support problems
Organised plan
No spouse
Sickness (chronic illness)

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Methotrexate: This is the best-tolerated and most widely used DMARD

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Splenectomy is the best treatment For: Hereditary spherocytosis.

Clinical distinction between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

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Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) differential:

Abruptio placentae
Placenta previa
Hemorrhage from the GU tract

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Herpes zoster medications:

Acyclovir
Asprin
Amitriptyline (low dose TCA to reduce neurlagia)
Antibiotics if needed for secondary infection.

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Oralpharangeal cancers etiology:
6 S's

Smoking
Spicy food
Syphilis
Spirits [booze]
Sore tooth
Sepsis
· Also bezel nuts.

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Rheumatic fever
Jones 5 major criteria:

Subcutaneous nodules
Pancarditis
Arthritis
Chorea
Erythema Marginatum

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Femoral triangle boundaries:

Sartorius
Aductor longus
Inguinal Ligament

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Muscles of respiration:

Diaprahm
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Quadratus