Horner syndrome:

🔺Miosis.

🔺Anhydrosis.

🔺Ptosis.

Gilbert’s Syndrome:
Mild decrease in glucuronyltransferase activity.

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome:
Complete deficiency of glucuronyltransferase.

Both cause abnormal metabolism of bilirubin❗️

Gallstones Types:

1️⃣Cholesterol (20%):
Occur either as solitary, two stones, or as multiple mulberry stones associated with a strawberry gallbladder.

2️⃣Bile pigment (5%):
Small, black, irregular, multiple, gritty and fragile.

3️⃣Mixed (75%):
Multiple. The cut surface is laminated with alternate dark and light zones of pigment and cholesterol respectively.

🔴

Retroperitoneal structures (SAD PUCKER):

Suprarenal glands.
Aorta & IVC.
Duodenum (2nd through 4th parts).
Pancreas (except tail).
Ureters.
Colon (descending & ascending).
Kidneys.
Esophagus (thoracic portion).
Rectum (partially).

Poor Prognostic Indicators in Rheumatoid Arthritis:

▪️High RF titers.

▪️Subcutaneous nodules.

▪️Erosive arthritis.

▪️Autoantibodies to RF.

🔴

5Ps of Compartment Syndrome:

Pain.

Paresthesia.

Pallor.

Pulselessness.

Poikilothermia.

Pulmonary Hypertension:
It is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure >25 mmHg at rest. Normal mean pulmonary artery pressure is 12–15 mmHg❗️

🔹Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms🔹

Storage Sx (FUND)
Frequency
Urgency
Nocturia
Dysuria

Voiding Sx (SHED)
Stream changes
Hesitancy
Incomplete Emptying
Dribbling

🔴

Rotator cuff muscles: (SItS)

Supraspinatus.

Infraspinatus.

teres minor.

Subscapularis.

Wilson's disease:
🔸It is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. There is a deficiency of caeruloplasmin protein, which binds copper, resulting in copper deposition in various organs, especially in the liver and the basal ganglia in the brain.

Typical Anginal Chest Pain:

🔸Substernal.

🔸Worse with exertion.

🔸Better with rest or nitroglycerin.

⬆️AST & ALT: Think hepatocellular injury.
AST > ALT: alcohol-related.
ALT > AST: viral, drug, toxin.

⬆️ALP & GGT: Think biliary tree obstruction.

🔴

Cellulitis:
Non-suppurative infection of skin and subcutaneous tissues. (indistinct borders)

Erysipelas:
Acute skin infection that is more superficial than cellulitis. (sharp borders)

Barrett Esophagus:
🔹Specialized intestinal metaplasia-Replacement of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with intestinal epithelium (nonciliated columnar with goblet cells) in distal esophagus.
🔹Due to chronic gastroesophageal reflux (GERD).
🔹Associated with ⬆️ risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.