Which complement pathway is initiated by antigen-antibody complexes?
Anonymous Quiz
39%
A) Classical pathway
30%
B) Lectin pathway
26%
C) Alternative pathway
5%
D) None
Which CBC parameter represents the average hemoglobin content per red blood cell?
Anonymous Quiz
23%
A) MCV
60%
B) MCH
10%
C) MCHC
8%
D) RDW
Which CBC pattern most often suggests iron deficiency anemia?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
A) Macrocytosis with high MCV
75%
B) Microcytosis with low MCV and low MCHC
11%
C) Normocytic normochromic
2%
D) Hypersegmented neutrophils on smear
Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) is used to detect what?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
A) Antiplatelet antibodies
83%
B) Antibodies or complement bound to red cells in vivo
3%
C) Soluble immune complexes
2%
D) Hemoglobins that indicate hemolysis
Which sequence correctly describes the Gram staining procedure steps?
Anonymous Quiz
65%
A) Crystal violet, iodine, decolorization, counterstain
22%
B) Crystal violet, counterstain, iodine, decolorization
13%
C) Iodine, crystal violet, decolorization, counterstain
0%
D) Decolorization, crystal violet, iodine, counterstain
Which medium is selective for Gram-negative bacteria and differential for lactose fermentation?
Anonymous Quiz
16%
A) Mannitol salt agar
79%
B) MacConkey agar
2%
C) Blood agar
3%
D) Sabouraud dextrose agar
Which statement about enzyme activity units is correct?
Anonymous Quiz
75%
A) U is the unit name; IU is the international unit
20%
B) U and IU are identical units
5%
C) U stands for micro units
0%
D) IU is always larger than U
What effect does hemolysis have on serum potassium measurement?
Anonymous Quiz
22%
A) Decreases
60%
B) Increases
3%
C) No effect
14%
D) Depends on instrument
In an indirect ELISA, what is measured as the readout?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
A) Bound antigen
12%
B) Bound enzyme activity
83%
C) Bound antibody detected via enzyme-labeled secondary antibody
0%
D) Labeled peptide
Which statement best describes agglutination inhibition?
Anonymous Quiz
52%
A) Presence of soluble antigen prevents lattice formation
26%
B) Antibody excess prevents agglutination
6%
C) Bacteria cause agglutination
17%
D) Cross-linking reagent inhibits agglutination
Which fixative is most commonly used for routine histology?
Anonymous Quiz
89%
A) Formalin (formaldehyde)
7%
B) Acetone
2%
C) Bouin's solution
2%
D) Methanol
FNAC sample adequacy depends on presence of what?
Anonymous Quiz
58%
A) Adequate cellular material
33%
B) Tissue architecture
2%
C) Color
6%
D) Inflammation
Which phase of the lab workflow is most associated with pre-analytical errors?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
A) Analysis
79%
B) Pre-analytical
8%
C) Post-analytical
1%
D) Post-processing
A positive urine nitrite test most strongly indicates the presence of which organism type?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
A) Gram-positive cocci
38%
B) Gram-negative rods
16%
C) Yeasts
26%
D) All bacteria equally
In forward ABO typing, a patient with type A blood will show agglutination with which reagent?
Anonymous Quiz
50%
A) Anti-A only
23%
B) Anti-B only
25%
C) Both anti-A and anti-B
3%
D) Neither
The primary purpose of pretransfusion crossmatch is to detect what?
Anonymous Quiz
17%
A) ABO typing
73%
B) Alloantibodies against donor RBCs in recipient
7%
C) Infectious disease risk
4%
D) Donor hemoglobin concentration
What is the most common cause of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Anonymous Quiz
46%
A) ABO incompatibility
33%
B) Allergic reaction to plasma proteins
15%
C) Febrile non-hemolytic reaction
6%
D) Non-immune hemolysis due to infusion rate
What is the primary purpose of calibration in a clinical instrument?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
A) To measure sample concentration
80%
B) To adjust instrument output to a known standard
6%
C) To validate reagent shelf life
2%
D) To record instrument usage
Which Westgard rule is commonly used to detect a random error when a control value falls outside ±2 SD?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
A) 1s
52%
B) 2s
19%
C) 4s
19%
D) R4s
Which PPE is most appropriate when handling cytotoxic drugs in the laboratory?
Anonymous Quiz
4%
A) Lab coat only
89%
B) Gloves, lab coat, eye protection, and, if needed, a respirator
5%
C) No PPE required
2%
D) Hairnet only