5. Consider the following statements
1) Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease.
2) Like smallpox, monkeypox is completely eradicated globally..
1) Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease.
2) Like smallpox, monkeypox is completely eradicated globally..
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
79%
A) 1 only
5%
B) 2 only
13%
C) Both 1 and 2
4%
D) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: A
Explanation
● Monkeypox, or mpox is caused by the monkeypox virus which belongs to the
orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family.
○ The orthopoxvirus genus of viruses also includes the variola virus, which causes
smallpox, and vaccinia virus, which was used in the smallpox vaccine.
● Monkeypox causes symptoms similar to smallpox, although they are less severe.
● While vaccination eradicated smallpox worldwide in 1980, monkeypox continues to
occur in a swathe of countries in Central and West Africa, and has on occasion showed up
elsewhere. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
● Transmission, when it occurs, can be through contact with bodily fluids, lesions on the
skin or on internal mucosal surfaces, such as in the mouth or throat, respiratory
droplets and contaminated objects.
Zoonotic disease
● Monkeypox is a zoonosis, that is, a disease that is transmitted from infected animals to
humans. Hence statement 1 is correct.
● According to the WHO, cases occur close to tropical rainforests inhabited by animals
that carry the virus. Monkeypox virus infection has been detected in squirrels, Gambian
pouched rats, dormice, and some species of monkeys.
● Human-to-human transmission is limited in nature.
● According to the WHO, the proportion of patients who die has varied between 0 and
11% in documented cases, and has been higher among young children.
● There is no safe, proven treatment for monkeypox yet. The WHO recommends
supportive treatment depending on the symptoms. Awareness is important for prevention
and control of the infection.
Explanation
● Monkeypox, or mpox is caused by the monkeypox virus which belongs to the
orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family.
○ The orthopoxvirus genus of viruses also includes the variola virus, which causes
smallpox, and vaccinia virus, which was used in the smallpox vaccine.
● Monkeypox causes symptoms similar to smallpox, although they are less severe.
● While vaccination eradicated smallpox worldwide in 1980, monkeypox continues to
occur in a swathe of countries in Central and West Africa, and has on occasion showed up
elsewhere. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
● Transmission, when it occurs, can be through contact with bodily fluids, lesions on the
skin or on internal mucosal surfaces, such as in the mouth or throat, respiratory
droplets and contaminated objects.
Zoonotic disease
● Monkeypox is a zoonosis, that is, a disease that is transmitted from infected animals to
humans. Hence statement 1 is correct.
● According to the WHO, cases occur close to tropical rainforests inhabited by animals
that carry the virus. Monkeypox virus infection has been detected in squirrels, Gambian
pouched rats, dormice, and some species of monkeys.
● Human-to-human transmission is limited in nature.
● According to the WHO, the proportion of patients who die has varied between 0 and
11% in documented cases, and has been higher among young children.
● There is no safe, proven treatment for monkeypox yet. The WHO recommends
supportive treatment depending on the symptoms. Awareness is important for prevention
and control of the infection.
1. The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) has the authority to
Answer: A
Explanation
● The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 aims to provide for protection of the interests of
consumers and for the said purpose, to establish authorities for timely and effective
administration and settlement of consumers' disputes.
● The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) was to be set up by the central
government to promote, protect and enforce the rights of consumers. It will regulate
matters related to violation of consumer rights, unfair trade practices, and misleading
advertisements.
● The CCPA may impose a penalty on a manufacturer or an endorser of up to Rs 10 lakh and
imprisonment for up to two years for a false or misleading advertisement. In case of a
subsequent offense, the fine may extend to Rs 50 lakh and imprisonment of up to five years.
Explanation
● The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 aims to provide for protection of the interests of
consumers and for the said purpose, to establish authorities for timely and effective
administration and settlement of consumers' disputes.
● The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) was to be set up by the central
government to promote, protect and enforce the rights of consumers. It will regulate
matters related to violation of consumer rights, unfair trade practices, and misleading
advertisements.
● The CCPA may impose a penalty on a manufacturer or an endorser of up to Rs 10 lakh and
imprisonment for up to two years for a false or misleading advertisement. In case of a
subsequent offense, the fine may extend to Rs 50 lakh and imprisonment of up to five years.
2. Which of the following organizations is responsible for declaring a Public Health
Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)?
Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)?
Answer: C
Explanation
● A Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) is a formal declaration by
the World Health Organization (WHO) under the International Health Regulations
(IHR), 2005.
● The PHEIC is defined as an "extraordinary event" that constitutes a public health risk to
other States through the international spread of disease, and potentially requires a
coordinated international response.
● The purpose of declaring a PHEIC is to alert the global community about an event that poses
significant health risks across countries and requires immediate international cooperation
to manage the situation.
● Examples of PHEIC declarations include the COVID-19 pandemic (2020), Ebola
outbreaks (2014, 2019), the Zika virus outbreak (2016), and recently Mpox.
Explanation
● A Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) is a formal declaration by
the World Health Organization (WHO) under the International Health Regulations
(IHR), 2005.
● The PHEIC is defined as an "extraordinary event" that constitutes a public health risk to
other States through the international spread of disease, and potentially requires a
coordinated international response.
● The purpose of declaring a PHEIC is to alert the global community about an event that poses
significant health risks across countries and requires immediate international cooperation
to manage the situation.
● Examples of PHEIC declarations include the COVID-19 pandemic (2020), Ebola
outbreaks (2014, 2019), the Zika virus outbreak (2016), and recently Mpox.
3. The National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG) operates under which of the following
ministries?
ministries?
Answer: C
Explanation
● The National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG) was set up in 2014 by the Government of
India as an apex–level autonomous institution under the Ministry of Personnel, Public
Grievances and Pensions.
● The Centre traces its origin to the National Institute of Administrative Research (NIAR),
which was set up in 1995 by the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration
(LBSNAA), the Government of India's topmost training institute for civil services. NIAR was
subsequently rechristened and subsumed into NCGG.
● NCGG deals with a gamut of governance issues from local, state to national levels, across
all sectors.
● The Centre is mandated to work in the areas of governance, policy reforms, capacity
building and training of civil servants and technocrats of India and other developing
countries. It also works as a think tank.
● Since its inception, the Centre has been extensively working in areas such as primary and
elementary education, decentralized planning at district and block levels, capacity building
of Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs), participatory models of learning and action, rural
development, cooperatives, and public sector management, etc.
● In addition, it focuses on issues related to good governance, social accountability, water,
sanitation and hygiene (WASH), among other sectors.
● The affairs of the NCGG are managed under the overall superintendence and direction of the
Governing Body, which is headed by the Cabinet Secretary.
Explanation
● The National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG) was set up in 2014 by the Government of
India as an apex–level autonomous institution under the Ministry of Personnel, Public
Grievances and Pensions.
● The Centre traces its origin to the National Institute of Administrative Research (NIAR),
which was set up in 1995 by the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration
(LBSNAA), the Government of India's topmost training institute for civil services. NIAR was
subsequently rechristened and subsumed into NCGG.
● NCGG deals with a gamut of governance issues from local, state to national levels, across
all sectors.
● The Centre is mandated to work in the areas of governance, policy reforms, capacity
building and training of civil servants and technocrats of India and other developing
countries. It also works as a think tank.
● Since its inception, the Centre has been extensively working in areas such as primary and
elementary education, decentralized planning at district and block levels, capacity building
of Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs), participatory models of learning and action, rural
development, cooperatives, and public sector management, etc.
● In addition, it focuses on issues related to good governance, social accountability, water,
sanitation and hygiene (WASH), among other sectors.
● The affairs of the NCGG are managed under the overall superintendence and direction of the
Governing Body, which is headed by the Cabinet Secretary.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Anonymous Quiz
9%
A. 1 and 2 only
69%
B. 1, 2, and 3 only
11%
C. 2, 3, and 4 only
11%
D. 1, 2, 3, and 4
4. Which of the following features is emphasized in PM SHRI Schools?
1. Pedagogy based on the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
2. Inclusive and joyful learning environment
3. Green and energy-efficient infrastructure
4. Only vocational training for students
1. Pedagogy based on the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
2. Inclusive and joyful learning environment
3. Green and energy-efficient infrastructure
4. Only vocational training for students
Answer: B
Explanation
● Last year, the Central Government launched a new initiative - PM SHRI Schools (PM
ScHools for Rising India).
● This is a new centrally sponsored scheme for upgradation and development of more
than 14500 Schools across the country by strengthening the selected existing schools
from amongst schools managed by Central Government/ State/ UT Government/ local
bodies.
● PM SHRI Schools will showcase all components of the National Education Policy 2020 and
act as exemplar schools and also offer mentorship to other schools in their vicinity.
Objectives
● The aim of these schools will not only be qualitative teaching, learning and cognitive
development, but also creating holistic and well-rounded individuals equipped with
key 21 st century skills.
● Pedagogy adopted in these schools will be more experiential, holistic, integrated, play/toy-
based (particularly, in the foundational years) inquiry-driven, discovery-oriented, learner-
centred, discussion-based, flexible and enjoyable.
● These schools will be equipped with modern infrastructure including labs, smart
classrooms, libraries, sports equipment, art room etc. which is inclusive and accessible.
● These schools shall also be developed as green schools with water conservation, waste
recycling, energy-efficient infrastructure and integration of organic lifestyle in curriculum.
Explanation
● Last year, the Central Government launched a new initiative - PM SHRI Schools (PM
ScHools for Rising India).
● This is a new centrally sponsored scheme for upgradation and development of more
than 14500 Schools across the country by strengthening the selected existing schools
from amongst schools managed by Central Government/ State/ UT Government/ local
bodies.
● PM SHRI Schools will showcase all components of the National Education Policy 2020 and
act as exemplar schools and also offer mentorship to other schools in their vicinity.
Objectives
● The aim of these schools will not only be qualitative teaching, learning and cognitive
development, but also creating holistic and well-rounded individuals equipped with
key 21 st century skills.
● Pedagogy adopted in these schools will be more experiential, holistic, integrated, play/toy-
based (particularly, in the foundational years) inquiry-driven, discovery-oriented, learner-
centred, discussion-based, flexible and enjoyable.
● These schools will be equipped with modern infrastructure including labs, smart
classrooms, libraries, sports equipment, art room etc. which is inclusive and accessible.
● These schools shall also be developed as green schools with water conservation, waste
recycling, energy-efficient infrastructure and integration of organic lifestyle in curriculum.
5. The Munda Rebellion, led by Birsa Munda, primarily took place in which of the following regions?
choose the correct answer
Anonymous Quiz
81%
A. Chotanagpur Plateau
6%
B. Western Ghats
8%
C. Vindhya Range
4%
D. Eastern Ghats
Answer: A
Explanation
● Birsa Munda (1875–1900) was a religious leader and folk hero from the Munda Tribe of
the Chhota Nagpur Plateau area.
● He spearheaded a tribal religious movement named Munda Rebellion/Ulgulan/ Great
Tumult that arose in the tribal belt of modern-day Bihar and Jharkhand in the late 19th
century, as a response to the oppressive policies of the British such as new land settlement
systems.
○ Though the movement was suppressed by the British, it led to the enactment of the
Tenancy Act (1903) which recognised the khuntkhatti system.
■ 'Khuntkatti' system is joint ownership or holding of land by tribal lineage.
● He encouraged the tribals to follow the Birsa Raj and to not comply with colonial laws
and rent payments. He encouraged tribals to understand their cultural roots and observe
unity.
● Birsa started the faith of Birsait. The religion believed in One God and encouraged tribals
who had converted to other religions to revert to their original religious beliefs.
● In 2021, Government of India had declared that the birth anniversary (15th November)
of Bhagwan Birsa Munda will be celebrated as Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas.
Explanation
● Birsa Munda (1875–1900) was a religious leader and folk hero from the Munda Tribe of
the Chhota Nagpur Plateau area.
● He spearheaded a tribal religious movement named Munda Rebellion/Ulgulan/ Great
Tumult that arose in the tribal belt of modern-day Bihar and Jharkhand in the late 19th
century, as a response to the oppressive policies of the British such as new land settlement
systems.
○ Though the movement was suppressed by the British, it led to the enactment of the
Tenancy Act (1903) which recognised the khuntkhatti system.
■ 'Khuntkatti' system is joint ownership or holding of land by tribal lineage.
● He encouraged the tribals to follow the Birsa Raj and to not comply with colonial laws
and rent payments. He encouraged tribals to understand their cultural roots and observe
unity.
● Birsa started the faith of Birsait. The religion believed in One God and encouraged tribals
who had converted to other religions to revert to their original religious beliefs.
● In 2021, Government of India had declared that the birth anniversary (15th November)
of Bhagwan Birsa Munda will be celebrated as Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas.