#️⃣#Continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/ #verb


1️⃣[intransitive and transitive] ➡️ to not stop happening, existing, or doing something ⇨ continuous, continual, discontinue

🔘continue to do something

💥Sheila continued to work after she had her baby.
💥He will be continuing his education in the US.
💥I felt too sick to continue.

🔘continue unabated/apace/unchecked (=continue at the same high speed or level)

💥The flood of refugees continued unabated.

🔘continue with

💥He was permitted to continue with his work while in prison.

🔘continue for

💥The strike continued for another four weeks.

🔘continue doing something

💥Most elderly people want to continue living at home for as long as they can.

2️⃣[intransitive and transitive] ➡️ to start again, or start doing something again, after an interruption SYN resume:

💥After a brief ceasefire, fighting continued.
💥Rescue teams will continue the search tomorrow.

🔘continue doing something

💥He picked up his book and continued reading.

3️⃣[intransitive] ➡️ to go further in the same direction

🔘continue down/along/into etc

💥We continued along the road for some time.
💥The road continues northwards to the border.

4️⃣[intransitive] ➡️ to stay in the same job, situation etc

🔘continue as

💥Miss Silva will continue as publishing director.

5️⃣[intransitive and transitive] ➡️ to say more after an interruption:

💥‘And so,’ he continued, ‘we will try harder next time.’

6️⃣to be continued ➡️ used at the end of part of a story, a television show etc to tell people that the story has not finished yet


#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
📕@PMPerfect1
📗@VocabularyBoosterESL

📚#Thesaurus:

🔄 to continue doing something

⚪️continue ▶️ to not stop doing something that you are already doing:

✨We need the money to continue our work.
✨They continued arguing for a long time.
✨Despite all the warnings, many people continue to smoke.
✨Sometimes she just couldn’t see the point of continuing.
✨My teacher advised me to continue with my studies.

⚪️go on (also carry on especially #British_English) ▶️ to continue doing something. Go on is less #formal than continue, and is the phrase that people usually use in #everyday_English:

✨Dan went on talking but she was no longer listening.
✨He carried on with his day job. ✨Sheehan has carried on with her campaign.

⚪️keep (on) doing something [not in progressive] ▶️ to continue doing something for a long time – especially so that you feel tired or annoyed:

✨We kept on walking until we got to the top of the hill.
✨The man kept staring at me.

⚪️persevere /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪə, ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə $ ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪr/ ▶️ to continue trying to do something in a very patient and determined way, in spite of difficulties. Persevere sounds rather #formal:

✨He didn’t know any English, but he persevered and became a good student.
✨Her health was rapidly declining but she persevered with her duties.
✨Stevenson persevered in his efforts to discover what had really happened.
✨Children today seem less willing to seek out challenges and persevere in the face of adversity.


#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
📕@PMPerfect1
📗@VocabularyBoosterESL

🔄 to continue to happen

⚪️continue ▶️ to happen without stopping:

✨The good weather seems likely to continue.
✨Unless there are serious negotiations, the fighting will continue.
✨Some people have lost work, and this will continue to happen until the computer system is fixed.
✨The review process is expected to continue for several weeks.

⚪️last ▶️ to continue – use this to say how long something continues for:

✨I know my good luck won’t last forever.
✨It’s not certain how long the ceasefire will last.
✨The trial lasted for six days.
✨The meeting lasted until lunchtime.
✨The training period lasted from July 2 to August 25.

⚪️go on ▶️ to continue, especially for a long time:

✨Disputes between neighbours can go on for years.

⚪️carry on #British_English ▶️ to continue, especially when there are problems:

✨The game carried on despite the injury of two players.

⚪️drag on ▶️ to continue for much longer than necessary or for longer than you want:

✨The meeting dragged on for another hour.
✨The talks dragged on, with no apparent hope of achieving a peaceful solution.

⚪️persist #formal ▶️ if something bad persists, it continues to exist or happen:

✨See your doctor if the symptoms persist.
✨If adverse weather conditions persist, the game will be cancelled.


#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
📕@PMPerfect1
📗@VocabularyBoosterESL

#️⃣#Period /ˈpɪəriəd $ ˈpɪr-/ BrE AmE #noun [countable]


📚#Thesaurus:

🔘a period in history

⚪️period ▶️ a particular time in history, especially one studied as a subject:

✨the late Victorian period
✨the interwar period
✨During that period many people moved from the countryside to the towns.

⚪️time ▶️ a period of years, months, days etc:

✨The 1960s were a time of great social change.
✨the biggest earthquake in modern times
✨Verdun was an important city in Roman times.

⚪️age ▶️ a long period, especially one that represents a particular stage in the development of civilization or technology:

✨the industrial age
✨We are now in the age of the Internet.
✨the Stone Age (=when people used tools made of stone)

⚪️era ▶️ a long period that has a particular character or that is marked by particular events:

✨We live in an era of breathtaking change.
✨the post-war era
✨De Gaulle’s death marked the end of an era.

⚪️epoch /ˈiːpɒk $ ˈepək/ #formal ▶️ means the same as era, but sounds more formal and important:

✨We are now entering a new epoch in human history.
✨the colonial epoch
✨It was the end of an epoch.


#Ielts_vocabulary
@PMPerfect1
@VocabularyBoosterESL

🔴Don’t You Dare #idiom
لا تجرؤ!


✨Meaning:

Saying “don’t you dare” is a way of telling someone not to do something, and if they do, you will be angry or annoyed at them.

✨Usage:

The idiom is often used in a humorous, half-serious way but can be used seriously. The intention depends on the context, facial expressions, and body language of the person using the expression.

✨Examples:

🔹“Don’t you dare track mud into this house,” said mom.(half-serious)

🔹“I think I’ll eat your lunch, it looks tasty, said Rick. “Don’t you dare touch my lunch,” said Vicky, laughing.(humorous)

🔹“Don’t you dare go to the press over this,” said Mr. Perry. “Not if you want to keep your job!”(serious)


#idioms
@PMPerfect1

#️⃣#Experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns $ -ˈspɪr-/ #noun


1️⃣KNOWLEDGE/SKILL [uncountable] ➡️ knowledge or skill that you gain from doing a job or activity, or the process of doing this

🔘experience of/in/with

💥You’ve got a lot of experience of lecturing.
💥my experience in many areas of the music business
💥He had no previous experience of managing a farm.
💥The advice in the booklet reflects the practical experience we have gained (=experience gained by actually doing something, rather than knowledge from books etc).
💥I had some experience in fashion design.
💥She was turned down on the grounds of lack of experience.
💥I have first-hand experience (=experience gained by doing something myself) of running a school.

🔘gain/get experience

💥The programme enables pupils to gain some experience of the world of work.

2️⃣KNOWLEDGE OF LIFE [uncountable] ➡️ knowledge that you gain about life and the world by being in different situations and meeting different people, or the process of gaining this

🔘in sb’s experience

💥In his experience, women did not like getting their feet wet and muddy.

🔘know/learn/speak from experience

💥Being a parent isn’t easy, as I know from experience.
💥All animals appear to have some capacity to learn from experience.
💥I speak from bitter experience (=having learnt something because something unpleasant happened).

🔘personal/previous/past experience

💥From personal experience, she knew and understood the problems of drugs addiction.

🔘experience shows/suggests that

💥Beth’s experience suggests that people don’t really change deep down.

3️⃣SOMETHING THAT HAPPENS [countable] ➡️ something that happens to you or something you do, especially when this has an effect on what you feel or think:

💥childhood experiences

🔘experience of/with

💥This was my first experience of living with other people.

🔘experience for

💥Failing an exam was a new experience for me.
💥I had a similar experience last year.
💥The two children in this story have been through a lot of bad experiences.
💥Parachuting is quite an experience.

🔘memorable/unforgettable experience

💥This romantic evening cruise is a memorable experience.

4️⃣the black/female/Russian etc experience ➡️ events or knowledge shared by the members of a particular society or group of people:

💥No writer expresses the black experience with such passion as Toni Morisson.

5️⃣work experience #British_English ➡️ a system in which a student can work for a company in order to learn about a job, or the period during which a student does this:

💥Ella is about to do work experience with a clothing manufacturer.

🔘on work experience

💥students on work experience


#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
📕@PMPerfect1
📗@VocabularyBoosterESL

📙experience BrE AmE #verb [transitive]

1️⃣if you experience a problem, event, or situation, it happens to you or affects you

🔘experience problems/difficulties

💥Many old people will experience problems as the result of retirement.

💥Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them.

2️⃣to feel a particular emotion, pain etc:

💥Many women experience feelings of nausea during pregnancy.


#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
📕@PMPerfect1
📗@VocabularyBoosterESL

Dearest creature in creation,
Study English pronunciation.
I will teach you in my verse
Sounds like corpse, corps, horse, and worse.
I will keep you, Suzy, busy,
Make your head with heat grow dizzy.
Tear in eye, your dress will tear.
So shall I! Oh hear my prayer.
Just compare heart, beard, and heard,
Dies and diet, lord and word,
Sword and sward, retain and Britain.
(Mind the latter, how it’s written.)
Now I surely will not plague you
With such words as plaque and ague.
But be careful how you speak:
Say break and steak, but bleak and streak;
Cloven, oven, how and low,
Script, receipt, show, poem, and toe.
Hear me say, devoid of trickery,
Daughter, laughter, and Terpsichore,
Typhoid, measles, topsails, aisles,
Exiles, similes, and reviles;
Scholar, vicar, and cigar,
Solar, mica, war and far;
One, anemone, Balmoral,
Kitchen, lichen, laundry, laurel;
Gertrude, German, wind and mind,
Scene, Melpomene, mankind.
Billet does not rhyme with ballet,
Bouquet, wallet, mallet, chalet.
Blood and flood are not like food,
Nor is mould like should and would.
Viscous, viscount, load and broad,
Toward, to forward, to reward.
And your pronunciation’s OK
When you correctly say croquet,

#Pronunciation
@PMPerfect1

English culture lesson:
Using the word 'dear'
By Paul

Dear is a common form of address in Iran, also in Pakistan I understand, which has a Persian history. They also do it in India, which, although English is an official language they have their own unwritten cultural and etiquette rules. I believe the reason 'dear' is used is because of the use of joon and jan in Persian as a term of endearment to a friend. Although dear may be the closest direct translation of joon, the two words don't have identical meanings because, to native English ears, dear has many sub-meanings and inferences. It is a word loaded with innuedo. It is a very dangerous word to use to native speakers and best avoided if you are not sure of the rules.

We do use dear in English speaking countries but we use it very carefully indeed because it can easily cause offence.

When used as an adjective it is often OK, especially in formal discussions and letters. Examples: My dear friend Ali is here. Dear Ali, it is so nice to see you. It is definitely the correct form of address at the start of a formal letter.

When used as a noun it can often be offensive and is best avoided. It is likely to be considered patronising. Examples: Hello dear. Yes dear. Thank you dear. If a man addresses a woman in this way it suggests (to her) that he considers her stupid and brainless. Men should NEVER call another man dear in this way, it is a mark of homosexuality. For a women calling another woman dear, or calling a man dear, it is less of a problem.

To sum up: If you want to be safe only use 'Dear' at the start of a formal letter - Dear Sir/Madam - or when you want to annoy your spouse - Yes dear. On all other occasions you will be walking on dangerous ground.

#Culture
@PMPerfect1

📙#Field BrE AmE #verb [transitive]
يوفِد ؛ يُرسِل

1️⃣if you field a team, an army etc, they represent you or fight for you in a competition, election, or war:

💥The Ecology Party fielded 109 candidates.

💥We fielded a team of highly talented basketball players.

2️⃣to answer questions, telephone calls etc, especially when there are a lot of them or the questions are difficult:

💥The Minister fielded questions on the Middle East.

💥The press office fielded numerous calls from the media.

3️⃣be fielding ➡️ the team that is fielding in a game of cricket or baseball is the one that is throwing and catching the ball, rather than the one hitting it OPP be batting

4️⃣if you field the ball in a game of cricket or baseball, you stop it after it has been hit


#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
📕@PMPerfect1
📗@VocabularyBoosterESL

⭐️Love OF, Love FOR⭐️

📕When the thing that one loves is something nonpersonal, ⏩it is usually indicated by OF: love of money, love of music, love of the countryside, his love of a particular joke, etc.

📗When it is a person that is loved, both OF and FOR are idiomatic. The tendency is ⏩to use OF when love means 'the fact of loving' ('It was his love of Hero that drove Lender to swim the Hellespont') and ⏩FOR when love means 'affection' (a parent's love for his children, the love of a man for a maid).

#Prepositions
@PMPerfect

#️⃣#Policy /ˈpɒləsi, ˈpɒlɪsi $ ˈpɑː-/ BrE AmE #noun


📚#Thesaurus:

⚪️plan ▶️ a set of actions for achieving something in the future, especially a set of actions that has been considered carefully and in detail:

✨Leaders outlined a plan to end the fighting.

⚪️plot/conspiracy ▶️ a secret plan to do something bad or illegal, made by a group of people:

✨There was a plot to assassinate the President.

✨a terrorist conspiracy

⚪️scheme #British_English ▶️ an official plan that is intended to help people:

✨The government has introduced a new scheme to help young people find work.

⚪️strategy ▶️ a carefully designed plan which is intended to achieve a particular purpose over a long period of time:

✨the company’s business strategy

✨The government’s economic strategy has been criticized by many experts.

✨We need to develop effective strategies for combating the sale of counterfeit goods.

⚪️initiative ▶️ a new plan for dealing with a particular problem or for achieving a particular aim:

✨a peace initiative

✨a major new initiative to tackle street crime

⚪️policy ▶️ a plan that members of a government, political party, company etc agree on, that states how they intend to deal with a particular subject or problem:

✨the government’s immigration policy

✨It’s company policy to allow people to work from home.

⚪️programme #British_English, program #American_English ▶️ a series of activities that a government or organization organizes, which aims to achieve something important and will continue for a long time:

✨a five-year programme which will create 2000 new jobs

✨federal programs for low-income housing


#Ielts_vocabulary
@PMPerfect1
@VocabularyBoosterESL

🔴Alternate 🆚 Alternative


🔹Alternative means 'different', 'instead', 'on the other hand'.

✨We will make an alternative arrangement if these plans don't suit you.

✨I had to go. There was no alternative.

🔹Alternate means 'every second' or 'in turns'.

✨He only comes to work on alternate days.


#Perfect_your_sentences
@PMPerfect1

🔹Essential American Idioms🔹


⭐️#ACCOMPLISHMENT:


✨Have come a long way
▶️ to have accomplished much; to have advanced much.

🔻My, how famous you are. You've come a long way.

🔻Tom has come a long way in a short time.

✨Let well enough alone AND leave well enough alone
▶️ to leave things as they are (and not try to improve them).

🔻There isn't much more you can accomplish here. Why don't you just let well enough alone.

🔻This is as good as I can do. I'll stop and leave well enough alone.

✨Make a dent in something
▶️ to begin to consume or accomplish something. (#Informal.)

🔻Bob, you've hardly made a dent in your dinner!

🔻There is a lot of rice left. We hardly made a dent in it all week.

🔻Get busy! You haven't even made a dent in your work.

✨Make a go of it
▶️ to make something work out all right. (#Informal.)

🔻It's a tough situation, but Ann is trying to make a go of it.

🔻We don’t like living here, but we have to make a go of it.

✨Make the grade
▶️ to be satisfactory; to be what is expected. (#Informal.)

🔻I'm sorry, but your work doesn't exactly make the grade.

🔻This meal doesn't just make the grade. It is excellent.

✨Put something over
▶️ to accomplish something.

🔻This is a very hard thing to explain to a large audience. I hope I can put it over.

🔻This is a big request for money. I go before the board of directors this afternoon, and I hope I can put it over.

✨Reach one's stride AND hit one's stride
▶️ to do something at one's best level of ability.

🔻When I reach my stride, things will go faster, and I'll be more efficient.

🔻Now that I've hit my stride, I can work more efficiently.

✨Square someone or something away
▶️ to get someone or something arranged properly taken care of.

🔻See if you can square Bob away in his new office.

🔻Please square away the problems we discussed earlier.

✨What's done is done.
▶️ It is final and in the past.

🔻It's too late to change it now. What's done is done.

🔻What's done is done. The past cannot be altered.

✨Work (one's way) into something
▶️ to (literally or figuratively) squeeze into something.

🔻Ann worked her way into the club, and now she's a member in good standing.

🔻The skunk worked its way into the hollow log.


#Thematic_Dictionary
#Essential_American_Idioms
@PMPerfect1

✨Why do we write “number” as “no.” when the letter “o” is not present in the word at all⁉️🤔


#Why?
@PMPerfect1

#️⃣#likely /ˈlaɪkli/ BrE AmE #adjective

• comparative: likelier
• superlative: likeliest

1️⃣something that is likely will probably happen or is probably true OPP unlikely:

💥Snow showers are likely tomorrow.

🔘likely outcome/effects/consequences etc

💥What are the likely effects of the law going to be?

💥the most likely cause of the problem

🔘likely to do/be something

💥Children who live in the country’s rural areas are very likely to be poor.

🔘more/less/most/least likely

💥Young drivers are far more likely to have accidents than older drivers.

💥It is more than likely (=almost certain) the votes will have to be counted again.

💥It could have been an accident, but that was hardly likely (=not very likely).

💥He could offer no likely explanation when I asked him.

2️⃣[only before noun] ▶️ suitable for a particular purpose:

💥the three most likely candidates for president

💥One likely source of energy is wind power.

3️⃣a likely story #spoken ▶️ used to tell someone you do not believe what they have just said


#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@VocabularyBoosterESL
@PMPerfect1