#️⃣#Behave /bɪˈheɪv/ #verb


💢behave towards

🔹I think he behaved disgracefully towards you.

💢behave like

🔹grown men behaving like schoolboys

💢behave as if/though

🔹He was a little boy, but he behaved as if he was an adult.

💢(also behave yourself) ➡️ to not do things that annoy or offend people OPP misbehave:

🔹Will you children please behave!

🔹I hope Nicholas behaved himself at the party.

💢well-behaved/badly-behaved

🔹a badly-behaved class

💢[always + adverb / preposition] ➡️ if something behaves in a particular way, it does those things:

🔹Quantum mechanics is the study of the way atoms behave.


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#️⃣#Calm /kɑːm $ kɑːm, kɑːlm/ (also calm down) #verb [intransitive and transitive]

1️⃣to become quiet and relaxed after you have been angry, excited, nervous, or upset, or to make someone become quiet and relaxed:

🔹He tried to calm the frightened children.

🔹Calm down and tell me what happened.

🔹We tried to calm people’s fears.

💢calm yourself (down)

🔹She lit a cigarette to calm herself down.

2️⃣if a situation calms down, it becomes easier to deal with because there are fewer problems and it is not as busy as it was before:

🔹It took months for things to calm down after we had the baby.


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#️⃣#Concern /kənˈsɜːn $ -ɜːrn/ #verb [transitive]

1️⃣[not in passive] ➡️ if a story, book, report etc concerns someone or something, it is about them:

🔹This study concerns couples’ expectations of marriage.

🔹The report concerns the drug traffic on the Mexican–US border.

2️⃣to make someone feel worried or upset:

🔹Issues like food additives do concern me.

3️⃣[not in passive] ➡️ if an activity, situation, rule etc concerns you, it affects you or involves you:

🔹The tax changes will concern large corporations rather than small businesses.

4️⃣concern yourself with/about something #formal ➡️ to become involved in something because you are interested in it or because it worries you:

🔹He told them not to concern themselves about him.

🔹He loved his wife, and concerned himself with her needs and desires.

5️⃣to whom it may concern ➡️ an expression written at the beginning of a formal letter when you do not know the name of the person you want to communicate with


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#️⃣#Content /ˈkɒntent $ ˈkɑːn-/ #verb [transitive]

1️⃣content yourself with (doing) something ➡️ to do or have something that is not what you really wanted, but is still satisfactory:

🔹Mr Lal has been asking for more responsibility, but has had to content himself with a minor managerial post.

2️⃣#formal ➡️ to make someone feel happy and satisfied:

🔹I was no longer satisfied with the life that had hitherto contented me.


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📕SHRUG /ʃrʌɡ/ BrE AmE #verb

[intransitive and transitive]

• past tense and past participle: shrugged
• present participle: shrugging

= to raise and then lower your shoulders in order to show that you do not know something or do not care about something:

🔹I just shrugged my shoulders and ignored him.

🔹Melanie shrugged and walked away.

🔺shrug something off #phrasal verb

= to treat something as unimportant and not worry about it:

🔹We can’t just shrug these objections off.

📗SHRUG BrE AmE #noun [countable]

[usually singular] = a movement of your shoulders upwards and then downwards again that you make to show that you do not know something or do not care about something:

🔘with a shrug

🔹‘Suit yourself,’ he said with a shrug.

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#️⃣#Issue /ˈɪʃuː, ˈɪsjuː $ ˈɪʃuː/ #verb [transitive]

1️⃣to officially make a statement, give an order, warning etc:

🔹Silva issued a statement denying all knowledge of the affair.
🔹a warning issued by the Surgeon General

2️⃣if an organization or someone in an official position issues something such as documents or equipment, they give these things to people who need them

💢issue a passport / permit / visa etc

🔹The US State Department issues millions of passports each year.

💢issue somebody with something

🔹All the workers were issued with protective clothing.

💢issue something to somebody

🔹The policy document will be issued to all employees.

3️⃣to officially produce something such as new stamps, coins, or shares and make them available to buy

💢issue forth #phrasal_verb #literary

💢if something issues forth, it comes out of a place or thing

💢issue forth from

🔹A low grunt issued forth from his throat.

💢issue from something #phrasal_verb #literary

💢if something issues from a place or thing, it comes out of it:

🔹Smoke issued from the factory chimneys.


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#️⃣#Punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ #verb


📚#Thesaurus:

⚪️punish ➡️ to do something unpleasant to someone because they have done something wrong or broken the law:

✨Drug smugglers are severely punished.

✨She wanted to punish him for deceiving her.

⚪️fine ➡️ to make someone pay money as a punishment:

✨The company was fined for safety violations.

⚪️sentence ➡️ if a judge sentences a criminal, he or she gives them an official punishment, usually sending them to prison for a period of time:

✨The judge sentenced Margolis to a year in prison.

⚪️penalize (also penalise #British_English) ➡️ to officially punish someone, especially by taking away their right to do something or by limiting their freedom in some way:

✨New laws will penalize firms that continue to pollute the environment.

⚪️discipline ➡️ to punish someone who has broken the rules of an organization that they belong to or work for:

✨Officers are expected to discipline soldiers who do not keep their uniforms in good condition.

⚪️come down hard on somebody #informal ➡️ to punish someone or criticize them severely:

✨The judge came down hard on Harris, saying that his crime was ‘inexcusable’.

⚪️make an example of somebody ➡️ to punish someone so that other people are afraid to do the same thing:

✨Athletics officials felt they had to make an example of him for using banned drugs.

⚪️teach somebody a lesson #informal ➡️ to do something in order to show someone that they must not do something again, when they have behaved very badly:

✨I didn't want to hurt him - I just wanted teach him a lesson.

✨Maybe a night in jail will teach him a lesson.

⚪️make somebody pay (for something) #informal ➡️ to make someone wish they had never done something, by making them suffer:

✨We should make him pay for all the mischief he's caused!


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#️⃣#Shake /ʃeɪk/ #verb


💢shake something out of/off/from something

🔹She shook the sand out of her shoes (=removed it by shaking).

2️⃣BODY [intransitive] ➡️ if someone shakes, or part of their body shakes, they make small sudden movements from side to side or up and down, especially because they are very frightened, cold, ill etc SYN tremble ⇨ shiver:

🔹The little boy’s hand was shaking.

💢shake with fear/laughter/anger etc

🔹I could see my neighbor shaking with laughter.
🔹What’s wrong with you? You’re shaking like a leaf (=shaking a lot because you are very nervous or frightened).

💢be shaking in your shoes/boots (=be very nervous)

🔹I was shaking in my shoes – I thought he was going to fire me.

3️⃣shake your head ➡️ to move your head from side to side as a way of saying no, or to show disapproval, surprise, or sadness:

🔹When asked if he wanted anything else, he just shook his head.
🔹Mark shook his head in disbelief.

4️⃣shake sb’s hand/shake hands with somebody ➡️ to move someone’s hand up and down with your own hand as a greeting or as a sign you have agreed something:

🔹He shook my hand warmly.
🔹Wilkins shook hands with him.
🔹If we have a deal, let’s shake on it (=show that we have made an agreement by shaking hands).

5️⃣SHOCK [transitive] ➡️ to make someone feel very upset or shocked:

🔹Kerrie was so shaken by the attack that she won’t go out alone.
🔹The murder shook the whole town.

6️⃣shake sb’s confidence/beliefs etc ➡️ to make someone feel less confident, less sure about their beliefs etc:

🔹His confidence was badly shaken.

7️⃣sb’s voice shakes ➡️ if someone’s voice is shaking, it is not steady and they sound very worried, angry, or frightened:

🔹Her voice was shaking as she announced the news.

💢shake with rage/emotion etc

🔹Reg’s voice shook with rage.

8️⃣shake your fist (at somebody) ➡️ to show that you are angry by holding up and shaking your tightly closed hand:

🔹He shook his fist at the driver of the other car.

9️⃣shake a leg #spoken ➡️ used to tell someone to hurry, or quickly start doing something:

🔹C’mon, shake a leg!


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#️⃣#Spread /spred/ #verb


💢spread through

🔹Fire quickly spread through the building.

💢spread over

🔹He watched the dark stain spread over the gray carpet.

💢spread among

🔹The disease spread rapidly amongst the poor.

💢spread (from something) to something

🔹The cancer had spread to her liver.
🔹Revolution quickly spread from France to Italy.

2️⃣INFORMATION/IDEAS

🅰️[intransitive] to become known about or used by more and more people:

🔹News of the explosion spread swiftly.

💢spread to/through/over etc

🔹Buddhism spread to China from India.
🔹The news spread like wildfire (=very quickly).
🔹Word spread quickly that she was leaving.

🅱️[transitive] to tell a lot of people about something:

🔹Andy loves spreading rumours about his colleagues.
🔹They are spreading the word about the benefits of immunization.

3️⃣OPEN/ARRANGE (also spread out) [transitive] ➡️ to open something out or arrange a group of things so that they cover a flat surface

💢spread something over/across/on something

🔹Papers and photos were spread across the floor.
🔹He spread the map out on the desk.
🔹a table spread with a white cloth

4️⃣THROUGHOUT AN AREA [intransitive] (also be spread, spread out) ➡️ to cover or exist across a large area

💢spread over

🔹the forest that spread over the whole of that region

💢spread throughout

🔹The company has more than 2,500 shops spread throughout the UK.

5️⃣SOFT SUBSTANCE [intransitive and transitive] ➡️ to put a soft substance over a surface, or to be soft enough to be put over a surface

💢spread something on/over something

🔹He spread plaster on the walls.

💢spread something with something

🔹Spread the toast thinly with jam.
🔹If you warm up the butter, it’ll spread more easily.
🔹Spread the nut mixture evenly over the bottom.

6️⃣ARMS/FINGERS ETC [transitive] ➡️ if you spread your arms, fingers, or legs, you move them far apart:

🔹He shrugged and spread his hands.

7️⃣OVER TIME [transitive] (also spread out) ➡️ to do something over a period of time, rather than at one time

💢spread something over something

🔹Could I spread the repayments over a longer period?
🔹There will be 12 concerts spread throughout the summer.

8️⃣SHARE [transitive] ➡️ to share or divide something among several people or things

💢spread the load/burden

🔹The bills are sent out on different dates to spread the workload on council staff.
🔹They want the country’s wealth to be more evenly spread.

9️⃣SMILE/LOOK [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] ➡️ if an expression spreads over someone’s face, it slowly appears on their face

💢spread over/across

🔹A slow smile spread over her face.

1️⃣0️⃣spread your wings

🅰️to start to have an independent life and experience new things:
🔹A year spent studying abroad should allow him to spread his wings a bit.

🅱️if a bird or insect spreads its wings, it stretches them wide

1️⃣1️⃣🅰️be spread (too) thin/thinly ➡️ if money, effort etc is spread thin, it is being used for many things so there is not enough for each thing:

🔹They complained that resources were spread too thinly.

🅱️spread yourself too thin ➡️ to try to do too many things at the same time so that you do not do any of them effectively

1️⃣2️⃣spread seeds/manure/fertilizer ➡️ to scatter seeds, manure etc on the ground

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#️⃣#Continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/ #verb


1️⃣[intransitive and transitive] ➡️ to not stop happening, existing, or doing something ⇨ continuous, continual, discontinue

🔘continue to do something

💥Sheila continued to work after she had her baby.
💥He will be continuing his education in the US.
💥I felt too sick to continue.

🔘continue unabated/apace/unchecked (=continue at the same high speed or level)

💥The flood of refugees continued unabated.

🔘continue with

💥He was permitted to continue with his work while in prison.

🔘continue for

💥The strike continued for another four weeks.

🔘continue doing something

💥Most elderly people want to continue living at home for as long as they can.

2️⃣[intransitive and transitive] ➡️ to start again, or start doing something again, after an interruption SYN resume:

💥After a brief ceasefire, fighting continued.
💥Rescue teams will continue the search tomorrow.

🔘continue doing something

💥He picked up his book and continued reading.

3️⃣[intransitive] ➡️ to go further in the same direction

🔘continue down/along/into etc

💥We continued along the road for some time.
💥The road continues northwards to the border.

4️⃣[intransitive] ➡️ to stay in the same job, situation etc

🔘continue as

💥Miss Silva will continue as publishing director.

5️⃣[intransitive and transitive] ➡️ to say more after an interruption:

💥‘And so,’ he continued, ‘we will try harder next time.’

6️⃣to be continued ➡️ used at the end of part of a story, a television show etc to tell people that the story has not finished yet


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📙experience BrE AmE #verb [transitive]

1️⃣if you experience a problem, event, or situation, it happens to you or affects you

🔘experience problems/difficulties

💥Many old people will experience problems as the result of retirement.

💥Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them.

2️⃣to feel a particular emotion, pain etc:

💥Many women experience feelings of nausea during pregnancy.


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📙#Field BrE AmE #verb [transitive]
يوفِد ؛ يُرسِل

1️⃣if you field a team, an army etc, they represent you or fight for you in a competition, election, or war:

💥The Ecology Party fielded 109 candidates.

💥We fielded a team of highly talented basketball players.

2️⃣to answer questions, telephone calls etc, especially when there are a lot of them or the questions are difficult:

💥The Minister fielded questions on the Middle East.

💥The press office fielded numerous calls from the media.

3️⃣be fielding ➡️ the team that is fielding in a game of cricket or baseball is the one that is throwing and catching the ball, rather than the one hitting it OPP be batting

4️⃣if you field the ball in a game of cricket or baseball, you stop it after it has been hit


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🔹DILLY-DALLY #verb


= to delay without cause or reason and not to rush, or by not being able to make a decision:

✨He was late for the meeting but continued to do this and that in his office and took his time in everything. He dilly-dallied for over an hour.

✨Don't dilly-dally - just get your bags and let's go!


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#️⃣#Source /sɔːs $ sɔːrs/ BrE AmE


📗source BrE AmE #verb [transitive] #technical

1️⃣if goods are sourced from a particular place, they are obtained from that place

🔘source from

💥Fish for the restaurant is sourced daily from British ports.

💥locally sourced milk

2️⃣to find out where something can be obtained:

💥We might be able to source the parts.


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#️⃣#Distance /ˈdɪstəns/ BrE AmE #verb

= to act in a way that shows that you are not connected with someone or something, usually because you do not approve of them

🔘distance yourself from someone/something:

💥The company is trying to distance itself from remarks made by the former director.


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✨Snuggle

#verb
[intransitive usually + adv/prep]

UK,US /ˈsnʌɡ.əl/

‎يشد نفسه اليه ؛ يتكبب ؛ يتكرفس ؛ يجمع أطرافه ؛ يقترب من شخص/شيء للدف ء

= to move yourself into a warm and comfortable position, especially one in which your body is against another person or covered by something:

🔹The child snuggled up to her mother to get warm.


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♦️ABSENT (adj/v)
غائب/يُغَيِّب

This word may be an #adjective or a #verb. If it is a verb it is pronounced with the stress on the second syllable, and has a reflexive pronoun as its object. For both parts of speech, the place where the absentee should have been is indicated by from.

➖Several students were ABsent from the lecture. (adj.)
⚠️ غائب (غاب غير متعمداً)؛ غير متواجد.

➖Several students abSENTed themselves from the lecture.(v)
⚠️ غاب متعمداً.

✨To absent oneself from usually suggests a deliberate action; to be absent from does not; it merely implies that the person in question was not present.

🔻Absence and absentee also take from.

➖His absence from the meeting was not noticed.

➖He was charged with being an absentee from the army.


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🔻Force #verb [transitive] #Metaphor


Forcing someone to do something is like putting physical pressure on them, or pulling or pushing them. The following phrases convey this figure of speech:

💭They put pressure on him to go.
💭I was under a lot of pressure.
💭I felt very pressured.
💭She pushed me into agreeing.
💭He was hauled in by the police for questioning.
💭They squeezed a confession out of him.
💭The country was dragged into war.
💭They kept pressing me for an answer.
💭I didn’t want to do it, but they twisted my arm.
💭She managed to twist/ wrap me around her little finger.


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🔘Quarantine
🔻حجر / محجر صحي
🔻يحجر صحياً
#noun, #verb

UK /ˈkwɒr.ən.tiːn/
US /ˈkwɔːr.ən.tiːn/

= a period of time during which an animal or person that might have a disease is kept away from other people or animals so that the disease cannot spread:

✨The patient had to spend several days in quarantine because of coronavirus.🦠


🔘Home quarantine
🔻الحجر المنزلي/المؤسسي

🔘Voluntary/Self-quarantine
🔻الحجر الذاتي/ الطوعي


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🔻#Discover /dɪsˈkʌvə $ -ər/ BrE AmE #verb [transitive]


#Metaphore

✨Discovering things such as facts and information is like finding them by digging or searching in the ground.

◽️Let me know if you #dig_up anything about him.

◾️I #unearthed some useful facts and figures.

◽️The facts only #came_to_light after a long investigation.

◾️We #left_no_stone_unturned in our search for the truth.

◽️The book is a #mine/#goldmine of information.

◾️I think that this will prove a #rich_seam to #mine for your research.

◽️It took me a long time to find it, but I finally #struck_gold/oil.

◾️You need to read a lot more: you’ve only just begun to #scratch_the_surface.

◽️You need to put in a lot of #spadework.

◾️The journalists were #grubbing_around for something to print.

◽️They #raked_up a lot of scandals.


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