*✨*Ƥracтιce Maĸeѕ Ƥerғecт*✨*
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✨A fruitful collection of Vocabulary, Grammar, Phrasal verbs, Idiomatic expressions & much more.✨

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🍃"اللهم اجعلها صدقة جارية"🍃
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✨Comma Splice


🔻A comma splice occurs when you divide two complete clauses with a comma. Although we may use this phrasing when we speak, it is always a mistake when you write.

🔸Hand me the salt and pepper, the eggs are bland. ✘
🔸You sat on my pastry, now I can’t eat it. ✘
🔸The birds come to the feeder every day, I have to refill it
constantly. ✘

🔻When two clauses are related, they should be joined by a comma
and a conjunction
, or divided by either a semicolon or a period (if they belong in two separate sentences). If you examine the incorrect examples, you will notice that—in addition to the solution of using either a semicolon or a period—you might alternatively try using a conjunction such as because, so, or and.

🔹You sat on my pastry, so now I can’t eat it. ✔️
🔹You sat on my pastry; now I can’t eat it. ✔️

➕Bonus:

🔻Although a semicolon is a handy replacement in a comma splice for related clauses, one should never separate unrelated clauses with a semicolon.

🔹The birds come to the feeder every day; tomorrow I leave for Zimbabwe.

It may have a nice ring to it, but the clauses have nothing to do with each other.

#Punctuation
#Common_mistakes
@PMPerfect1
*✨*Ƥracтιce Maĸeѕ Ƥerғecт*✨*
Arabi06327_دراسة_صوتية_لبعض_الالفاظ.pdf
✨دراسة صوتية لبعض الألفاظ الإنجليزية ذات الأصل العربي

🔹اسم المؤلف : أماني يوسف أبو خضرة، كرستينا بشير بلتاجي

🔹اسم المحقق : جمال العريني

🔹الناشر : جامعة البلقاء التطبيقية

🔹تاريخ النشر : 2012 - 2011 ، الأردن

#لغة #علم_الأصوات
@PMPerfect1
Forwarded from Omar Alamri
@get_it_pdf( Dictionary of Linguistics and Phon).pdf
6.2 MB
A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, Sixth Edition
Author: David Crystal
Year: 2008

معجم اللغويات وعلم الأصوات
الكاتب: ديفيد كريستال
السنة: 2008

وصف:
يعد هذا الكتاب مرجعًا قياسيًا وحيد الحجم لحقله. متوفر الآن في نسخته السادسة ، وقد تم تنقيحه وتحديثه ليعكس أحدث المصطلحات في هذا المجال.
يتضمن أكثر من 5،100 مصطلح ، تم تجميعه في أكثر من 3000 إدخال
تعكس Coverage توصيات فريق من الخبراء في علم الصوتيات ، علم الأصوات ، بناء الجملة ، علم الدلالة ، اللغويات الاجتماعية وعلم اللغة النفسي ، مما يجعلها شاملة بشكل استثنائي
يشتمل على أفكار جديدة ناشئة عن برنامج الحد الأدنى
يحتوي على جدول منفصل من الاختصارات وجدول الرموز ، جنبًا إلى جنب مع تحديث الأبجدية الصوتية الدولية
تحديثات الإدخالات لتعكس الطريقة التي يتم بها الآن النظر إلى المصطلحات المحددة في ضوء التغييرات في هذا المجال ، مما يوفر رؤية فريدة للتطور التاريخي في اللغويات
لا يزال المرجع القياسي أحادي المجلد في مجال اللغويات والصوتيات.
Forwarded from Omar Alamri
Words on Words: Quotations about Language and Languages

David Crystal & Hilary Crystal (2000)
⚪️ Off balance:

1️⃣ not steady or upright, for example because more weight is on one side غير متوازن

✨That wheel is off balance.

🔻throw/knock someone/something off balance:
يُفْقِد/يُخِل توازن

✨He kept pulling my arm, throwing me off balance.

2️⃣
surprised, upset, or confused by something مندهش/متضايق/مرتبك

🔻knock/catch someone off balance: يُربك/يُدهِش شخص ما

✨I was thrown completely off balance by Anna’s reply.

#Phrases
@PMPerfect1
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🔻Call someone on the carpet
✨
يوبِّخ/يعنِّف بشدة
✨بالعامية: يمسح فيه الأرض

#idiom
@PMPerfect1
🔹Make of someone/something

= to understand someone/something in a particular way يفهم/ يستوعب

🔻I don't know what to make of our new teacher.

🔹Make off

= to leave quickly, usually in order to escape: يخلع/ يغادر بسرعة ليهرب

🔻The burglars made off before the police arrived.

🔹Make off with something

= to escape with something, especially something stolen. يهرب بشيء مسروق

🔻They made off with our television and our stereo.


#Phrasal_verbs
@PMPerfect1
🔹Essential American Idioms🔹


⭐️#ACTIVITY


✨Be about something ▶️ to get busy doing something, especially doing one's business.

🔻It's eight o'clock, and it's time I was about my homework.

🔻Good-bye, Jane. I must be about my business.

✨Get into full swing AND get into high gear ▶️ to move into the peak of activity; to start moving fast or efficiently. (#Informal.)

🔻In the summer months, things
really get into full swing around here.

🔻We go skiing in the mountains each winter. Things get into high gear there in November.

✨Like a three-ring circus ▶️ chaotic; exciting and busy.

🔻Our household is like a three-ring circus on Monday mornings.

🔻This meeting is like a three-ring circus. Quiet down and listen!

✨Like crazy AND like mad ▶️ furiously; very much, fast, many, or actively.(#Slang.)

🔻People are coming in here like crazy. There isn't enough room for the mall.

🔻We sold ice cream like crazy. It was a very hot day.

🔻When she stubbed her toe, she started screaming like mad.

✨Make as if ▶️ to do something to act as if one were about to do something.

🔻The thief made as if to run away but changed his mind.

🔻Jane made as if to smack the child.

✨Rough-and-tumble ▶️ rough; overly active. (In reference to physical activity.)

🔻The game got sort of rough-and-tumble, so I stopped playing.

🔻Jane runs with a rough-and-tumble crowd that's always involved in some sort of sport.

✨Strike while the iron is hot ▶️ to do something at the best possible time; to do something when the time is ripe.

🔻He was in a good mood, so I asked for a loan of $200. I thought I'd better strike while the iron was hot.

🔻Please go to the bank and settle this matter now! They are willing to be reasonable. You've got to strike while the iron is hot.


📚#Thematic_Dictionary
🇺🇸#Essential_American_Idioms
@PMPerfect1
✨The Collective Noun


A collective noun is the name of a group, class, or multitude, and not of a single person, place, or thing.

🔘
Examples:

crowd, group, legislature, squadron, sheaf, battalion, squad, Associated Press, Mediterranean Steamship Company, Senior Class, School Board.

The same noun may be abstract in one of its meanings, collective in another.

🔸They believe in fraternity. [Abstract.]

🔸The student joined a fraternity. [Collective.]


#Grammar
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✨Tolerance🆚Tolerate🆚Tolerant

#Vocabulary
@PMPerfect1
#Tip

Most nouns form the plural number by adding -s or -es to the singular.

Examples:

mat, mats; wave, waves; problem, problems; bough, boughs; John, Johns; nurse, nurses; tense, tenses; bench, benches; dish, dishes; class, classes; fox, foxes.

👌🏻Special Rules:

1. If the singular ends in (-s, -x, -z, -ch, or -sh), the plural ending is -es.

Examples:

loss, losses; box, boxes; buzz, buzzes; match, matches; rush, rushes.

2. Many nouns ending in (-o) preceded by a consonant also take the ending -es in the plural.

Examples:

hero, heroes; cargo, cargoes; potato, potatoes; motto, mottoes; buffalo, buffaloes; mosquito, mosquitoes.

3. Nouns ending in (-o) preceded by a vowel form their plural in -s: as,—cameo, cameos; folio, folios.

4. The following nouns ending in (-o) preceded by a consonant also form their plural in -s:

banjo
bravo
burro
cantocasino
chromo
contralto
duodecimo
dynamo
halo
junto
lasso
memento
octavo
piano
proviso
quarto
solo
soprano
stiletto
torso
tyro
zero


#Spelling
@PMPerfect1
🖇CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS



⚪️Accordingly
◽️لذلك
= as a result of something SYN therefore

♦️The cost of materials rose sharply last year. Accordingly, we were forced to increase our prices.
♦️They have broken the rules and will be punished accordingly.

⚪️Consequently
◽️إذن/ بناءاً على ذلك

= as a result SYN therefore

♦️My car broke down and consequently I was late.
♦️They’ve increased the number of staff and consequently the service is better.

⚪️Conversely
◽️العكس بالعكس

= used when one situation is the opposite of another

♦️Conversely, you might say that it is ridiculous.
♦️In real life, nobody was all bad, nor, conversely, all good.

⚪️Certainly
◽️بالتأكيد/ دون شك

= without any doubt SYN definitely

♦️The design certainly looks good on paper.
♦️A generation ago genetic codes were certainly unknown.

⚪️Elsewhere
◽️بمكان آخر

= in, at, or to another place

♦️She is becoming famous in America and elsewhere.
♦️Can you find anything like this elsewhere?

⚪️Equally
◽️بالتساوي/ على حد السواء/ مناصفة

= in a way that is fair and is the same for everyone

♦️Diet and exercise are equally important.
♦️The money raised will be divided equally between the charities.

⚪️Henceforth
◽️من الآن فصاعداً

= from this time into the future

♦️Foreigners were henceforth to be encouraged to come and live in Spain.
♦️Henceforth, attendance will be taken in all classes.

⚪️Incidentally
◽️بالمناسبة

= used to add more information to what you have just said, or to introduce a new subject that you have just thought of SYN by the way

♦️Incidentally, I wanted to have a word with you about your expenses claim.
♦️Incidentally, she was a very popular mayor.

⚪️Meanwhile
◽️إبان/ خلال/ في غضون

= from now until a time or event in the future

♦️My mother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the house.
♦️They’re still working on our bedroom. Meanwhile, we’re sleeping downstairs.

⚪️Namely
◽️أي/ أعني

= used for introducing more detailed information about a subject that you are discussing

♦️I learned an important lesson when I lost my job, namely that nothing is a hundred percent guaranteed.
♦️Only one boy was absent, namely Harry.

⚪️Nonetheless
◽️و مع ذلك/ على الرغم من ذلك

= despite what has just been said. The more usual word is nevertheless.

♦️There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time to return.
♦️There are possible risks, but nonetheless, we feel it’s a sound investment.

⚪️Otherwise
◽️و إلا

= used when saying what bad thing will happen if something is not done

♦️You’ll have to go now, otherwise you’ll miss your bus.
♦️Put your coat on, otherwise you’ll get cold.

⚪️Regardless
◽️مهما يكن/ بغض أو بصرف النظر عن

= without being affected or influenced by anything else that happens or exists

♦️It seemed an impossible task at times, but we carried on, regardless.
♦️The building work will proceed regardless of whether there is an agreement.

⚪️Similarly
◽️و بالمثل

= used for showing that two ideas are related or connected

♦️The children were similarly dressed.
♦️Cars must stop at red traffic lights: similarly, bicycles have to stop too.

⚪️Subsequently
◽️بعد ذلك/ من ثم/ بالتالي

= after something else happened

♦️He subsequently became chairman of the party.
♦️The disease subsequently spread to the rest of the country.

⚪️Thereafter
◽️بعدئذ/ بعد ذلك/ منذ ذلك الحين فصاعداً

= after a particular event or time SYN afterwards

♦️She was born in France, but shortly thereafter her family moved to the United States.
♦️Thereafter he wrote articles for papers and magazines in London.


#Conjunctive_adverbs
#Grammar
@PMPerfect1
🔴 FAR (with comparison)


It’s used for emphasizing a difference when you are making a comparison

🔘far more/bigger/better etc (=much more, bigger etc):

✨The situation is bad in England, but it is far worse in Scotland.

✨The Prime Minister is far more interested in the vote.

🔘far above/below (=much more or less than something):

✨There are more than 97 signatures, which is far above the required number.

✨The results were far below our expectations.

🔘far too much/big/easy etc (=much too much, much too big etc):

✨The issue is far too important to be discussed behind closed doors.

✨You eat far too much.


#Grammar
@PMPerfect1
✨✨جديدنا لكم دائماً كل ما هو مفيد و مثمر ✨✨



قناة "كيف تقول باللغة الإنجليزية"!🗣


فضلاً لا أمراً ... انضم و شارك الرابط مع أصدقائك. 😊👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻

https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAEpbg3ou0ZIIe_g54w

@HowTo_Say
💢#Proud /praʊd/ BrE AmE #adjective


#Metaphor


   ✨Being too proud, and thinking that you are better than other people, is like being high up. Being humble is like being low down.

🔺I can’t stand that superior attitude of his!

🔺They look down on everyone who isn’t as rich as they are.

🔺She’s got very uppity since she was promoted.

🔺Despite his great wealth, he’s not at all stuck-up.

🔺She treated other people with lofty disdain.

🔺They look down their noses at people like us.

🔺I don’t know why you’re being so high and mighty all of a sudden.

🔻He rose from lowly origins.

🔻His family snubbed her because she was low-born.

🔻We were taught to look up to people from a higher class.

🔻The way you crawl to him makes me sick.

🔻I’m not going to abase myself before anyone.

🔻They regarded ordinary working people as their social inferiors.


#Phrases
@PMPerfect1
🛑ACROSS 🆚 OVER 🆚 THROUGH


🔻ACROSS = from one side to the other of a surface area

🔹They're laying a pipeline across Siberia.

🔻OVER = on or above a surface, not necessarily from one side to the other

🔹We skated over the frozen lake.

🔻THROUGH = movement within a solid or enclosing medium

🔹Water flows through this pipe.
🔹It was difficult to cut through the forest.


#Right_word_wrong_word
#Vocabulary
@PMPerfect1